Business Studies Department

Research Method and Techniques

Final Project Report
7 Semester, BBA-7C
th

Date with Day: 26th May 2021, Wednesday

SUBMITTED BY:
 Abdul Wahab
 Saqib Rehman
 Mustafa Hanif
 Zahoor Ahmed
 Kainat Safeer
 Abeen Shal

Submitted to: Ma'am Munazza

CHAPTER#2 (LITERATURE REVIEW)

ECONOMY

The new Economy could be information and technology, caused by globalization. Local factor such as
National Culture is very crucial part in the success of information and technology. Researchers says that
other factors could also be the crucial part of this i.e. gender because the usage of information and
technology depends on person to person and age to age of a person. Business students from the US
Greece and England, come up with this discussion of national issue i.e. national control, privacy cost, and
consumer’s preference and property rights. Researcher conclude that there is no effect of gender among
the ecommerce but the cultural group. Economy could be characterized by learning economies in which
knowledge is considered to be the important resource and learning is considered to be the important
process. The learning economy is considered to be a fixed economy as a fundamental sense. Researchers
argued that if pure market economy exist, would have severe problems in learning and innovation.
Informal economy gained renewed interest worldwide. Large share of global workforce and economy is
considered to be informal because of its growing in many context and appearing in new places and guises.
The linkage between informal economy, and formal institutions like formal firms, formal regulations etc.
Researchers proposes a comprehensive policy response, to informal economy with four main pillars, i.e.
create more formal jobs; regulate informal enterprises and informal jobs; security of state.

DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Developing Countries are those country which have low gross domestic product GDP per capita.
The Developing countries are heavily rely on agriculture and industries, To Grow faster
Developing countries are rapidly working on e commerce business to become more Advance in
Economically and Socially. Developing countries has shown massive potential in e commerce.
The E commerce has give ideal opportunities to the Developing countries because they will
enhance their Social and Economic development which will benefits the commercial
productivity and lower the cost of business and boost the economy of the developing countries.
Adoption and Advancement of E commerce in developing countries are necessary. In developing
countries e commerce Growth is substantial. Many developing countries are working on to
develop a proper E commerce system which will benefits country economic growth. Developing
countries need to enhance and improve E commerce development to Grow rapidly.

ECOMMERCE
E-commerce can be defined as the use of the Internet to conduct business transactions nationally
or internationally (WTO, 1998). E-commerce has two key roles; firstly as an effective channel
for the processing and integration of data, and secondly, as a possible way to transform many
economic activities (ECLAC, 2002). E-commerce (electronic commerce or EC) to buy and sell
goods and services, or remittances or data, electronically, primarily the Internet but all other
activities associated with any transaction such as: delivery, convenience and payment.,
procurement and service management. E-commerce applies to all online workloads. It also
describes the exchange of data between the financial, billing and payment aspects of e-
transactions. Usually e-commerce and e-business are used differently Today e-commerce has
become an integral part of everyday life. As in the 21st century as the internet became more and
more important and needed, it will surely strive to achieve more growth and sales online.

E-commerce is an important factor in improving productivity and economic efficiency and

increasing the rate of economic growth, where e-commerce increases the volume of investment
in information communication technology (ICT) resulting in productivity. Increases capacity
and economic growth. E-commerce, in full electronic commerce, maintains relationships and
conducts business transactions including the sale of information, services and goods through
computer telecommunication networks. E-commerce generally refers only to the trade of goods
and services on the Internet, involving broader economic activity. E-commerce is business to
consumer and business to business as well as internal organizational transactions that support
these activities E-commerce is part of economics and traditional commerce, and is closely linked
to other disciplines such as administration and law. It requires an administrative and regular
environment that is conducive to its management and that is legal for the protection of its clients.
E-commerce, or electronic commerce, is the transfer of funds or data via the Internet to facilitate
the purchase and sale of goods and services. Electronic commerce (EC) in business represents an
innovative initiative for an organization. Innovation is something that reduces costs and increases
quality and efficiency. Explains the potential for e-commerce to support the process of
procurement and procurement through electronic communication networks. Thus, e-commerce
identifies primarily business activities among market participants.

E Commerce has a great influence on country economy. E Commerce plays a important role in
Economy growth of developing countries nowadays. Many developing countries are using e
commerce for nationally and internationally trade. Many developing countries are adopting the
Electronic commerce business to grow rapidly. E commerce has enhanced and boost the
productivity and economic growth of developing countries. Many develop countries are enjoying
benefits of e commerce like USA and China etc. Developing countries Economic stability are
growing faster after E commerce business. B2B (Business to Business) and B2C (Business to
Customer) market are the main pillars of e commerce business and many developing countries
are investing on these market.
Growth in e-commerce can help PAKISTAN’S economy to grow and get stable. When there will
be many e-commerce stores their will be more variety and choices, e-commerce is only limited
to one country it expands in other countries of the world.

As PAKISTAN is developing country so it is most important for PAKISTAN to make it’s

economy stable and growth of economy is much needed. E-commerce business growth can help
in the growth of PAKISTAN.

REFERENCES:

Sagi, J., Carayannis, E., Dasgupta, S., & Thomas, G. (2004). ICT and business in the new economy:
globalization and attitudes towards eCommerce. Journal of Global Information Management
(JGIM), 12(3), 44-64.
Lundvall, B. Ä., & Johnson, B. (1994). The learning economy. Journal of industry studies, 1(2), 23-42.

Chen, M. A. (2012). The informal economy: Definitions, theories and policies (Vol. 1, No. 26, pp. 90141-
4). WIEGO working Paper.

Efendioglu, A. M., Yip, V. F., & Murray, W. L. (2005, January). E-Commerce in developing countries:
issues and influences. In Proceedings of the IBEC Annual Conference, Honolulu, Hawaii (pp. 10-15).

Humphrey, J., Mansell, R., Paré, D., & Schmitz, H. (2003). Reality of e-commerce with developing
countries.

Alyoubi, A. A. (2015). E-commerce in developing countries and how to develop them during the
introduction of modern systems. Procedia Computer Science, 65, 479-483.

Terzi, N. (2016). The impact of e-commerce on international trade and employment. In Encyclopedia of
E-Commerce Development, Implementation, and Management (pp. 2271-2287). IGI Global.

Baytar, C. U. (2015). The Impact of e-commerce on economic growth: A Bibliometric study. In Global
Business Research Symposium.

Fichter, K. (2001). Environmental effects of e-business and Internet economy. Borderstep Institute for
Innovation and Sustainability, Berlin, Working Paper for the German Federal Environment Ministry (BMU).

Kraemer, K. L., Dedrick, J., Melville, N. P., & Zhu, K. (Eds.). (2006). Global e-commerce: impacts of
national environment and policy. Cambridge University Press.
Hypothesis:

H1: E-commerce growth leads to growth in economy.

Ho: There is no impact of e-commerce growth on economic growth.

H1: The higher use of e-commerce leads to growth in developing countries.

Ho: There is no impact of higher use of e-commerce on growth of developing countries.

H1: There is positive relationship between e-commerce and economy.

Ho: There is no positive relationship between e-commerce and economy.