aller Riz excution-tbe old meaning had vanished, Hence the fanda- ‘mental diiculy ofthe present translation i that flpo/fipina amo hays appear inthe anachrositc form of Filipino Flip: for example bell sexo ests represntado por espaol peninsulars y Mpa” Che {airs being represented by peninsular and creole Spanish women’) irene Serbia "he a ex ingested by Sanh ele cand Filipinas” Janae Tecthe oenins cn fb pola ud gun comply ext gan dob en Ms Lan Laan a toh hada Sunve chong. When Rist fade Frc i eBay smerny a fe Cah mocingy ised te Tay fo coe Semi macho show how unt noy had wen et ld the aang Ti apes when oc nls the nord ny shoal Enos tM got Inet he mache nanny Tp Pee hae shes ni wna me Spr so se inti bt gute pom mesa ear ‘trond rahe cet Tenia per beasng Tale Sst hints tan’ anon oa hot pnt as hig Good Dy Fry the Nori arcana The imtoo ha Sean wi Ras ogc edo ot ‘atone Th afew pepe to a honored inte own oy nd an anna recon hs hh ds i anranity Mr Lacesn sans hint pete pet an tc hi td ad stun ng, Anit tly seed ie that al hw spree he pro whe oda bie pondnos etd a cate enn as {_—————$——— Hard to Imagine eee ca a eae in ep re aa Se cee kalas para Det ke i a ae aaa nie tnge gnc me enable Cate aeanaaroe Fe eee eee fate ee ee Sect cians mesma Mee er ea heen Se ee armameer eat mex ree in teh ee ts ome ais ii mieten hogy ameccies ig ee Aare ete ca Seo tieaertaneececcem seca ann agen ee Se eee eer racen nome eign 89 23 percent he en ion a a ea Eagan Sh pra Ioe an etc anah Coane cu an Namie fe Ppa erence fir tee er ane hh vero f CE, Dei eeSexe only appropri in the era of independence to sponsor asthe ci, ofthe ceniconialceebrations, a prize competition for the best new san, ‘The competion was however, not merely ancecasion fo tonal remem. ‘rane. tn the mide 195 against most expectations the Here fad become the centre ofa biter political conttoves: In reprisal for wha they rgd os ‘bigoted intervention inthe ations electoral process ycetain rior nee tes of the ultr-conservatie Catholic hierarchy, 1 group of senators end congressmen sponsored a bil making the reading of Rizal two novels ‘quired fr all tuen', wheter in stator private chools The Chu was ut in a dificult spot. The ci villains ofboth aonels ae clerics: broad Franciscans lascivious Domioicans power-hungry fst Bath texts emt beilian pages meres satirzing the benighted medieval of incon ‘zary Church thinking and pastoral practi While the Hieatly nas qi happy to commemorate Rizal asa national hero, nda claimed te! be ha ‘recanted al his Masonic and dest views on the ev of his encion tna strongly opposed to paish-school students eating mich of what te pect ‘man had writen. Various poi! comdissensved, tb outro hich asa tctical vitory anda strate defeat or the Church Students wee sot ‘equi o read hse wo particulates others ks nfamanaory, mph be substituted. But the Hierarchy was put, a ts adversaries intended he embarassing postion of appearing t censor the Fest Filipina ‘Among those stimulated by the competition to undertake new rash ‘ion was Leon Ma. Guereero (1915-82), at that time the Philippine ‘Ambassador to the Court of St, Jes I will have more to say about Guerrero later is enough to note here tht his Maem translations wore ‘ery succesful and quickly supplanted al older versions i highachool ad. "nies brass As Doreen Femander noted they have cee "ie sal ‘eultion(s} anybody reads now ™ Iti sat sy tha virtually all today young and middle-aged Filipinos who have actually read the noves a “American have read them in Guero’ version, ‘When I first ead thse translations perhape twenty years ago, knew no Spanish and since they read so eniy and smoothly it never oscured to omen pees emo scuba Raat tae ints ieee Soaenchenasar carina argc ea Birinci ns a ‘aS Ue Pre 80), p79, 18 Seana —— a here war ning rca bth ‘meno 16 anon knw te ay sa hen ipa yan apo ing old oda rae aie ‘Spl ha et oe Sp a ce 1 ah ery rgb Nolan th Finke gna nih Gere a Ee ac cin pif ne ye eadng gue Bah Mineo hn Guess ws tema done them ‘Susy Si ee man opcnon ad Sesto, ans eo complty fn Sih seemed MANY ctu dtorons cod etude oar cn Nh hr The