na A Test Book of Engineering Mechanics 7. A.circular hole of radins (r) is cut out from a cironlar dise of radios (27) is such e way that tho diagonal of the hole is the Tedius of the diso. ‘The centre of gravity of the section lies at (@) contre of the dise (©) centre of the hole (6) somewhere in the dise (@) somewhere in the hole. Answers 1OHO2@2O 4H. MKEW2 7 Moment of Inertia second moments are broadly termed as moment of inertia. In this chapter, we shall discuss the moment of inertia of plano sreas only- 72. Moment of Inertia of @ Plane Area Consider @ plane area, whose moment of inertia is required te be found out. Split up the ‘whole ores into s pamber of small elements. eto 028 aus A Test Book of Engineering Mechanica Arvas of small elemente, and Now the moment of inertia Tm aint tan paarytt ose = Sart 7S. Units of Moment of Inertia The unite of moment of inertia of plane area depends upon ‘the units of the area and the length e.g. aa % ere iin cmt and the length inalo nom. then moment ‘% fares isin mm*and the length is.slso in mm, then ‘moment of inertia is expressed in mm¢. 74. Methods for Finding out Moments of Inertia ‘The moments of inertia of body (or an area) may be found ‘out by any one of the following two methods : 1. By using Routh’s rule, and 2 By the method of integration. 75. Moment of Inertia by Routh’s Rule ‘Ifa body is symmetrical about three mutual licular axes", then the moment of inertis, according to Routh's body about any'one axis passing through ia centro of grav given by = Tm AU MOXS ror «square o rectangle lin) = Aloryxs 7 so(For @ circular or elipticnl lamina) Aor M)x8 5 (Fora epherical body) where A = Area of the body, M = Mass of the body, and 8 = Sam of the squares of the two somi-axee, other than the xis, about which the moment of inertia is required to'be found ont. ie, XX axie, Y-¥ axis and 2.2 axia, ia 5 Moment of Inertia uw 76, Moment of Inertia by the Method of Integration The moment ia of an area or (mana) may also be found out by the method of integration ns discus low : y = Distance of the ©.G. of the strip on ¥-Y We know that the moment of inertia of the strip about ¥-¥ aa O} =a 0) ‘and moment of inertia of te whole area may be found out by integ- ating above equation f., Try = Eda Similarly Tnx = EdAy* In the following pages, wo shall discuss the application of this method for fading out the moment of inertia of warioun crose- sections. 77, Moment of Inertia of a Rectangular Section = bay" MLL. of the strip about X-X axis, = Area xy? = (bdy)y* = bytayue A Test Book of Buginsering Mechaniog ‘The MEL ofthe whole sooton oan be found out by intagrating for the whole length of the lamina i. from — $. word. of 4 Tate [ bytay = fa « e “+ -¥ ee aa Similarly, iene TF Aine of fae gg int? be akon ofthe ide, which ia ot right angle to the 78 Moment of Inertia of a Hollow Rectangular Section Consider & hollow rectangular section, in which ABC! main tection and EFGH is the out out soction as shown iF, fa Lot b = Broadth AB of the outer rectangle, 4'= Depth BC of the outer rectangle, wae nding values for the out \SSHW ccmagay ie re Wo know that the moment of inertia of the xN-ty -N-x outer rectangle ABOD about X-¥ axis, NI N ta N -# BASS ‘and moment of inertia of the rectangle = L_. EPOH aboot X-E aaa" ott owt ° . = dae 00. z Me Eqs motion. —____ ‘Tho may also be obtained by Routh’ rule as disgused below : tix 4 sn('e of reotangalar seotion) a Type 45 OORT ta inx Fe— -% Moment of Inertia nt 1, MIL of the hollow #otangular section about X-X axis, . xx = ML of rectangle ABCD —M.L. of rootongle BFGH Solation. Given : b = 60mm; d = 80mm; b, = 30 mm; 4, = 40mm | We know that moment of inertia of the seotion about an axis passing through ite C.G. and paraltel to X-X axis, ba bd? _ 60(80)*_ 3040)? ane dax=qy-T2- 7 e = 2400x 10° mm* Ans. a abt 80(60" —_40(30)* Smiley In = p= ae = 135010" mm! Ams. 79. ‘Theorem of Perpendicular Axis imith I fntrction of Ek and FY ta poen the raion Tez = Lert] ry Consider » small lamina (P) of ares da having co-ordinates as and ‘mutually perpendicalar exes ons istance ° ym Z.Z axis such cS ‘From the geometry of the x figure, we find that Kee ? 