MODAL AUXILIARIES & SIMILAR EXPRESSIONS

PART I
SET 1
6. A: Are you going to enroll on the second
course when we finish this one?
1. The company had sent the advertisement to
the newspaper when they realised they’d B: I don’t know. It’s tiring coming every day
mistyped the salary they were offering for the after work. I ---- a month before I start the
position. Luckily, they ---- the newspaper to second course.
correct their mistake before they printed it.
A) may wait
A) could have asked B) am supposed to wait
B) were able to ask C) have waited
C) must have asked D) have to wait
D) were supposed to ask E) could have waited
E) might have asked
7. James will book the hotel rooms for the
German representatives and you ---- them at
2. A: I wish I hadn’t criticised Mark’s the airport at eight o’cl ock. Is that clear?
drawings yesterday because he hasn’t A) have met
spoken to me today. Do you think he’ll come
B) can meet
to my party on Friday?
C) are to meet
B: Possibly, he ---- you by then.
D) had met
A) has forgiven E) would meet
B) was able to forgive
C) might have forgiven
8. ---- lending me $20 so that I don't have to give
D) must have forgiven the taxi a $100 dollar note?
E) used to forgive
A) Would you like TO
3. Since the day his manager transferred him to B) Would you rather V1
the foundry section of the ste el works, he ----
C) Would you mind
safety goggles.
D) Had you better
A) will be wearing
E) Do you mind if I......
B) has had to wear
C) ought to wear
9. A: Jack doesn’t work for a computer
D) must have worn
company, so why has he gone to the
E) is wearing computer exhibition?
4. A: This student has circled the mistakes in B: I don’t know. He ---- interested in buying a
the text, but he hasn’t corrected them, so he’ll computer to use at home or perhaps he’s
only get half marks. thinking of starting his own company.
B: He ---- the instructions properly. A) must be
A) would rather not read B) has to be
B) had better not read C) will be
C) needn’t have read D) ought to be
D) shouldn’t have read E) could be
E) must not have read 10. You ---- anything to me. If you want to spend
5. As a single woman, Lucy ---- quite a lot of virtually your entire wages on lottery
money on clothes, jewellery and cosmetics, tickets, then that’s up to you.
but now married with two childre n, she can’t A) couldn’t have explained
spare so much money on them.
B) don’t have to explain
A) might spend C) weren’t able to explain
B) had spent D) shouldn’t have explained
C) would rather spend E) weren’t supposed to explain
D) would spend
E) should have spent

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11. You ---- anything until after your operation. 17. ---- I ask you a favour? ---- you work on
The nurses will tell you when it is all right. Thursday night this week instead of Friday
night?
A) needn’t eat
A) Can / Did
B) don’t have to eat
B) Would / Will
C) couldn’t eat
C) May / Could
D) mustn’t eat
D) Might / Shall
E) might not eat
E) Must / Would
12. Oh dear, my fruit cake is a little too sweet. I ---
- the amount of sugar I add to the mixture 18. Amy Johnson, the first woman pilot who ----
next time. from England to Australia, ---- several times
during her flight to fill her plane with petrol.
A) have been reducing
A) had flown / has stopped
B) should have reduced
B) could fly / was stopping
C) will have to reduce
C) used to fly / might stop
D) have had to reduce
D) was flying / would rather stop
E) must be reducing
E) flew / had to stop
13. Isn’t it great that Tim and Sue have giv en up
smoking? The both ---- too much. 19. ---- you take this screwdr iver back to Mr.
Smith next door and thank him for lending it
A) used to smoke to us?
B) ought to be smoking A) Will
C) must be smoking B) Must
D) would rather smoke C) Ought
E) have been smoking D) Shall
14. A: What’s happened to Mr. Meyer? E) May
B: He’s ill in hospital. They ---- keep him in
overnight, and if they do, he ---- travel back to
Germany tomorrow morning. 20. They ---- their house yet. They only put it up
for sale yesterday.
A) may / won’t be able to
A) haven’t been selling
B) would / ought not to
B) might not be selling
C) shall / doesn’t have to
C) needn’t have sold
D) can / couldn’t
D) ought not to sell
E) ought to / didn’t use to
E) can’t have sold
15. A: ---- we paint the kitchen this weekend?
B: We could, but I ---- wait until the weather
gets better because we’ll have to open the 21. We ---- get a visa before we ---- go to Bulgaria.
windows. A) could / would
A) Ought / prefer B) are to / must
B) May / must C) have to / can
C) Can / would like D) may / have to
D) Shall / would sooner E) will / shall
E) Would / had better
16. A: I couldn’t persuade John to come to the 22. I only had a brief chat with Mary at the bus
match with us. He said he couldn’t afford stop, so I ---- to ask her how she ---- on in her
it. new job.
B: You ---- to lend him the money. A) might forget / could get
A: I did, but he said he ---- borrow any money B) forgot / was getting
at the moment. C) have forgotten / used to get
A) have offered / ought not to D) would forget / gets
B) could have offered / would rather not E) must have forgotten / should get
C) may have offered / used not to
D) must have offered / wouldn’t like
E) can offer / had better not