suggestion nh oman hepa ha {low tha they wee Caused mainly by «fundamental hangs national see ncn and de st nd abby te alin ‘isin ater nen ffi aoa. 2 Thurgood Gere No senor mind tui sang fetes of bis Itedaction He began by describing is tantionean een eps er ean ‘Taping Fp so ve i od he we ee “hong oh Eng speatng rope i cot ena Httteslaons he contac wr nico. ogi eno ery wh sh hs ny tg onstrate iin ty ier Perea capgtntocieore enon athe SepuSuncton nat kad ne sul teed nh umcos Spay thn eae hp son not ee pepe nds mey oem Fos Pctarty no Srna ter sine ede hee Innis new version he vd ed og “he svt ompsin: the Nos Rizal might hae wien iif een sting Engl for the present generation of Filipinos” Finally be Shred that, yi ape toe Ss RELANLE Sate beimor tod and sos hr modern Engh i moron “ora fre edi HS nm nied conte eee Ove prado tse a Pn tr ont cre mien ioe a aswets sowed ye the ute iby of paraphrasing cera usages he igh otbervie have provokes opts nine parca ac ine imei Chr nan ehh seep of pra oF ‘hs is emthing pil about hos inrodssory comments The ‘national hero's novel is to be made “palatable” to a younger genera 2 Flipinos igh-school and calle sant), “whoo lense hae agg sf itecstons fifo seety yay ck il fe re ‘si Rial wee wring nthe 1950 fe Goer omtenpotti be Peraprved pen sophisicted gta cen he means pois ing sentation of Fipine sentinel iets ney that Conse thought highchool stuns much shen osophiited tigcsing, oe ‘igh suri the tiga adn ind mere ones ea American and English readers Bowderetion and meserntion abou hich Goer is gui faa. ness the mesa) ann means for keeping Rizal alive for Filipino youth, and, his Flip no ath, and peering is Fp sry rom Anglo Saton mirth, So far mo er, Vel wt Guetta did with the Noli scems—at frst sight er thes sated purposes ‘One coud summarize the hy lemons o — mens of Geret'straslaton sae ich s quite consent employed ove the hundreds of pages compra ‘the Nol—under the following (somewhat abr td) wren rubres 0 have almost no connection with DEMODERNIZATION candi of Ra oor i ht allo esr fe Nl destin the cc ps and thn the dominant ese ite po, he oe ‘frequent glissando modulations into the present. Yet, every such ies . a ‘systematically turned by Guerrero into the ° es ps. For camps onthe woe ka oping pag Ril malo writer "Cia oa ch elon ori to en mundo dn paritios moses exes qu Dono 62 s infin bond, on crfouanente malin ca ia (a {9M Dns ih oie ror hsp “Ue a ee shrek the neva [Do Sage deo Sintra hgh hr Pants songs ad gncres wham Gol eel hi aie fee nd chy life han” Car, mee ‘rendered the final phrases as: “whom God, in his infinite wisdom, had created. and so fondiy multiplied ia Manila” (p. 1; here - ‘onthe teat etnel ~ dot), Another simple example ie pusage where Rizal iter satiric the ‘Noy tat the rch tomnsflk of "San Diego” abuse the poor, while piousty paving for indulgences and masses for the departed soul from whom they ie kere het properties "A fe qu la Justicia dsina no parce ta ex tne como ta humana” (j73). Tis meas: “In truth, divine Junie ses AE Gamunding than that ef humanity” Guerrero, however, wrote: “They found tes to sty divine than human jstie” (p79) in cory instance the effect of Guerreros alterations is Hot a all to spate” Riza noel but ates ops i deep into an antique past 1805, it Reaiahed to ensure himel that God no Tonge Fondly maltipesparasies fad spongers in Mania, and has finally bocome no es demanding fjst= than suman EXCLUSION OF THE READER ‘Throughout the novel Rizal regalary tums and speaks to the read. Asif Tlthor and reader were ghosts or angels they penetrate avs tthe ‘ihor’ glefal invitation, into monkish Ells ladies’ boudoiy, ad the Governor Genet palace to eaendrop together on what there rasp ‘Ger Th technique sts time aside and sucks the reader dep into the sae ative; enguing her emotions teasing hee curiosity, and fering et Talis voyeuristic pleasures Gn acd way, the technique antispas hat ‘rie cinema). A simple examples the transition Detween @ sene where Thther Damaso pushes Don Smtigo into the ater sty for a eee om fibulaon, and the following scene which features some ively