INTRODUCTION

Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) was a German politician and leader of the Nazi Party. He was born in
Austria the part of Austria-Hungary and he was raised near Linz. In 1913, he moved to Munich
in the German state of Bavaria when the First World War began in 1914 after the assassination
of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, and the war lasted until 1918. During the war, Germany, Austria-
Hungary, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire (the Central Powers) fought against Great Britain,
France, Russia, Italy, Romania, Japan and the United States (the Allied Powers).
Hitler served in the First World War as a Gefreiter (lance corporal) in the Bavarian Army and
received the relatively common Iron Cross Second Class in 1914 and the Iron Cross First Class
in 1918, an honor rarely given to Gefreiter .He was also temporarily blinded in the war but
recovered soon.
While on the other hand in the First World War Germany surrendered on 11 November, 1918
and in 1919 Germany and the Allied Nations (including Britain, France, Italy and Russia) signed
the Treaty of Versailles (the peace settlement that ended the war,). According to the clause
231, the “War Guilt Clause”, Germany had to accept the complete responsibility for the war.
Germany lost 13%of its land and 12% of the population to the Allies. This land made 48% of
Germany’s iron production and a large proportion of its coal productions limiting its economic
power. The German army was restricted to 100,000 soldiers, and the navy was limited to 15,000
sailors. As financial compensation for the war, the Allies also demanded large amounts of money
known as ‘reparations’. The Treaty of Versailles was very unpopular in Germany and was
viewed extremely harsh. The German Workers’ Party was founded in the same year, a
small group of men including Locksmith Anton Drexler and journalist Karl Harrer, the
party promoted German nationalism and anti-Semitism, and felt that the  Treaty of
Versailles was extremely unfair to Germany by burdening it with reparations it could
never pay. In 1919, army veteran Adolf Hitler, frustrated by Germany’s defeat in World
War I, which had left the nation economically depressed and politically unstable, joined
the German Workers’ Party and came in light as the most powerful and nationalist dictator of
the twentieth century. Hitler intended to eliminate Jews from Germany and establish a New
Order to counter what he saw as the injustice of the post-World War I international order
dominated by Britain and France. The Great Depression was a contributing factor to dire
economic conditions in Weimar Germany which led in part to the rise of Adolf Hitler and the
Nazi Party.
In June 1941, Hitler ordered an invasion of the Soviet Union. By the end of 1941, German forces
and the European Axis power. Hitler declared war on the United States, bringing it directly into
the conflict. Failure to defeat the Soviets and the entry of the United States into the war forced
Germany onto the defensive and it suffered a series of escalating defeats occupied most of
Europe and North Africa. In less than two days, he committed suicide to avoid the capture by the
Soviet Red Army.
DISCUSSION
The beginning of Hitler’s career was in Munich as he joined the German Workers' Party (DAP),
a small group of extreme nationalists and anti-Semites.
Hitler was not only a nationalist but also a racist and it could be clearly seen through his love for
the Aryan race. Germans are originated from Aryan race. Hitler believed at the volkisch concept
which divided mankind into races of superior and inferior quality. It was based on this ethnic
grading, which plays an important role in Ethnic nationalism.  This form of nationalism was
based upon bloodlines and race, and is therefore seen as exclusive when contrasted to a wide-
ranging form of civic nationalism that bases membership upon common values and beliefs.
Hitler imagined the nation in pure ethnic terms, the ethnic he was convinced on the German Volk
with Aryan race at the topmost genetic pool. He was also not a supporter of such a practice in
which German citizenship is awarded to immigrants of different races based on residency in
Germany rather than ethnicity, citizenship should only be conferred upon German Aryans.
According to him German schools should help maintain the pure German state by teaching
Aryan children the importance of blood purity and not to intermarry or mingle with inferior
races. The “folkish” German state that he envisioned in Mein Kampf was based on a community
that shares the German values of hard work and patriotism.
He hated the Jews as he believed that they were the reason of Germany’s downfall. According to
him the Jews were to be blamed to have created the plan to corrupt and manipulate the social
fabrication of the German people and that they secretly trying to conquer the world by spreading
undesirable forms of government like social democracy and Marxism, political schools of
thought that promote equality and deprive Aryans of their innate superiority. According to him
the “Jewish problem” must be dealt with by creating a racially pure German state ruled by
Aryans and when he rose to power, he conducted the Holocaust from 1933 which was the
genocide of Jews and two third Jews were murdered in this massacre. But sometimes when
Holocaust also used in a broader sense, to refer to all of the victims of Nazi state-organized
murder, including the Roma, gay people and others. Even the 25 Point Programme was drawn up
by Hitler and Drexler to plan out their vision for a perfect Germany. The 25 point Programme
was based on ethnic nationalism. According which the unity of only all German-speaking
peoples into one greater Germany and the other point was that only a member of the race can be
a citizen. A member of the race can only be the one who is of German blood, without
consideration of creed. Consequently, no Jew can be a member of the race which clearly means
that the person belonging to another race instead of the Aryan cannot be the part of Great
Germany.
