[Student First & Last Name]

STAT 02260
ExerciseHours Study: Final Report (Part 3 submission)
Prof. [insert Last Name of Professor here]
[Insert the Date of Submission here]
INTRODUCTION

The Nutrition Study contains the results of a survey applied to patients who underwent an elective
surgical procedure over a period of three years to perform a biopsy or remove a lesion of the lung,
colon, breast, skin, ovary, or uterus that was discovered that was not cancerous, the survey asked
about age, sex, smoking status, body mass index or quetelet index, vitamin use, number of calories
consumed per day, grams of fat consumed per day, grams of fiber consumed per day, number of
alcoholic beverages consumed per week, cholesterol consumed (mg per day), dietary beta carotene
consumed (mcg per day), dietary retinol consumed (mcg per day), beta carotene in plasma (ng / ml)
and plasma retinol (ng / ml). The study included 315 observations (patients) and 14 variables of which
there are 3 categorical variables and 11 quantitative variables. An additional adaptation for the data set
included an additional quantitative variable to identify the "ID" of the patient, another additional
adaptation was the inclusion of a categorical variable to identify whether the patient smokes or not in the
variable "Smoke" and finally an additional adaptation of a categorical variable of the “Vitamin” variable
that is related to the “VitaminUse” variable.

Variable Table for “NutritionStudy_project” Dataset

Variable Name Variable Description Variable Type

ID Patient ID Quantitative
Age Patient Age {Years} Quantitative
Smoke Does the patient smoke? {YES,NO} Categorical (2 levels)

Quetelet Body mass index (BMI) or Quetelet Quantitative

index of participant (weight/(height^2))
Vitamin Vitamin Use (1=Regular, 2= Categorical (3 levels)
Occasional, 3=No)
Calories Number of calories consumed per Quantitative
day.
Fat Grams of fat consumed per day. Quantitative
Fiber Grams of fiber consumed per day. Quantitative

Alcohol Weekly Alcohol Intake Quantitative

Cholesterol Cholesterol consumed (mg per day). Quantitative
BetaDiet Dietary beta-carotene consumed (mcg Quantitative
per day).
RetinolDiet Dietary retinol consumed (mcg per Quantitative
day)
BetaPlasma Plasma beta-carotene (ng/ml) Quantitative
RetinolPlasma Plasma Retinol (ng/ml) Quantitative
Sex Gender of Participant Categorical (2 levels)
{Male,Female}
VitaminUse Vitamin Use status {Regular, Categorical (3 levels)
Occasional, No }
PriorSmoke Prior Smoking Status (1=Never, Categorical (3 levels)
2=Former, 3=Current Smoker)
Analysis

Part A: Analysis of one Quantitative Variable: Daily Fat Intake (grams)

Figure 1. Grams of Daily Fat Intake (grams)

Figure 2. Summary Statistics for Daily Fat Intake (grams)

The amount of Daily Fat Intake (grams) are presented in Figure 1 and Figure 2. 25% of the patients
in the Nutrition Study consumed 53.9 fat grams or less per day. 50% of the patients consumed 72.9
fat grams or less per day. 75% of the patients consumed 95.25 fat grams or less per day. The
average amount of fat grams a patient consumed per day is 77. The shape of the distribution of the
Daily Fat Intake (grams) is right-skewed. For outlier analysis by IQR method, the IQR is 34 fat
grams, the minimum fence is 14.4 fat grams, and the maximum fence is 235.9 fat grams. The three
outliers detected in Daily Fat Intake (grams) are: 199. 202.7 and 235.9.
Part B: Analysis of one Categorical Variable: Vitamin Use Status (“Vitamin Use”)

Figure 3. Vitamin Use Status (“Vitamin Use”)

Figure 4. Summary Statistics for Vitamin Use Status (“Vitamin Use”)