homing teeween two Dominicans Ral writes p45) “Cpn. Tago se pos nat ort el wo de a palabra pero obedei ysgui dete del colosal ser Jove que ooré detras de sx puerta, Mientras confeencian en secret, “omguemeon qo se ha hecho de Pr Sibyl.” Or “Capitan Tiago became apne, an ont his togue, bt abesed and fllosed fer the colensal rest ‘tho eck the door being him, While the ae conferring in secrete Tind out what has happened to Fr, Sibyl.” Guerreros version goes “He thade Capita Tiago 30 unety he was unable to reply. and obediently fl Towed te burly pric who closed the door behind them. Meantime in [other part of the ity the scholarly Dowinica, Father Sibyl, had It ik pais house" (P 48). th more comple instances provided in he opening chaper where Rizal .pegnte ora ile de invite, sanyo sion on bY ura 4th os acondes {bien oh tngue mses aig enemigos gO‘ergs else nc det ait y ecb hoe emi en Peden Co te or Smead mise shar de dep ec po oe fy os por scram pansy Sos as ‘orvugas son tambien lax mortales de Filipinas (p. 2) e This is ough See hte no porter eran requeig hing entation id ‘roel ups der se oven end, utero the in fhe sree ahi tg king on {anit you wih sou rea enh eo Ooh the out Yr sso ey tmgerun, sew ne mena ek pea ‘emesis coin tl Ihde ns sts morta the Pipes aoe es, ask verre astonishingly sendeed this splendour No prt or fotman wal hare asked he vitor or mit ‘ou ve oe pe, trated y testa of onsale fe ei of ahead hid pps egy sha terra pent cit et tone ‘std aed secrding ote shel a nd ind in ther rege he tat ini ae Philippines tne we res Atastoke Rizal's wily insinuatn cist i iy ne woe i muted, int wal ist up ad, nce ei yg cr porary in the text is duste w neo ray it the tet std aay to Hy Ht eo gy ha rr ect ihe pop nt en ne fend Pipi te nas mil Cid tn led ‘bral Pre og x mre edema pa, amie & en? Who at he enemigos? Sure oto Suey St Spann Atel he Nal ar iten aap cena ism of Filipino youth, and for the Filipino People! What on eurth wa ‘Spanish readers be doing “inside it™® "a an ia ny as op a tl mt hor rng ahi gate ano To MAGINE sy EXCISION OF TAGALOG Rizal's Spanish tex is bejeweled ith Tagaloz words and expressions ‘Sometimes they are deployed for sheer comic elec, sometimes fo deepen the reader sense ofthe cont between peninsula Spnia cele, mestizos find nding But most often they simply eet, as di the Anplo-Indan that ‘developed in Victorian ines, the cs penetration of the imperil veraet- lary cal lnguages For example the brutal peninsular Franciscan, Father ‘Damaso, may sa. "Cualquir bata de [a excel io sbel”(p 16). Baan the ‘Taplog word fr acid of either se, but hae clearly means "bo." Guero {p19 tansaed this as: “Any schoolboy knows as much'™ ay if Rial hod Phiten machace rater than uta In other places, Tagalog words such as Taker (a typeof lcs ba), rosin (a type of kerosene lamp), parses (Tagalog led), o snigon (kind of cal food, far rom beng Kept nti tiga orm—vhere they would be iueditey fama o young Fipino ‘eador ofthe exly 1960s were rendered asi rom the Spanish, as “ative raw hat" “rude lamp.” conte shod" and “ative dish. Similars the ‘Tagalog cxlamations mak, aba, and suamarisep—with which almost ll the characters lace thet Spanish conversations—were somal oi tated ©‘This easton stance is epacially strange in hat one ean hal Imagine oven the most Americanized Filipinos ofthe cat 196s speaking ‘ach other of ative has” and “native ies" Furthermors, most ahabi. {ante of Manila were by then quite familie with some form or otber of "Tala in which theres constant interchange and fasion between Tagalog and Engish—so thatthe mestzo language ofthe orginal Nol would sey have sso! agreeably “contemporary Once agin, it mination in he Iransaion serves to distance ater than fia the national hero. BOWDLERIZATION [ns plain that Guerrero bomdleried many passages which made him uncom forable passages allding to politcal or rigious maiter as well as swear ttords and references to boy functions A ice example ofthe Fist ty passage where Rial discues the superstitions veneration of Capitan Tigo foreertain religious mags: Meee Nap 21, an 35 wih 7h La Bp. 17, 