Nama : Sinta Arjanah

NPM : F0G020010

Tiingkat : II A

Mata kuliah : English For Midwifery

"School Meals Building Blocks for Healthy Children"

The podcast brought to you by the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of
engineering at The Institute of medicine and the national research Council, collectively known as
the national academies.

We're going to talk about school lunches. Now, whether you remember them as culinary
masterpieces or daily nightmares. The fact is that the modern provision of food for schools is a
complex Marvel of Human Social, and Technical Innovation with crucial inputs on the agricultural
nutritional and Public Health Sciences in the United States to National programs. The national
Lunch program and the school breakfast program, play key roles in supporting the nutrition and
health of school. Children by providing nutritionally balanced low-cost or free lunches every school
day. The purpose of the national school lunch program. According to its 1946 legislation is as a
measure of National Security to safeguard the health and well-being of the nation's children and to
encourage the domestic consumption of nutritious agricultural. Oddities and other food. Both the
national school, lunch program, and the school breakfast program provide an important safety net,
for low-income children. That have to travel long distances to school children that live in
households, whose income is at or below 130 percent of the federal poverty level are eligible for
free school, lunch, and a free School breakfast. The potential reach of the National School Meal,
programs is Monumental. The program is available in 99% of

US public schools and in 83 percent of private and public schools combined. The school breakfast
program is widely used as well with 85% of public schools participating in the program, in 2007
alone, schools participating in the meals, programs, serve to roughly Five Point 1 billion lunches
and 1.7 billion breakfasts last year, the school lunch program provided meals to over 30 million
children, every single school day. Although, the reach of today's national school, meal programs is
expensive. Things have not always been quite. So abundant, the national school, lunch program is
over 60 years old, yet, various School Food Services have been carried out in the United States as
far back as the 1890s and some European countries were operating programs, even a hundred years
before that.

Back in the late 18th century. One of the major were fathers of school. Lunch programs was an
American Born physicist named Benjamin Thompson, while in Munich in 1790 Benjamin
Thompson established, the Poor People's Institute, which administered a program for poor
unemployed adults that provided clothing and food in exchange for making clothes. For the Army.
In this program children were also given the opportunity to work part-time during the morning and
afternoon in the hours.

Between their work schedules. The children were taught Reading Writing and arithmetic.
Thompson's expertise in developing public Mass. Feeding programs was highly sought after and he
eventually established major programs in England, Germany, Scotland, France, and Switzerland.
One such program in London fed, 60,000 people on a daily basis. Over the course of the 19th
century School feeding programs continue to proliferate throughout the rest of Europe. Eventually,
gaining sponsorship by governments, though. The United States was slower to catch on American
programs, went through the same Evolution as those in Europe. Many of the early us programs or a
hodgepodge of locally based food services taken up by private societies and associations concerned
about child, welfare and education, early federal assistance and

Schoolchildren came in the form of the commodity Foods. Donation program during the Depression
Surplus production of farm products became so high, that it depressed market prices to a point that
crushed, the economic livelihood of farmers. At the same time, many children and families were
unable to afford school lunches. So in a stroke of Genius, Congress decided to kill two birds with
one stone, they set aside funds to purchase the Surplus foods that were depressing market prices.
For farmers. And Portions of that surplus food to families and children in need for school meals,
federal funds, gradually expanded over time in order to meet the growing demand for food in
schools. But during the second world war, the huge amount of food required to support troops
overseas, Drew down the agricultural Surplus. And it became clear that even more federal funds
would be necessary to ensure the sustainability of school Food Services in the future in 1940. 6, the
79th Congress decided that school Foods could no longer afford to depend on Surplus foods. That
might either be nutritionally unbalanced or unattractive to school children. This led them to pass the
national school. Lunch act bringing into existence. The national school lunch program since the
Inception of the national school lunch program, and later the school breakfast program ensuring the
provision of healthy nutritious meals has been of the utmost importance to
Makers and researchers in the fields of nutrition science and public health numerous great strides
have been made over the years in dietary and nutrition science. So, for instance, in the 1960s and
70s studies began to show that good nutritious meals, not only promote good physical health, but
that they also have a positive effect on the psychological development of children, and their ability
to learn. And so, because of the continuous progress in understanding human physiology, and
Mission. It makes good sense that we should periodically update regulations that govern nutrition
standards and requirements for the National School Meal programs. This is why the Department of
Health and Human Services and the Department of Agriculture, ask the Institute of medicine to
review current regulations for the national school, lunch program, and the school breakfast program.
And to recommend revisions that will align the standards with the latest dietary and nutritional
science.

The iom's recommendations can now be found in the new report School meals, building blocks for
healthy children under current requirements for School meals, fruits and vegetables are treated
together as a single group. Without any specifications, for the type of vegetables. That should be
served. This can lead to students choosing only a vegetable or only a fruit effectively missing out on
important nutrients. In response to this problem, the new recommendations from the iom's. He say
that fruits and vegetables should be treated separately in meal planning with a minimum daily
requirement for each. Additionally, the new recommendations, specifically state that children
should be eating a greater variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains and only drinking fat-free or
low-fat milk. We've come a long way since the early days of school food programs that were
intended to feed undernourished children. Child. Obesity has become a major public health concern
in recent years. And the new recommendations reflect this shift in attitude, towards School meals,
previous standards for School meals, only set forth a minimum level of calories, required for each
meal, or as the new recommendation specify for the first time, both a minimum and a maximum
number of calories.

It also looks at the minimum and maximum for saturated fat and sodium, that should be present in
each School Meal. Sometime in particular, was a major concern for the iom because foods that are
high in sodium are so prevalent. Children's pallets are highly accustomed to eating very salty food.
In order to address this the report recommends that the Department of Agriculture and the
Department of Health and Human Services, work cooperatively with the food. Tree and other
stakeholder groups to gradually reduce the amount of sodium present in school Foods. Over the
course of the next 10 years. It is the hope that by setting a gradual, long-term Target children will be
less likely to notice the change and how their meals taste, effectively minimizing any threat to
student acceptability of lower sodium foods. There are, of course, many challenges to implementing
the new recommendations to school meals in order to promote the teaching.

Necessary and increase student participation. It will take active engagement with the school
Community, including nutrition education for both parents and students School Food Service.
Employees will need new training and mentoring to prepare meals that meet the updated
requirements. And in some cases, schools will need to purchase new equipment, taken together. All
of these changes including the incorporation of more fruits and vegetables into meals, will likely
cost more money. Any, but the iom. Optimistic that with a combination of increased Federal
reimbursements and capital Investments, the higher cost, incurred by retraining staff and preparing
meals. With more basic ingredients can be covered over the last few centuries. Governments have
made great strides. In providing low-cost food. To those children who needed since the Inception of
the US. National school, lunch program, alone more than two hundred and nineteen billion.
Lunches have been served. The school environment plays a key role in shaping Children's Health
behaviors that they will later adopt over the course of a lifetime. So it's not enough to just keep our
students well-fed anymore. Instead. We have to prepare meals that maintain a healthy nutritional
balance based on the latest science with Comprehensive technical assistance, from the USDA and
the support and involvement of state agencies, professional organizations. The food industry, child
advocacy groups, schools parents, and the Themselves, we can create School meals, that will both
appeal to students and Well, appeal to students and contribute to their health and well-being.