The results of the Vitamin Use Status of patients who participated in the Nutrition
Study is presented in Figure 3 and Figure 4. 38,73% of patients are regular vitamin
consumers, 26.03% are occasional vitamin consumers and 35,24% don’t consume
vitamins. The majority of the patients in the estudy were regular vitamin consumers.
Part C variables: Analysis of two Categorical Variables: Prior Smoking Status
(“PriorSmoke”) & Gender

Figure 5. Prior Smoking Status (“PriorSmoke”) & Gender

Figure 6. Conditional probabilities: Prior Smoking Status (“PriorSmoke”)

& Gender

The results of the Prior Smoking Status by the Gender in the Nutrition Study are
presented in Figure 5 and Figure 6. Figure 5 presents the stacked bar chart and
Figure 6 presents the conditional probabilities of the gender by the specific prior
smoking status of the patient. Of the patients who never had smoked before 91.7%
were female and 8.3% were male. Of patients who were former smokers 80.9%
were female and 19.1% were male and of patients who were current_smokers
83.7% were female and 16.3% were male. At the three Prior Smoking Status Of the
patients, majority were female. There appears to be an association between gender
and Prior Smoking Status.
Part D: Analysis of one Quantitative & one Categorical Variable: Daily Calories
Intake & Gender

Figure 7. Daily Calories Intake & Gender

Figure 8. Summary Statistics: Daily Calories Intake & Gender

The results of the daily calories intake by gender the patients in the Nutrition Study are
presented in Figure 7 and Figure 8. The summary statistics of daily calories intake do show
that group of male patients have a higher mean (2156.7 vs 1741.4), higher minimum (827.9
vs 445.2), higher median (2023.6 vs 1628.5) and higher upper quartile (2654.9 vs 2052.4)
than the females. It did reflect that males have a higher maximum daily calories intake
(6700.7 vs 4373.6) than females, the lower quartile is higher in males than in females
(1711.4 vs1305.4). It does appear there is an association between gender and daily
calories intake.
Part E variables: Analysis of two Quantitative Variables: Daily Calories Intake &
Weekly Alcohol Intake

Figure 9. Daily Calories Intake & Weekly Alcohol Intake

Figure 10. Summary Statistics: Daily Calories Intake & Weekly Alcohol Intake

The data points for Daily Calories Intake and Weekly Alcohol Intake for each
patitent in the Nutrition Study are plotted in the scatterplo shown in Figure 9 and
Figure 10. There appears to be a positive linear association between daily calories
intake and weekly alcohol intake and the correlation coefficient of 0.454 supports
than the linear association is moderate. It expect that there would be a positive
linear association, the higher the daily calories intake, the higher the weekly alcohol
intake.
CONCLUSION

The analysis of the Nutrition Study has revealed some interesting results. 50% of
the patients consumed 72.9 fat grams or less per day and the average amount of fat
grams a patient consumed per day was 77. On the other hand, 38,73% of patients
were regular vitamin consumers, 26.03% were occasional vitamin consumers and
35,24% didn’t consume vitamins. There does appear to be an association between
prior smoking Status and gender. Patients who never had smoked before, former
smokers, and current smokers were more likely to be female. Males appear to
consume higher maximum daily calories than females with the analysis showing in
daily calories intake a higher mean, higher minimum, higher median, a higher upper
quartile, and a higher lower quartile supporting that there is indeed association
between gender and daily calories intake. There is a positive linear association
between daily calories intake and weekly alcohol intake, though the association is
indeed a moderate linear association.

One new variable that should be added to the study the next time would be the
consumption of fruits and vegetables or the Vitamin A level in the patient's blood
because beta-carotene is one of the pigments present in plants. It is what gives fruit
and some vegetables their intense yellow-orange color and it would be interesting to
analyze the fact that some research suggests that high beta-carotene consumption
is associated with an increased risk of cancer in smokers while in the case of non-
smokers, the effect of beta-carotene consumption is just the opposite, reducing the
risk of tumor development.