29 an 05 IDB Got sie tt rnd Ta on ten staced weg rai pat ay Teg cat ar! nm ak ‘i Nepean erent, Te Wr nde Ma pp. 86No hb vis pars proprio ots os Cristo dos onl eon de at Ste Palabras weve dale le aben 4 comp y tes veces prvecind oe yo pits dete merry anemia a 0? GS [Novotna sto al pracor eer al pblon al tomea dl crs de lez, un patel manchado de sung hams 4 Hora ‘smene cuando. pra esgrac Se musta, pos er wn mean gue ‘gull rs bose mange dena paling, nds 9 soa cunt poe dese Vier santo -yelsocttan eat psa (28) ‘Thin means oushl aoe ore oe elena ere fen simpy: Had ot so wth ism it es img Ci daring the Good iy sermons on he Ses Last Won he ‘aking wad unsng thr hearin Movi ees a pow ee ‘Boal he meen nhc a ine al pte so et a ‘station (p22, It se thai on hing forthe Chinese eae Sreduny tobe lds bsg enter opr the Fr Fp ne sun worn to och br rechoods es weaizeen Ti iceneteseeh ieeaal ents eae nena sa nay ike second tence Rizal eqn hat hohe carr ew ing the poe comsetonp-"Thn"p_ my sil he meso cspresion pani h sicher! the Span pt whore arn the Talo y(t vey mutters where!" (Fe cre word oe bears ase o aes. trey on Mail ney and aly oe tat ey sh ets ee canine ee tient cone teen ation fom te Royal Asan of Made Standard Spa Sconary—which w coud ener eck of" vey lo tower Guene ce abl “p—" compo ede 8 anni nore bey“ 90" oe wander abot Me tna connion single pio one oe: Bava ui dn, of “No aig 12 Compas Nl pp 27 225 ad 2, wi he lp 8-9 a nano 10 100% my era” Like men in the Mediterranean counts males in the Philppies ae custome to relcving themelies whenever apd almost wherever the Urge fies them. bn general wrnaion i ested absolutely materiel by ‘oth men and women, Is therefore curious that where Riza bas ish Ress urinate hee pesage nee deleted y his wansator, More remarkable, oneness Gare treatment of famous passage in which Riza dibs the ilaidated condition of th old cemetery of "San Dio.” He write sat= (dnically ofthe bones and skulls ha: "A experarn probablemente, not ‘eouxcion dels muertos sino la egada de animales gb con ssa ‘dos ex calleneny ne aula fri desnaderes” (p56). Or: Most hikly they awaited thor, note fesuretion ft deud, bul the asva of the i= ‘nals which with their iguids would warm then, and bathe those chily ‘takednewes" Guerrero, evidently shrinking from tis biteroes, fers Us “Thre they avaite not the resurrection of the dead, but the ltentions of some animal to warm and wash thet coldness and ht bareness" (p60) ‘rom thin the young reader ight nly aie not ae of boars iD the gentle ouch of Fawn tongue. DELOCALIZATION Almost ll the yenes nthe Nol are set ther in “San Diep (nresnt ay Calamba, ad Ria’ home town) or Man The Manis chapters are replete wth sfeences to and descriptions of sre churches, eighbout= tows cafés ebplanades shes, p30 forth, Some ofthese hve of su, Cleappoared over the course of the last centry, and others have change their names and the purposes for which they ate used. But che great blk ‘neu uly recognizable vo anyone who haslinedin Man for any length of time. The density ofthese places and placenames are amon the elements tht {ive he reader the most vivid sens of being drawn deep msi the novel—in Bech the same way that Dickens used the detailed urban geography of ono bring oie the word of Bl Sikes and Fagin, Daniel Quip end Lil Nell therefore od that Ger elninated as muchas 80 percent thee atl rsoprizabe plcenames 1 would be que sy, sin he ong thal Spanish ext to follow Riza heroes and vlan as they move around the metopolis but alos. imposuble if one employs Guerre’ American ‘erion. Furthermore, Riza on ecasion brings onstage the wellknown Tunica and operetta stare” of his day: Chamanay, Yeyeng, Mariano, ‘Carvajal and soon, These figures fanction as might Wood Allen, Pavarotti ‘Sad Madonna ie sophisticated novel about contemporary New York They ‘Go aot aoe explaining since every T8H0s reader woul antomatcally know seh they were Guerrero eliminated all ese sar, presenting them iemo lly athe mow renowned parormer fom Mani. Whats puting tht Guero ms cera Whey cnougs ede now that fens to now orgte shows cei ie ses of Bea Tt: