Full Name: BIDES , MARIA KEITHLEY C.

Date of Submission: October 19 , 2020

Instructor: MR. JORDAN DAVE ACOSTA
Subject: PMLS Course and Year: BSMLS 1 (0785)
ACTIVITY 06- Elaborate

1. What are antigens and antibodies? Explain how antibodies are produced. Limit your
answers to three (5) sentences only. An Antigen or also known as immunogens is any
substance that triggers an immune response in the body. An antibody or also known as
immunoglobins is a blood pr3otein that is produced against a specific antigen. The
antigen may cause either disease or allergic reactions while the antibody may protect
the body from antigens either by immobilizing the antigen or lysing the pathogen.
Antibodies are produced by specialized cells called B-lymphocytes; as a germ-lin B cells
matures , an enzyme called DNA Recombinase randomly excises V and J segments from
the light chain gene. Splicing of the mRNA levels results in the further gene rearrangement
, thus , each antibody has a unique variable region capable of binding a different
antigen.
2. If you are receiving Hepatitis B vaccine once a month for three consecutive months and a
booster shot after a year, your vaccination is what type of immunity? Elaborate. Limit your

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answer to five (5) sentences only. The Hepatitis B vaccine is given to protect people from

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getting the infection , in response to the vaccine , the body develops antibodies against

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV). This response is known as active immunity. This immunity is usually long-

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lasting immunity that is acquired through production of antibodies within the organism in

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response to the presence of antigens.
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3. Interpret the result. Left side is for NS1 test and the other side for Dengue IgG/IgM test.
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PATIENT 1 PATIENT 2 PATIENT 3

NS1 POSITIVE POSITIVE NEGATIVE
is

lgG / lgM NEGATIVE POSITIVE POSITIVE

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Indications A positive NS1 test A positive NS1 and lgG / 1. A negative NS1
confirms dengue virus lgM confirms that the test may mean
without providing person became infected the absence of
stereotype information. with dengue virus within dengue NS1
sh

recent weeks , antigen is

presumptive , recent consistent with
dengue viruses infection. the lack of acute
phase infection.
2. The NS1 antigen
may be negative
if the specimen is
collected
immediately
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 following dengue
virus infection.
Negative Re-test Acute Secondary Dengue
a. Does not have a a. Severe immunologic response to the body
dengue b. Infection with other kinds of dengue viruses in
b. Level of a person who already had a dengue.
antibodies may
be too low to
measure

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