His ethnic hatred to the Jews accompanied by non-Germans resulted in his myth of the Aryan
Supremacy because it can justify both the anti-Semitism and expansionism. The Aryan race
mostly inherited by the true German people were superior to other race and this encouraged
Hitler’s idea of expanding the state over weaker states. This strategic program for world
domination is the Lebensraum law of Hitler. In Mein Kampf (1925), Hitler dedicated a full
chapter titled "Eastern Orientation or Eastern Policy", outlining the need for the new 'living
space' for Germany. He claimed that achieving Lebensraum required political will, and that the
National Socialist Movement ought to struggle to expand population area for the German people,
and acquire new sources of food as well.
After becoming a fuhrer or leader Hitler appointed those Germans who were unemployed and
enlisted them in German army. The expenditure on the German weapons was only 3.5 billion in
1933 but in 1939 this value increased up to 26 billion. Turning Germany into military machine
Hitler wanted to avenge the loss of First World War for that he made a plan and his first mission
was to get those places which were snatched from Germany during First World War in which
Germany lost its territories. Situated in the frame border including Britain and most areas of
Poland and Czechoslovakia, Sudetenland the areas of Switzerland and Austria in those areas
there were the majority of German race existed. The plan of Hitler was to retrieve those states of
Germans which were kept-in during First World War, he wanted to gather all those states in
Europe forming a big nation or a state which could challenge the great powers. So, in 1938,
Hitler implemented his plans for world domination with the annexation of Austria, and in
1939 Germany seized all of Czechoslovakia. Hitler’s invasion of Poland on September 1,
1939, finally led the war between Germany and France. In the initial years of  World War
II, Hitler’s war machine won a series of stunning victories, conquering the great part of
continental Europe and looked as thou Hitler’s nationalistic views may overcome the
world.  But however, the tides changed in 1942 during Germany’s disastrous invasion of the
USSR. Hitler invaded Soviet Union and one of an interesting fact is that he disliked Russians
because they belonged to Slavs race and he hated Slavic people and considered them
“Untermensch”, or sub human. Secondly to use Slavs as a slave labor force for the axis war
effort and murder the rest. His plan was to acquire the oil reserves of the Caucasus and
agricultural resources of Soviet territories.
Hitler’s plan to invade USSR was delayed for four weeks which resulted in his defeat. This
attack was named as “Operation Barbarossa”. At the beginning the German forces gained victory
and occupied some of the most important economic areas of the Soviet Union (mainly in
Ukraine) and inflicted, as well as sustained, heavy casualties. When the Germans were ready to
attack Moscow the weather turned as it was the by the mid-October, when the German units had
advanced to within 40 miles of Moscow. But then the weather turned. It began with weeks of
unending autumn rain, creating battlefields of deep, sticky mud that immobilized anything on
wheels and robbed German armored units of their strategic advantage. And things only got
worse. In November, autumn rains abruptly gave way to snow squalls with frigid winds and sub-
zero temperatures, causing frostbite and other cold-related sickness.
The German Army had counted on a quick summertime victory in Russia and had therefore
neglected to prepare for the brutal winter warfare it now faced. Ignoring the difficulty of his
frontline soldiers, Hitler insisted that Moscow could still be taken and ordered all available
troops in the region to make one final thrust for victory. German tank formations attacked from
the north and south of the city while infantrymen moved in from the east. But the Russians were
ready and waiting. The weather delays had given Russians time to bring in massive
reinforcements, including 30 Siberian divisions specially trained for winter warfare. Wherever
the Germans struck they encountered fierce resistance and faltered. The impact was devastating.
By mid-December, German forces around Moscow, battered, cold and tremendously fatigued,
were in full retreat and facing the possibility of being routed by the Russians.
By early 1945, the British and Americans were closing on Germany from the west, the Soviets
from the east, and Hitler was holed up in a bunker under the chancellery in Berlin awaiting for
defeat. On April 30th, with the Soviets some miles less from his headquarters, he committed
suicide. He shot himself with his own revolver and left Germany devastated and in the mercy of
the Allies, who divided Germany and made it a battlefield of conflict.

CONCLUSION
Conclusively, Adolf Hitler was a true nationalist who lived for his nation, worked for nation and
died for nation. He thought his nation should have more and better rights than other countries. He
thought his nation was inherently superior and should be recognized as superior by the rest of the
world. Hitler drove his country into the abyss.
We should not simply neglect the fact that under Hitler's leadership and racially motivated
ideology, the Nazi regime was responsible for the genocide of at least 5.5 million Jews and
millions of other victims who and his followers deemed sub-humans and socially undesirable or
misfit for society. In fact as a leader his legacy is the darkest of virtually any world leader since
the origin of the concept of the nation-state. His name is synonymous with evil not because of
Allied propaganda but because of the actual deeds done under his order. His rule not only
resulted in the murder of millions of innocent victims but drove Germany to the very doorstep of
ceasing to become a state. Notably, on the long path to utter disaster, he took Germany into a war
that it could not win and from which the German people suffered immeasurably. He created a
cocktail of social Darwinist, racist and sexist prejudices.
Hitler's obsessive hate for Jews still remains a popular debatable topic among the historians. It’s
not easy to confirm the reasons behind his compulsive hate. His anti-Semitism, ill opinion about
Jews. His hatred for Jews brought about the holocaust post WWI.
He was the great nationalist. Hitler's way of nationalism was as far concerned as the extreme
negative which had caused a great distress and loss to Germany, Jews and the world. But if you
ignored the tyrannical regime and his deranged beliefs and put him on a pedestal, based on his
personality, he could be considered as one of the greatest influential sociopaths that ever lived.