Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Artigo Tradução
Artigo Tradução
doi:10.1017/S1368980013002139
Review Article
Artigo de revisão
Relações entre alimentação intuitiva e indicadores de saúde:
revisão da literatura
Submitted 11 September 2012: Final revision received 18 June 2013: Accepted 8 July 2013: First published online 21 a
August 2013 r
t
Enviado em 11 de setembro de 2012: Revisão final recebida em 18 de junho de 2013: Aceito em i
c
8 de julho de 2013: Primeira publicação online em 21 de agosto de 2013
l
e
Abstract c
o
Objective: To review the peer-reviewed literature on relationships
n
between intuitive eating and health indicators and suggest areas of
c
inquiry for future research. We define the fundamental principles of
l
intuitive eating as: (i) eating when hungry; (ii) stopping eating when
u
no longer hungry/full; and (iii) no restrictions on types of food eaten
d
unless for medical reasons.
e
Design: We include articles cited by PubMed, PsycInfo and Science
s
Direct published in peer-reviewed journals or theses that include
‘intuitive eating’ or related concepts in the title or abstract and that w
test relationships between intuitive eating and physical or mental i
health indicators. t
Results: We found twenty-six articles that met our criteria: seventeen h
cross-sectional survey studies and nine clinical studies, eight of which
were randomised controlled trials. The cross-sectional surveys s
indicate that intuitive eating is negatively asso- ciated with BMI, e
positively associated with various psychological health indicators, and v
possibly positively associated with improved dietary intake and/or e
eating behaviours, but not associated with higher levels of physical r
activity. From the clinical studies, we conclude that the a
implementation of intuitive eating results in weight maintenance but l
perhaps not weight loss, improved psychological health, possibly
improved physical health indicators other than BMI (e.g. blood s
pressure; cholesterol levels) and dietary intake and/or eating u
behaviours, but probably not higher levels of physical activity. g
Conclusions: Research on intuitive eating has increased in recent g
years. Extant research demonstrates substantial and consistent e
associations between intuitive s
eating and both lower BMI and better psychological health. Additional t
research can add to the breadth and depth of these findings. The i
Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. 11 Nov 2021 at 22:55:09, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use.
ons for future research.
Rates of overweight and obesity have been In response to the failure of restricted-energy
increasing rapidly in much of the world over the diets to reduce individuals’ body mass in the
past 40 years(1). Obesity has been linked to higher long term and/or in reaction to the possible link
mortality rates(2) and such diseases as type II between dieting and disordered eating, some
diabetes, CVD, osteoarthritis and some cancers(3). clinicians have begun to explore an approach to
The traditional approach to weight loss has been weight management known as ‘intuitive eating’,
to restrict food intake (i.e. ‘go on a diet’) and sometimes also referred to as ‘normal eating’ or
exercise more. Such an approach, however, is ‘adaptive eating’. Its basic tenets are to respond to
generally unsuccessful in decreasing body mass innate hunger and satiety signals (i.e. eat when
in the long term(4–6). Moreover, there is evidence hungry and stop when satiated, without
that dieting, and particularly repeated dieting restrictions on types of food consumed)(13).
attempts (i.e. ‘yo-yo dieting’), may be harmful to Numerous pressures exist to disregard such
both physical and mental health(4,7,8). There is also signals: food advertisements encourage eating
research indicating that rates of eating disorders, regardless of hunger; restaurants serve overly large
which may have their genesis in low-energy por- tions; diets promote the eating of prescribed
diets(9,10), appear to be increasing in recent foods in set quantities. Moreover, since children
times(11,12). learn how to eat from
Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. 11 Nov 2021 at 22:55:09, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use.