2 of inertis of the lamina P about —pig,7-4 Theorem of perpendioutar Tnx = day? waft 1 = Aron (Distance 3)us ' Similarly Ivy = dost and Taz = dost = do (atty) (rm ata yy = dasty day! = Tertleg 710. Moment of Inertia of a Circular Section Considera circle ABCD of radius (r) with oon , 227 eerste eg noferonce ©) ™Mboentre O and XX’ and through O as shown in Fig. 7°. Now comtider an ol tary ring of radius x and. thick- news dz. Therefore area of tho ring A Test Book of Engineering Mechanica da = Qnxdx add M.I. of ring about X-X axis or one = Ares x (Distanoe)* = Qusdexa* = fxstds ‘Now ML. of the whole section, about the central axis, can be found out by integrati ve equation cil Gauche, fom Oto. Theeclors ene for the whole radian of y Fig. 15 Ciroular section. Taz = j Qaatde = 2e io ° ° -»[%] =F 2 =F vs (Subetiating r= We know from the Theorem of Perpendicular Axis, that Inet lyr = Tez . dzz_ 1 att - 2 = L xg w= Go Tey * This may also be obtained by Routh’s rule as diseussud below 4s Ire = 48 + of ciroular section ; (er of tion) where sree, An Daa ‘and sum of the square of semi axis F-Y and 2-2, =(4yu0- 2% sa (FS H.-F x o as_ (Exe )x$ trem P= it ars ae of -aee Moment of Inertia TAL, Moment of Inertia of a Hollow Circular Section Consider # hollow circular section as shown in Fig. 7-6, whose be found out. . Let D = Dit We know that the moment of inertia of the main circle fsbout X-X axis . L =a or Fig. 76 Hollow circular seotion. and moment of inertia of the cut-out circle about X-X axis -E@ :, ML of the hollow circular section. about X-X axis, Ixy = MI. of mainoircle—MLL of out out circle = a Dg @= Ge 29 Similarly, Ivy = gy (D2) Example 7-2, 4 hollow circular section has an external dia- meter of 80 mm and internal diameter of 60 mm. Find ite moment of inertia about the horizontal axis passing through its centre. Solution. Given: D = 80 mm; dé = 60 mm. ‘We know that moment of inertia of the hollow circular section about the horizontal axis passing through its centre, Ieee & Wa) = F ((00t—(009) mt = 1374x108 mm Ans. 7-12. Theorem of Parallel Axis Te states, “lf the moment of inertia of plane area about am ais icagh is centre of gravity, be denoted by Lo, the moment of iner~ ofthe area about azis AB, parallel to ‘and ato diionce ‘from the centre of gravity is given by : ao Tap = Ie+a.0* where Isa = MLL. of the area about an axis 4B, Ig = MLL. of the area about its ©.G., @ = Ares of the sestion, and120 A Test Book of Engineering Mechanica and 1h = distance between C.G. of the section and the axis AB. 5 Proof Consider a strip of a circle whose MI. is required to be found out about line AB as shown in yt +t a Pig. 77. ‘Let 8a = Area of the strip, y = Distance of the step from the C6. Fig. 741 Theoro of paral aie We know that MLL ofthe strip about an axis pasting throo of the section, = tay? nd ALI. of the whole section about an axis passing through.its .G., Jo = Eaey? wal) ‘1. MLL of the whole section about the axis 4B, Tap = 38a (hy = Bho (M+ y+ 2hy) = EihBap Ey tat Bthy Bo =oM+I6+0 Tt may be noted that AtSa = abt and Zy*.ba — Jo [as per equation () shore] and Paay, is the alee