UNIVERSIDAD ADVENTISTA DE LAS ANTILLAS

MAYAGUEZ PR

MEDICATION
CARD HOLDER

GRICEL SANTIAGO ARVELO 18 DE NOVIEMBRE DE 2021

Profesor: JULIAN CANO HESC 201 (FA2021):ONLINE

Introducción a Farmacología
INDEX
 PAGE

INTRODUCTION -1-

BRONCHODILATORS -2-3-

INHALED CORTICOSTEROIDS -4-

NONSTEROIDAL ANTIASTHMA MEDICATIONS -5-

INHALED ANTIINFECTIVE AGENTS -6-

MUCOLYTICS -7-

CONCLUSION -8-

REFERECES -9-

INTRODUCTION
Medications related to the respiratory system are intended to increase the caliber of the
respiratory tract to achieve an increase in air flow in the airway, promote gas exchange
and reduce respiratory effort.
Next, we will be getting to know some of these drugs. Among the classifications of
Bronchodilators, Inhaled Corticosteroids, Nonsteroidal Antiasthma Medications, and
Mucolytics.
We will describe each drug with its generic and commercial name, availability, dose
range, adverse effects, contraindications, and cautions.

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 BRONCODILATORS

Bronchodilators - Bronchodilators are medications commonly used by people with

asthma. They relax the muscles around the airways and allow the airways to widen.
NAME AVAILABILITY DOSAGE ADVERSE CONTRAINDICATIONS &
RANGE EFFECTS CAUTIONS
Albuterol DPI: 90 DPI: 1–2 Tachycardia, ● Contraindicated with
(ProAir HFA, mcg/actuation inhalations q4– skeletal muscle hypersensitivity to albuterol;
ProAir MDI: 90 6h as needed tremors, muscle tachyarrhythmias, tachycardia
mcg/actuation NEB: MDI: 2
Respiclick cramping, caused by digitalis glycoside
2.5 mg/3 mL, 2.5 inhalations
Proventil HFA, mg/0.5 mL, 0.63– palpitations, intoxication; general anesthesia
Ventolin HFA) 1.25 mg/3 mL q4–6h as insomnia, with halogenated hydrocarbons
needed NEB: hypokalemia, or cyclopropane (these sensitize
1.25–5 mg increased the myocardium to
q4–6h as needed serum glucose catecholamines); unstable
vasomotor system disorders;
hypertension; coronary
insufficiency, CAD; history of
stroke; COPD patients with
degenerative heart disease.

● Use cautiously with diabetes

mellitus (large
IV doses can aggravate diabetes and
ketoacidosis); hyperthyroidism;
history of seizure disorders;
psychoneurotic individuals.
labor and delivery (oral use has
delayed second stage of labor;
parenteral use of beta2- adrenergic
agonists can accelerate fetal
heartbeat and cause hypoglycemia,
hypokalemia, pulmonary edema in
the mother and hypoglycemia in
the neonate); lactation; the elderly
(more sensitive to CNS effects).

Levalbuterol MDI: 45 MDI: 2 Tremor, rhinitis, ● Contraindicated with

(Xopenex) mcg/actuation inhalations viral infection, hypersensitivity to albuterol or
NEB: 0.31, 0.63, q4–6h as headache, levalbuterol; tachyarrhythmia
1.25 mg/ needed nervousness, tachycardia caused by digoxin
3 mL, 1.25 mg/0.5 NEB: 0.31–1.25
mL mg asthma, toxicity; general anesthesia with
q6–8h pharyngitis, rash halogenated hydrocarbons or
cyclopropane; unstable vasomotor
system disorders; hypertension;
coronary insufficiency, coronary
artery disease; history of stroke.
● Use cautiously in
psychoneurotic individuals and
with hyperthyroidism; history of
 seizure disorders; pregnancy;
lactation.

Salmeterol DPI: 50 mcg/blister DPI: 50 mcg Headache, ● Contraindicated with

(Serevent q12h nasal hypersensitivity to salmeterol,
Diskus) congestion, acute asthma attack, worsening or
pharyngitis, deteriorating asthma (life-
sinusitis, threatening),
respiratory Acute airway obstruction, treatment
infections of asthma without concurrent use
of a long-term Asthma-control
medication such as an inhaled
corticosteroid.
● Use cautiously with pregnancy,
lactation.

