Munich Personal RePEc Archive

Analysis of Coronavirus and carbon

emissions

Molintas, Dominique Trual

14 February 2020

Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/98858/
MPRA Paper No. 98858, posted 29 Feb 2020 14:18 UTC
S
napshots of the phenomenon coronavirus serves as the laboratory of
epistemologies for development. Factors of development are capital
formation and natural resources; condition of foreign trade,
economic system and political freedom. The word factor is defined
as the influence that contributes to, otherwise enable conclusive results or
outcomes—and development is defined as the positive change from current
situation per’se. Development is a process, for the reason that change is a
constant inevitable part of life; whereby notions of development turnout
ambiguous when without specific parameters and figures to bolster
arguments or whenever nonspecific.
 C
hina today is faced with an expensive, resource-intensive measure implemented by
Authorities for the prevention and control Coronavirus infection by 91.14 percent.
Following the outbreak expected to peak within two weeks, the number of infected
individuals in seven days decreases under the scenario no travel restriction (Tang, 2020). Basing
on the 2017 population of China, 9.14 percent prevention relates to 1.2632004 billion Chinese,
that are fivefold the Australian citizenry, fourfold the population size of America and tenfold the
count of Filipinos.
While Chinese scientists wrestle the safety of a developed oral vaccine at the Tianjin
University, medication is not yet made widely available. The death toll in China is up at 2663 with
77000 persons infected; Iran has a fatality of 15 and South Korea reported ten deaths. Japan
confirmed 850 infected people and Italy has the largest number of cases in Europe of 231
(British Broadcasting Company, 2020).
Coronaviruses characterise a family of viruses that cause illness. Coronaviruses creates
respiratory infections between common cold and more dangerous infections such as the Middle
East Respiratory Syndrome, MERS or Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, SARS. The COVID-19
disease is completely contagious through small droplets passing through the nose or mouth of
an infected person who coughs or exhales. Droplets of infected persons can be transferred by
inhaling or touching surfaces or objects where light splatters or sneezes settle (World Health
Organisation, 2020). Characteristics as follows:
 Acute renal 1
impairment was uncommon in COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 infection does not
significantly cause obvious acute renal injury, or aggravate CRF in the COVID-19
patients (Wang, 2020).
 Severe complication of COVID-19 is pneumonia, NCIP or novel coronavirus infected
pneumonia. Of 138 people admitted patients in Wuhun hospitals, 26 percent needed
to be treated in the intensive care unit. 4.3 percent died from this type of pneumonia
(Tim, 2020).
 Fever and cough are the most common symptoms in patients, presenting with
abnormal chest CT examination. Some people have muscle soreness or fatigue, ARDS.
Diarrhea and haemoptysis, headache and sore throat, shock and other symptoms occur
rarely. Mortality rate for coronavirus infection is less than SRAS MERS (Sun, 2010).
 Of 5732 patients with coronavirus infection, the incidence of fever is 90.9 percent, the
incidence of cough is 70.8 percent, and the incidence of muscle soreness or fatigue is
41 percent. The incidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome or ARDS was 14.8
percent, the incidence of abnormal chest CT was 95.6 percent, the proportion of severe
cases in all infected cases was 24.3 percent and the mortality rate was 6.4 percent (Sun,
2010).

I
ronic ecological backlash: The coronavirus is a classic example of Principle Four in the
lecture notes of the coursework: Ours is a finite earth, under the category controlled
consumerism. The incidence has influenced the lowest levels of NO2 air pollution over
China to drop 36 percent compared to the same period last year. CO2 emission reduction

1
Renal arteries directly send blood back to the heart from the aota to the vena cava

Critique Of Coronavirus And Carbon Emissions. Dominique Molintas. Ytt Quaesitum Research | 2
between 15 and 40 percent is observed across key industrial sectors; whereas without the
phenomenon China is likely to have released around 400m tonnes of CO2, MtCO2. Shaving CO2
emissions to about 25 percent when compared with the same duration year-on-year; amounts
to approximately 100MtCO2 at about 6 percent of global emissions. The estimated CO2
reduction is based on fossil-fuel consumption data by sector and fuel for February 2019, and
estimating year-on-year changes using sector activity indicators: daily coal consumption at
power plants; coking plant; blast furnace and steel plant operating rates; and oil refinery
operating rates (Myllyvirta, 2020).

Daily Coal Consumption at Six major Power Firms

Figure 1 (Myllyvirta, 2020)

Figure 1 presents daily coal consumption around the Chinese new-year period at six generating
companies reporting daily data, in 10,000 tonnes per day. X-axis shows days before and after Chinese new
year eve, which falls on various dates in the second half of January or in February. Source: Analysis of data
from WIND Information. Chart by Carbon Brief using Highcharts

In the dimension of natural resources as the factor influencing development, solutions to

slow climate change have been sought in intensifying magnitude and across all cultures because
of the potential harm on life of many future generations (Hawken, 2008). Climate change is
understood as the continuous alteration in weather patterns over a long period of time.
Effectually, greenhouse gases emissions such as carbon dioxide accelerate climate change (EDF
Energy, 2018). 30 percent of the earth species could face extinction if the temperature of earth
rises by sheer 2°C. That is, the change in temperature raises the likelihood of extreme weather

Critique Of Coronavirus And Carbon Emissions. Dominique Molintas. Ytt Quaesitum Research | 3
events such as heat waves, flooding and drought, and rising sea levels that seriously affect food
security (Becatoros, 2017).
Eurostat (2017) defines CO2, carbon dioxide as a colourless and odourless non-poisonous
gas generated by combustion of carbon stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the
manufacture of cement (EuroStat, 2017). CO2 is a greenhouse gas that absorbs radiation and
therefore blocks heat from escaping the atmosphere of earth; resulting in excess heat. The effect
of heat energy trapped in the earth surface tantamount climate change as it prompts the
disruption of weather patterns and raises the average temperature (EarthHero, 2017).
Figure 2 shows the average atmospheric levels of NO2 in molecules per centimetre squared
measured by the NASA OMI instrument. The illustration depicts the cooling and warming of
earth as by-product of the energy consumption in China.