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23. A: Well, I’ve got lots of great ideas, but I 29. Would you mind if I ---- the secretary for half
haven’t written anything down yet. an hour, Mr. Pitt? She has two thousand
leaflets to send out.
B: But you ---- us a written outline of your
section of the project today! A) helping
A: Don’t panic. I’ll do it tomorrow. B) helped
C) help
A) would rather have given
D) have helped
B) were able to give
E) to help
C) must have given
D) were supposed to give 30. A: I missed this week’s episode of “The
Simpsons”. What happened?
E) had to give
B: I don’t know. I don’t watch it any more.
24. Our father ---- a small present for me and my
sister every month when he ---- his salary. A: Why not? I thought you were a fan of the
show like me.
A) was buying / had received
B) has had to buy / was receiving B: Yes, I ---- it three times a week, but now I
go to German lessons every night.
C) must have bought / could receive
D) would buy / received A) used to watch
E) bought / could have received B) had watched
C) must have watched
25. I ---- listening to pop music at all, b ut recently
I have realised that I quite like certain pop - D) have watched
songs. E) was able to watch
A) didn’t use to enjoy 31. I believe you ---- this computer
B) ought not to enjoy programme in your previous job, so you ---- it
difficult at times. Please don’t hesitate to ask
C) must not have enjoyed me for help.
D) can’t have been enjoying
A) didn’t use / might find
E) wasn’t enjoying
B) haven’t used / must find
26. When their baby was born, Lucy ---- up work C) couldn’t use / have found
until they found someone t o look after the
baby. D) may not use / will find
E) hadn’t used / can find
A) must give
B) ought to give 32. Apparently, the man across the road ---- his
car after all because he took down the for -sale
C) had to give sign a week ago and he is still driving to work.
D) used to give
A) used to keep
E) has given
B) had better keep
C) was keeping
27. They had their baby daughter in June and, D) was able to keep
since then, they ---- in restaurants very often. E) is keeping
A) didn’t use to eat
B) couldn’t eat
33. A: Hopefully, Peter booked the tickets for us
C) aren’t supposed to eat yesterday.
D) haven’t been able to eat
B: He ---- them yesterday. The booking office
E) weren’t able to eat is closed on Saturdays.
A: Oh well, I’m sure he’ll order them tomorrow
28. Do you think he ---- to watch the match with then.
us? I know he enjoys football. A) had better not look
A) would sooner B) hasn’t booked
B) had better C) couldn’t have booked
C) would mind D) needn’t have booked
D) preferred E) wasn’t supposed to book
E) would like

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34. A: I didn’t think Paul and Sam were coming to 40. The weather is awful again today. Let’s look in
the picnic. the newspaper. There ---- a good film showing
at the cinema.
B: They ---- their minds.
A) can be
A: Well, it’s nice to see them again. B) had to be
A) would rather change C) would rather be
B) used to change D) might be
C) must have changed E) should have been
D) should have changed 41. Cellulose is indigestible by humans, but
E) had better change herbivores, such as cows and horses, ---- it
because they retain it long enough for
35. I’m glad that I ---- hard to persuade my
digestion by micro-organisms present in their
parents because they were already keen on
digestive system.
the idea.
A) can digest
A) ought not to try
B) have to digest
B) didn’t need to try
C) used to digest
C) needn’t have tried
D) have digested
D) mustn’t try
E) ought to digest
E) wasn’t able to try
42. You ---- all your holiday money on the first
36. When it was completed, the Eiffel Tower ----
day. You will need some for the rest of the
the tallest building in the world, but now there
week.
are many others which are taller than the
Eiffel Tower. A) didn’t use to spend
A) would be B) mustn’t spend
B) must be C) don’t spend
C) used to be D) might not spend
D) was E) haven’t spent
E) has been 43. Using lasers to produce extremely short and
repeatable pulses of light, today scientists ---
37. Cats are very alert to any movement. For this
- events happening in time intervals as short
reason, they will pounce when a victim ---- but
as 1,000 trillionth of a second.
---- prey that remains still.
A) must have measured
A) can move / couldn’t attack
B) were measuring
B) is moving / shouldn’t attack
C) used to measure
C) has moved / aren’t attacking
D) may have measured
D) moved / don’t attack
E) are able to measure
E) moves / may not attack
44. Living cells exist in a variety of shapes; for
38. When I lived in England, I ---- Indian food
example, they ---- cube-shaped or flat.
several times a month, but here in Istanbul
it’s virtually impossible to find. A) may be
A) shall eat B) must be
B) would eat C) were
C) ought to eat D) have been
D) have eaten E) ought to be
E) had eaten
39. A: Mrs. Parkinson ---- three accidents in the 45. We ---- the football match on television
last month. yesterday, but we ---- because there was a
power cut.
B: She ---- a very careful driver, then.
A) should be watching / may not
A: Couldn’t it have been just bad luck?
B) were supposed to watch / haven’t
A) was having / can’t be
C) were going to watch / couldn’t
B) has / shouldn’t be
D) had better watch / needn’t
C) has had / must not be
E) were watching / aren’t
D) is having / wasn’t
E) used to have / isn’t