Arformoterol NEB: 15 mcg/2 mL NEB: 15 Pain, diarrhea, ● Contraindicated with allergy to

(Brovanna) mcg 2 sinusitis, leg any component of the drug,
times/day cramps, acutely deteriorating COPD,
dyspnea, rash, acute bronchospasm, asthma
flu without the use of a long-term
syndrome, control medication.
peripheral
edema
● Usecautiously with CV
disease, convulsive
disorders, thyrotoxicosis.

Indacaterol DPI: 75 DPI: 75 mcg Headache, pain, ● Contraindicated with history of

(Arcapta) mcg/capsule once daily throat irritation, serious hypersensitivity reactions
nasal to indacaterol, asthma,
congestion, deteriorating COPD.
bronchitis,
pharyngitis ● Use cautiously with convulsive
disorders, thyrotoxicosis, CV
disorders, known sensitivity to
sympathomimetic, pregnancy, and
lactation.

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 INHALED CORTICOSTEROIDS
Inhaled Corticosteroids - Act directly in the lungs to inhibit the inflammatory
process that causes asthma.
NAME AVAILABILITY DOSAGE ADVERSE CONTRAINDICATIONS
RANGE EFFECTS & CAUTIONS
Budesonide DPI: (Flexhaler): DPI: (Flexhaler): Headache, ● Contraindicated with
(Pulmicort 90,180 mcg/ 180– nausea, hypersensitivity to drug or for relief
Flexhaler, inhalation DPI: 720 mcg 2 respiratory of acute asthma or bronchospasm.
Pulmicort (Turbuhaler): times/day infection, rhinitis
DPI: (Turbuhaler):
Respules) 200 mcg/ 400– ● Use cautiously with TB, systemic
inhalation NEB: 2,400 mcg/ day infections, lactation.
(Respules): 0.25, in 2–4 divided
0.5 mg/2 m doses NEB: Oral
(Respules): ● Contraindicated with
250–500 hypersensitivity to drug,
mcg 1–2 lactation.
times/day or 1 ● Use cautiously with TB,
mg once daily hypertension, diabetes mellitus,
osteoporosis, peptic ulcer disease,
glaucoma, cataracts, family history
of diabetes or glaucoma, other
conditions in which
glucocorticosteroids may have
unwanted effects.
Nasal
● Contraindicatedwith
hypersensitivity to drug, nasal
infections, nasal trauma, nasal
septal ulcers, and recent nasal
surgery.

Beclomethasone MDI: 40, 80 MDI: 40–320 mcg Cough, ● Respiratory inhalant therapy:
(Qvar)
mcg/inhalation 2 hoarseness, Contraindicated with acute
times/day headache, asthmatic attack, status
pharyngitis asthmaticus. Use caution with
systemic fungal infections (may
cause exacerbations), allergy to any
ingredient, status asthmaticus,
lactation.

● Intranasal therapy:
Use caution with untreated local
infections (may cause
exacerbations), nasal septal ulcers,
recurrent epistaxis, nasal surgery
or trauma (interferes with
healing); lactation.

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 NONSTEROIDAL ANTIASTHMA MEDICATIONS
Nonsteroidal Antiasthma Medications -Are used for the prophylactic management of
asthma. They are not to be administered during an acute asthma attack because they do
not provide immediate relief.
NAME AVAILABILITY DOSAGE RANGE ADVERSE CONTRAINDICATIONS &
EFFECTS CAUTIONS
Montelukast T: 4 mg, 5 mg, 10 A: 10 mg/day Dyspepsia, ● Contraindicated with
(Singulair) mg increased LFTs, hypersensitivity to
C: (6–14 yrs): 5 cough, nasal montelukast or any of its
mg/day congestion, components; acute asthma
headache, attacks; status asthmaticus.
C: (2–5 yrs): 4 dizziness,
mg/day fatigue ● Use cautiously with
pregnancy and lactation.

Zafirlukast T: 10 mg, 20 mg A, C: (12 yrs Headache, ● Contraindicated with

(Accolate) and older): 20 nausea, hypersensitivity to zafirlukast
mg 2 times/day diarrhea, or any of its components, acute
C: (5–11 yrs): 10 infection asthma attacks, status
mg 2 asthmaticus, and hepatic
times/day
impairment including hepatic
cirrhosis.