Figure 2 Satellite based NO2 levels (Myllyvirta, 2020)

Highlighting policy as fundamental to change, China is non-participatory the United

Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change that recognises an international
environmental treaty adopted in 1992 at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro (Rooker, 2008).
Nevertheless, China stays unbeatable in the renewables energy competition, even by the most
comprehensive plan ever proposed to reverse global warming, providing energy with wind,
water, and solar power (Andrew, 2012).

Critique Of Coronavirus And Carbon Emissions. Dominique Molintas. Ytt Quaesitum Research | 4
 A
dverse impact quite largely, when looking into the dimension of capital formation
and economic system, as factors of development. Due the phenomenon coronavirus
and despite a year-on-year industry growth at 12.2 percent; Chinese Authorities
suspended domestic and overseas travel in January 2020. This policy has affected domestic
tourism estimated to amount about USD774.9b revenues in 2018, apart the outbound tourism
accounting 140 million Chinese outbound tourists in 2019 with expenditure to total USD115.3b
in 2017. In the same vein, air transportation and shipping performance is to be gravely affected
despite growth in both sectors between 75 and 87 percent over the past eight years (China
Ministry of Transportation, 2019).
China is the largest economy having Gross Domestic Product of USD25.27t forecast to reach
USD36.99t in 2023, markedly in per capita GDP of USD10100 (Silver, 2019). The global economy
proportionate country share can be summarised as: United Kingdom 3.3 percent & United
States 23.6 percent and Germany 4.6 percent & Japan 5.7 percent. About eight countries control
12.8 percent of economy: France, Italy, Brazil and Canada. Another 13.3 percent of global
economy goes to the cluster group represented by Russia, South Korea, Spain, Australia, Mexico,
Indonesia, Netherlands, Saudi Arabia, Turkey and Switzerland. Rest of world owns 21.2 percent
of the world economy (Silver, 2019).
In the dimension of foreign trade as influencer of development, China exercises 19 percent
of world trade in an asymmetrical vertical integration of the supply with the world markets; way
above the time of SARS that occupied just 8 percent. Due the dependence on China for
intermediate manufacturing goods, a number of key traders such as the United States and
Europe, Singapore and Vietnam are expected to be severely affected by the coronavirus
phenomenon (Think Tank Department of AFCA Secretariat, 2020).
Extending outside the trade of intermediate goods, economies occupying factories in China
having FDI partially locked onshore are to be severely affected at a negative impact spill over of

Critique Of Coronavirus And Carbon Emissions. Dominique Molintas. Ytt Quaesitum Research | 5
20 percent that the Chinese manufacturing capacity of GDP growth of major. By far, the largest
negative impact is Vietnam; and across the globe into sectors of electronics and automobile,
machinery and textile sectors. Nonetheless, while an adverse GDP growth might be smaller for
North Asia against Vietnam, the actual economic value of the supply chain disruption is
profoundly greater for Japan, South Korea and Taiwan (Herrero, 2020).

E cological advantage of China that is well felt across the globe as an output of the
phenomenon coronavirus, has a tantamount backlash on the global economy. A
study by the Asian Development Bank shows graphically the final impact of the novel
coronavirus on the Chinese economy from a multidimensional point of view.

+2.5%

+0.2%

+15%
+20%
+65%
-35%
-25%
+65%
-40%
-45% +10%
-40%

+55% -85%

0%
+50%
-75% +3%

+1.5% -35%
-25%

ECMCID-Simulator for the Novel Coronavirus (PRC & ADB 2019)

Four economic strategic sectors such the tourism growth rate ΔS1, the international trade
growth rate ΔS2, air transportation growth rate ΔS3, and electricity consumption growth rate
ΔS4 plotted along axes states predetermined in perimeter levels of demand growth rate ΔD,
unemployment growth rate ΔUE, the stock market growth rate ΔSM, the foreign investment
growth rate ΔFDI, and finally the economic output contribution of each economic strategic
sector in the GDP formation growth rate of China ΔO. Forecast simulation reveals the next
results of each sector in the GDP formation growth rate in the succeeding two years equal to Δ
O1 = +0.3 percent, ΔO2 = +2.5 percent, ΔO3 = +0.2 percent, ΔO4 = +1.5 percent
respectively. It is to note that across the simulation of scenarios, a stable unemployment rate
closely to 0 percent is seen of China (Estrada, 2020).
This paper presented the development impact on trade and ecology, economy and capital
formation, as a result of the coronavirus phenomenon; specifically the equivalent elucidations by
the slash in CO2 emissions and reduced global warming in China.

Critique Of Coronavirus And Carbon Emissions. Dominique Molintas. Ytt Quaesitum Research | 6
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