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46. Oh no, look at the sign! We ---- here. These 52. In parts of Africa, women still ---- water a long
spaces are for doctors an d emergency way to their village.
patients only.
A) used to carry
A) needn’t have parked B) might carry
B) won’t be parking C) could have carried
C) haven’t got to park D) have to carry
D) aren’t supposed to park E) must have carried
E) couldn’t have parked
53. Why did you bother so much trying to change
47. You ---- your children some freedom; your money? You ---- it, you know, as they
otherwise, they will resent you. accept US dollars in Mexico.
A) used to allow A) couldn’t have changed
B) must allow B) haven’t changed
C) have allowed C) didn’t use to change
D) allow D) needn’t have changed
E) are able to allow E) can’t change
48. It’s not easy learning Turkish at home. Do you 54. I’d rather ---- the match on television than
think I ---- an evening course? here in the pouring rain. I’m sure we’ll all
catch a cold!
A) must have taken
B) have taken A) I watched
C) should take B) have watched
D) had to take C) to watch
E) used to take D) to have watched
E) be watching
49. I refused to give my son any money for the
“Mega Death” sweatshirt he wants to buy, but 55. You knew that we had to walk a long way
I’m sure he’ll try to get some from his today, so you really ---- those high heeled
grandmother. I’d really rather she ---- him the shoes. You only have yourself to blame for
money, because I don’t want him to wear your aching feet.
such an awful thing.
A) don’t have to wear
A) didn’t lend B) must not have worn
B) won’t lend C) shouldn’t have worn
C) not to lend D) might not wear
D) not lending E) can’t have worn
E) had better not lend

56. I think Victoria ---- to the party, although she

50. He ---- safety goggles, but he wasn’t and, as a really wants to, because she is flying to Paris
result, the hot steel badly damaged his eyes. the next day and has to pack her things.
A) could have been wearing A) may not come
B) must have been wearing B) couldn’t come
C) had been wearing C) wouldn’t come
D) should be wearing D) didn’t come
E) ought to have been wearing E) must not come

51. I ---- my car last week if I had accepted James’ 57. You ---- this report to the man aging director
offer. He offered me two thousand dollars for personally. Do you understand?
it, but I wanted more.
A) would sooner hand
A) used to sell B) would like to hand
B) could have sold C) may have handed
C) had sold D) are to hand
D) may have sold E) have handed
E) was able to sell

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58. You ---- for the cocktail party after the 64. ----- I get some plates while you are cutting
conference if you are worried about arriving the cake?
home late.
A) Do
A) needn’t have stayed B) Let
B) don’t have to stay C) Shall
C) haven’t stayed D) Did
D) weren’t able to stay E) Would
E) didn’t use to stay
65. We ---- anything tonight. We ---- the leftovers
59. He ---- handball quite often, but his new job from yesterday’s dinner party.
requires him to travel a lot now, so he doesn’t
have time any more. A) didn’t cook / used to eat
B) must not have cooked / will eat
A) must have played
C) won’t have cooked / should eat
B) has to play
D) might not cook / would eat
C) should be playing
E) needn’t cook / can eat
D) could have played
E) used to play
60. Would you mind ---- your cigarette smoke in
my face? It’s getting on my nerves.
A) not to blow
B) didn’t blow
C) not blowing
D) haven’t blown
E) not blow
61. You ---- your jacket on a clothes hanger and
not leave it on the chair. You’ll crease it!
A) must have hung
B) would hang
C) may hang
D) ought to hang
E) will have hung

62. It’s a long journey and there may not be any

restaurants on the way. You ---- something
before you leave.
A) might have eaten
B) would eat
C) had better eat
D) are able to eat
E) must have eaten

63. I knew that Marcus didn’t have much money,

but he has just bought a new car. He ---- the
money from someone.
A) could borrow
B) must have borrowed
C) would rather have borrowed
D) is able to borrow
E) is supposed to borrow

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MODALS PART 1

1 B 21 C 41 A 61 D
2 C 22 B 42 B 62 C
3 B 23 D 43 E 63 B
4 E 24 D 44 A 64 C
5 D 25 A 45 C 65 E
6 A 26 C 46 D
7 C 27 D 47 B
8 C 28 E 48 C
9 E 29 B 49 A
10 B 30 A 50 E
11 D 31 A 51 B
12 C 32 E 52 D
13 A 33 C 53 D
14 A 34 C 54 E
15 D 35 B 55 C
16 B 36 D 56 A
17 C 37 E 57 D
18 E 38 B 58 B
19 A 39 C 59 E
20 E 40 D 60 C

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