As taxas de sobrepeso e obesidade têm aumentado Em resposta ao fracasso das dietas com restrição de
rapidamente em grande parte do mundo nos últimos energia em reduzir a massa corporal dos indivíduos a
40 anos (1). A obesidade tem sido associada a taxas de longo prazo e / ou em reação à possível ligação entre
mortalidade mais altas (2) e doenças como diabetes dieta e alimentação desordenada, alguns médicos
tipo II, DCV, osteoartrite e alguns tipos de câncer (3). A começaram a explorar uma abordagem de controle de
abordagem tradicional para perda de peso tem sido peso conhecida como 'intuitiva comer ', por vezes
restringir a ingestão de alimentos (ou seja, "fazer também referido como' alimentação normal 'ou'
dieta") e praticar mais exercícios. Essa abordagem, no alimentação adaptativa '. Seus princípios básicos são
entanto, geralmente não tem sucesso na redução da responder aos sinais inatos de fome e saciedade (ou
massa corporal em longo prazo (4–6). Além disso, há seja, comer quando estiver com fome e parar quando
evidências de que fazer dieta e, particularmente, estiver saciado, sem restrições aos tipos de alimentos
tentativas repetidas de dieta (ou seja, "dieta ioiô") consumidos) (13). Existem inúmeras pressões para
podem ser prejudiciais à saúde física e mental (4,7,8). ignorar esses sinais: anúncios de alimentos encorajam
Também há pesquisas que indicam que as taxas de comer independentemente da fome; restaurantes
transtornos alimentares, que podem ter sua gênese servem porções excessivamente grandes; as dietas
em dietas de baixa energia (9,10), parecem estar promovem a ingestão de alimentos prescritos em
aumentando nos últimos tempos (11,12). quantidades definidas. Além disso, uma vez que as
crianças aprendem a comer a partir de
Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. 11 Nov 2021 at 22:55:09, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use.
1758 N Van Dyke and EJ
Drinkwater
their parents, this disregard for innate hunger and (Tylka IES-2), argue that Intuitive Eating
satiety signals is taught to the next generation(14). comprises four central features:
Although the past 10 to 15 years has seen (i) unconditional permission to eat when hungry
considerable media coverage and numerous self- and what food is desired; (ii) eating for physical
help books published on the topic of intuitive rather than emo- tional reasons; (iii) reliance on
eating and related non-dieting approaches, to internal hunger and satiety cues to determine
our knowledge there are no reviews sum- when and how much to eat; and
marizing research on this topic. The purpose of (iv) honouring one’s health, or practising ‘gentle
the current literature review is to present and nutrition’. Hawks et al.(17), who developed an
summarize the scholarly literature on alternative Intuitive Eating Scale (Hawks IES),
associations between intuitive eating and summarise the Intuitive Eating model as consisting
physical and psychological health outcome of: (i) intrinsic eating – the ability to recognise the
measures. physical signs of hunger, satisfaction and fullness;
(ii) extrinsic eating – consideration of a full range of
food possibilities and eating what one wants; (iii)
Background anti- dieting – appreciation of food and paying
attention to the
Origins of ‘intuitive eating’
The term ‘intuitive eating’ was coined in 1995 (15)
and first appeared in a peer-reviewed journal
in 1998(16). Given the attention paid to ‘the
obesity epidemic’ among public health officials
and the medical community and the 15 years
that have passed since Gast and Hawks published
their article(16) outlining the potential benefits of an
intuitive eating approach, it is surprising how
little research on this topic was published in
peer-reviewed academic journals until recently.
Anglin (34)
(2012)
university
students--
Do
wn
loa
de
d
fro
m In
htt Table 1 Continued tu
ps: iti
// ve
ww ea
w.c
Cross-sectional ti
am survey studies ng
bri
Method Outco an
dg
d
e.o ology mes
rg/
he
- Improv Higher Improv Improve alt
cor
- ed levels ed d
e. -
(other) of dietary h
11
How sample physical physica intake/ psychol in
health l eating ogical
No di
v
Lower ca
Study Non- Sample Sampl chosen indicato activity behavio health
20 diet e size rs? ? urs? indicato
21 approac rs?
h BMI/weight?
at
22:
Hawks(17)
et al. IE University studentsyy 391 Random Yes No
(2004)
55: Hawks(38)
et al. IE University students 2334 Convenience
09,
(2004) in Japan, Yes---
Thailand, China, the
su Philippines, USA
bje Tylka (2006)(13) IE Female university Study Convenience Yes Yes
ct
students|||| 1: n
199;
to study
the 2: n
Tylka and Wilcox IE Female university 476 Convenience Yes
Ca (2006)(21) students Study
mb 1: n
rid
340;
study
ge 2: n
Co Avalos(23)
and Tylka IE Female university 397 Convenience Yes
(2006) students Study
1: n
181;
study
2: n
Banks (2008)(40) IE Mostly university 416 Self-selected; No
students 32
some snowball
Convenience Yes
Framson et al. M General 303 No
(2009)(32) E populationzz
Nielson (2009)(39) IE Female university 218 Random Yes No
students***
Kroon IE University students 288 Convenience Yes
Van Diest
and
Tylka
(2010)
(14)
Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. 11 Nov 2021 at 22:55:09, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use.
Intuitive eating and health indicators
Conclusões
Gaps/future research
20. Tylka TL & Kroon Van Diest AM (2013) The 33. Dockendorff SA, Petrie TA, Greenleaf CA et
Intuitive Eating Scale-2: item refinement and al. (2012) Intuitive Eating Scale: an
psychometric evaluation with examination among early adoles-
college women and men. J Couns Psychol 60, cents. J Couns Psychol 59, 604–611.