● Use cautiously in patients

who previously required
corticosteroid therapy to
control asthma; with renal
impairment; as oral steroid
use is decreased; pregnancy;
lactation.

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 INHALED ANTIIFECTIVE AGENTS
Inhaled anti-infective agents - Inhaled anti-infective are agents that act locally, in the lungs to treat
infection. Inhaled antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infection and antiviral medicines treat viral
infections.  
NAME  AVAILABILITY  DOSAGE ADVERSE CONTRAINDICATIONS
RANGE  EFFECTS  & CAUTIONS 
tobramycin  Inhalation ADULTS, Hypotension, ● Contraindicated with
(TOBI, Tobrex)  Powder: (TOBI  CHILDREN  nausea, vomiting  hypersensitivity to 
Podhaler): 28 mg 6 YRS AND aminoglycosides;
in a capsule.  OLDER: 300 mg pregnancy, lactation. 
Nebulization: q12h  ● Use cautiously with
(TOBI): 60 mg/  28 days on, 28 patients who are elderly 
mL.  days off. or who have diminished
(Tobi Podhaler):  hearing, decreased 
Four 28-mg renal function,
capsules twice  dehydration,
daily for 28 days neuromuscular 
followed by 28 disorders (myasthenia
days  gravis, parkinsonism, 
off.  infant botulism), herpes,
vaccinia, varicella, 
mycobacterial infections,
fungal infections. 
zanamivir  Powder for ADULTS, Diarrhea, sinusitis,  ● Contraindicated with
zan-am-i-veer  Inhalation: 5 ELDERLY, nausea, bronchitis, allergy to any component 
(Relenza Diskhaler)  mg/blister.  CHILDREN  cough, of the drug. 
7 YRS AND dizziness, headache.  ● Use cautiously with
OLDER: 2 pregnancy, lactation,
inhalations (one  asthma, 
5-mg blister per COPD, or severe medical
inhalation for conditions. 
total dose 
of 10 mg) twice
daily
(approximately
12 
hrs apart) for 5
days. 

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 MUCOLYTICS
Mucolytics - Are used to increase the output of bronchial secretions, enhance the clearance of
bronchial exudate, and promote a productive cough.
NAME AVAILABILITY DOSAGE ADVERSE CONTRAINDICATIONS &
RANGE EFFECTS CAUTIONS
N-acetylcysteine Solution: 10%, SVN: 3–5 mL Nausea, ● Contraindicated with
10% 20% stomatitis hypersensitivity to
N-
Bronchospasm, acetylcysteine; use caution
acetylcysteine
Rhinorrhea and discontinue
20%
immediately if
(Mucomyst)
Antidotal use bronchospasm occurs.
Rash Nausea,
vomiting, Antidotal use
● Use caution with
Anaphylactoid esophageal varices, peptic
reactions ulcer.
Dornase Solution : 1mg, SVN: 2.5 chest pain No contraindications other
alfa 1mL mg/ampule, (pleuritic), pyrexia, than hamster protein
(Pulmozy 1 ampule conjunctivitis, hypersensitivity or
me) qd dyspepsia, hypersensitivity to the
dysphonia, product or its ingredients
pharyngitis, are known.
dyspnea, laryngitis,
rhinitis, decreased Cautions Dornase alfa
lung function, rash, should be used only with
urticaria other standard treatments
for cystic fibrosis

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 CONCLUSION

Breathing correctly restores us to physical health, revitalizes the body, increases mental
capacity and harmony, and reduces the possibility of getting sick.
We conclude this work, recognizing the importance of fully knowing each one of the
medications that we will administer to our patients, by taking care of the management of
the patient's airway from the onset of the disease. We as Respiratory Therapists are an
essential part of the team of health professionals in charge of restoring respiratory health
to our patients.

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 REFERENCES

References:
Karch, A. M. (2013). Lippincott’s Nursing Drug Guide 2014 (1.a ed.). Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins. Kizior, R. J., & Hodgson, K. (2020). Saunders Nursing
Drug Handbook 2021 (1.a ed.). Saunders.
Staff, P., & Reference, P. D. (2014). 2015 Physicians’ Desk Reference, 69th Edition
(69th 2015 ed.). PDR Network.

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