rout no wa peer ater accent the nt 4) and serial of te word thy pret ter ees Ad le Youns Fp of th 1950s woul era ot knw “oh they wold etgieer area Tagan thu or as. Pas Carls Spanish nan itis noetse tome by concnpary ne zo mi move Star One wuld hve though tn epg Reals cs woul ae served to bint milo the Ics men ey ‘er than tanig ho om DE-EUROPEANIZATION Ria ns an uns aad man, made ani tog St scooting wi Latin ante woof egy, He knw push Hop Fes nd Gumi ins atin nan ere ‘ad wy in Eropean ere I ents cto Al ed with unena clas nsoten wer sone age abo wan vino wes Rr gat pens ene de Fi? ‘Unie dr Fp eS Fp eda er rede calla; dep mer foe Soman es pa Aa i eg a nino, tg nope A rer eave! ps ‘an nos ton npn Satan ue ean sat “Ciara, pute wee Hat Nodes Aone Santa hts date amb pao bain inane. ep! Caso ‘econ se sombre Set undo et Aomo Snes ‘Altera eanslation might be: eof cheming ais of ths was tempting not kom Talo. ttle preening aot o know aenkng stay at pone: arse sod eer hess of tore Europeans ew won ost tes wel Fr fae tortured Tagalog. Casta fred no beter eter n arma tp ‘ncation,And er haba, eis and oo had each done ther et teach her! One word which cout ber mae oe than herogyphic ha on {Champotion wash word Fn The sry gos tat on te ey ter here ioe. wi aking wih er hosbnd who wae the corpora a a ‘Pups. Toe ore, ving tis day core het gb cf an “Sp Fs saa owt be ot: Dot you tn ta hat eal our Fg sour. rm Felipe” The worn thin her honeymoon ema, ‘unt 1 bey ano ei sepia The corporal she we gong oe so esepped uphiscuingand scaled ers “Bat wna, ce ou progiee Felipe Dont frp it, you know tha King, Do Felipe the ih Say Felipe thn add eu maz wish Lat fran ae non” and then he he a of your coun a Contlacin, in howe ays a washer, gage ft her beste oF ‘oie, and repaid the won, tag aot ole her atnce. Fe ge sage. sus pn at it i Ti ror nd il ig io Tatltrecrtbe ops tet Pepa? Oat ht {ia apm onde Pl “Pate ound pan obey que Leming is if mn fm ay tetsks Heth el pa be fines Letssee slowly ow. Allthe wel printed books sid Filipiar 30 tari er tit weg st ahead “Can History et Dee hs bok ty hat ndSibsn ge econ se boar of Pin DFelpet URzalme yr Col bth hs ona Saar wo aad Gere’ version, om the other hand, goes he this ee rer eerie to senmwasdtterseae Tose enon See eee rere aaa ene seed Socata meee graeme hy toc ean adnonn ier mith aay Fst: Be Ds he soups Dont yon cen Know your cam county tamed fer King Pg” Teac gta ieomroenec tate “eta crpret thug she was geting ln ame he fw more tod epee er, "Cos omen 9 Pap. wom?’ oat King Pip Soe Semi arcr areca eee : saa re pate en eee eee ence eae ane Caan Stan Ra chatnmnererre ar ieee an eee eee tes eee See ae oats Pihti pp resteadbswe wer toh roe # wnat ota to nom, he mute to himsel.Cou the dconay be mrng Ox wa this icsonary woes by some sama! ora, and st Rizal laughter inthis pastage i simed at he ruts pity of La Consolaion’s peniasular (Spanish Spans) husband. He gts‘nthe Spanish name forthe colony wrong swell asthe name ofthe man eho is wid to have coined this mame inthe sixteenth century: Alvaro de Sauvedra He thinks the naming was ia honour of Philip V (1683-1746), (under ofthe cightecnth-entary Borbon dynasty, whom Rizal could be sure his readers knew as. feckless Spanish ruler who ended his ays in me Gili Butas a minor moti Rizal quel shows up La Conolaién pathetic "European precosons by having her burt out the Tagalog interrogative partie ba Allof tis fun is erased in Gucrao's version. 'A second, minor targets the Spanish language, since Las Fipinas i not 2 form which an be “logical” derived from Felipe, no matter bow “ogi Cally" the corporal and his young wife ty to make itso. But in Guereo ‘erson the age has become Fin dicuies in distinguishing between» and ‘What is most instructive of all however, is Guete0s omision of the Final parsaraph Thor a this way, no ng History. Quite delideates, ‘Alonso/Alvaro de Saavedra, who eve the Palppines the name sil bears 430 years ater as wel a the Spanish ruler ther honoured (Pace D. Felipe ater o tesome Bradels Habsburgantibere Felipe Ihave been a5 sxe sy theve day, “disappeared” Hernia Corts?