137–153. 34. Anglin JC (2012) Assessing the effectiveness of
21. Tylka TL & Wilcox JA (2006) Are intuitive intuitive eating for weight loss – pilot study.
eating and eating Nutr Health 21, 107–116.
disorder symptomatology opposite poles of 35. Cole RE & Horacek T (2010) Effectiveness of
the same construct? J Couns Pyschol 53, the ‘My Body
474–485. Knows When’ intuitive-eating pilot program.
22. Augustus-Horvath CL & Tylka TL (2011) The Am J Health Behav 34, 286–297.
acceptance 36. Leblanc V, Provencher V, Begin C et al. (2012)
model of intuitive eating: a comparison of Impact of a
women in emerging adulthood, early Health-At-Every-Size intervention on changes
adulthood, and middle adult- in dietary intakes and eating patterns in
hood. J Couns Psychol 58, 110–125. premenopausal overweight women: results
23. Avalos LC & Tylka TL (2006) Exploring a of a randomized trial. Clin Nutr 31, 481–488.
model of intuitive eating with college 37. Bradshaw AJ, Horwath CC, Katzer L et al. (2010)
women. J Couns Pyschol 53, 486–497. Non-dieting
24. Oh KH, Wiseman MC, Hendrickson J et al. group interventions for overweight and obese
(2012) Testing women: what predicts non-completion and
the acceptance model of intuitive eating does completion improve
with college women athletes. Psychol
Women Q 36, 88–98. outcomes? Public Health Nutr 13, 1622–1638.
25. Madden CE, Leong SL, Gray A et al. 38. Hawks SR, Merrill RM, Madanat HN et al.
(2012) Eating in (2004) Intuitive
response to hunger and satiety signals is eating and the nutrition transition in Asia. Asia
Pac J Clin Nutr 13, 194–203.
related to BMI in a nationwide sample of 39. Nielson AC (2009) Intuitive eating and its
1601 mid-age New Zealand women. relationship with
Public Health Nutr 15, 2272–2279. physical activity motivation. MA Thesis, Utah State
26. Bacon L, Stern JS, Van Loan MD et al. University.
(2005) Size 40. Banks AW (2008) Nutritional analyses of
acceptance and intuitive eating improve intuitive eaters as compared to dieters. MA
health for obese, female chronic dieters. J Thesis, Utah State University.
Am Diet Assoc 105, 929–936.
27. Crerand CE, Wadden TA, Foster GD et al. 41. Iannantuono AC & Tylka TL (2012)
(2007) Changes Interpersonal and intrapersonal links to body
in obesity-related attitudes in women appreciation in college women:
seeking weight reduction. Obesity (Silver
Spring) 15, 740–747. an exploratory model. Body Image 9, 227–235.
28. Provencher V, Begin C, Tremblay A et al. 42. Leske S, Strodl E & Hou X (2012) A qualitative
(2009) Health-At- study of the
Every-Size and eating behaviors: 1-year determinants of dieting and non-dieting
follow-up results of a size acceptance approaches in overweight/obese Australian
intervention. J Am Diet Assoc 109, 1854–1861. adults. BMC Public Health 12, 1086–1098.
29. Gagnon-Girouard MP, Begin C, Provencher V 43. Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Ogden CL et al. (2010)
et al. (2010) Prevalence
Psychological impact of a ‘Health-at-Every- and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999–
2008. JAMA
Size’ interven- tion on weight-preoccupied 303, 235–241.
overweight/obese women. 44. Webb JB & Hardin AS (2012) A preliminary
J Obes 2010, 928097. evaluation of
30. Hawley G, Horwath C, Gray A et al. (2008) BMI status in moderting changes in body
Sustainability of composition and eating behavior in
health and lifestyle improvements following ethnically-diverse first-year college
a non-dieting randomised trial in overweight
women. Prev Med 47, 593–599. women. Eat Behav 13, 402–405.
45. Denny KN, Loth K, Eisenberg ME et al. (2012)
31. Outland L (2010) Intuitive eating: a holistic Intuitive eating
approach to weight control. Holist Nurs in young adults. Who is doing it, and how is it
Pract 24, 35–43. related to disordered eating behaviors?
32. Framson C, Kristal AR, Schenk JM et al. Appetite 60C, 13–19.
(2009) Develop-
ment and validation of the mindful eating
questionnaire.
J Am Diet Assoc 109, 1439–1444.