tll the areas, about an axis through C.G. of the section and is equal toa where gis the distance between the section and the axis passing through the C.G., which, obviously, is zero. 713. Moment of Inertia of a Triangular Section Consider a triangular section ABO whose moment of inertia is required to be found out. n Tet Bate and ha Hogi Ue ‘i Now consider « small stip 1 PQ ofthicknees ds at = dvtance a of from A as shown in Fig : From the geometry of the LL» figure, we find that the two Serres APQ and ABC are Fie.74 Triangular ston: similar. Therefore, Po BO jebraic sum of moments of - Moment of Inertia B02 _ be + 79-2 os Bon te = Now'area of the strip PQ be ade and MLL. of the strip about the bese BO = Area x (Distance)? = OF de (ha = 2 = F(a ) ‘dz Now MLL. of the whole triangular section may be found out by integrating for the whole height of the triangle, i.e, from 0 to h. S tc = [Fay de “2 oli) We know that the distance between i ere botween the .G. of the triangular a=n3 +s. MIL of th ic nav axt F para tet th etion about on exis through ite 0.6. and Jo= ae ws Tax = To+0h) we (3)(3) on 36 \Nete, ‘The M.L. of the section about an axis through its vertex and alta tesa Ba) EE122 ‘A Text Book of Engineering Mechanics Example 7:3. An isosceles triangular section ABO has base width 8 om and height 6 cm. Determine the moment of inertia of the ‘ection about the cg. of the section and the base BO. Solution. Given: 6 = 8em;h = 6em Moment of inertia about the 0.G. of the section We know that moment of inertia of a triangular seotion about iteC.G., oe 8 (6 ut To = = SEP = 8 omt Ans. Moment of inertia about the base BO We also know that moment of inertia of a triangular socti about the base BO, oh _ 8 (6 _ i“ Inc = fe = FO = stom! Ans. 714. Moment of Inertia of « Semicircilar Section Consider » semicircular section ABC whose moment of inertia fs required to be found out a8 shown in Fig. 7-0. Let r = Radius of the semicircle, 8 section ABC about the base AC, Fig. 7-9 Bemioireular section ABC te bx Zarate (73) ‘We aleo know that the area of s semicircular section, ete z and distance between C.G. of the section and the base AC wo 2 ML of the section through ita C.G. and parallel to XX axis, Io = Luca ~ir-F(E) = Et gey = our Moment of Inertia 123 ‘and MI. of the section through its CG. and parallel to Y-¥ axis = Ft = 0303 + Example 7-4, Determine the moment of inertia of a semi- circular ate ‘of 10 om diameter about ite C.G. and parallel to xX axis and Y-Y azis. MLL of the section about ite 0.G. and parallel to Y-Y azis | ‘We also know that moment of inertia of « semicircular section abort its 0.G. and perallel to ¥-¥ axis, = 0-308 rt = 0-903 (6)¢=245'6 om Ans, 715. Moment of Inertia of a Composite Section ‘Tho moment of inertia of « composite section may be found out as discussed below : 1. Bplit up the given section into plane areas (i.e. rectangular, ‘triangular, circular ete.) 2, Find out the moments of respective centres of gravit 3. Now transfer these moments of inertia about axis (AB) by the Theorem of Perallel Axis, i. tia of these sreas about their required Jan = Jota where ite C.G. and parallel to the axis 4B, cm cinatittY of the section. . The moment of inertia of the given section may now be obtained by the algebraic sum ‘of inet gbiained by the ‘slgebrate sum of the moments of inertia Example 75. Fig. 7-10 shows an area ABODEF. « - Fig. 740 ‘ompute the moment of inertia of the above area about azis K-K. (Bombay Unieersity, 1986)1st ‘A Text Book of Engineering Mechanics 2. ‘moment of inertia which is required to be Solan Ae chorfare there is n0 nood of finding out the Fg. 711 dy = 1044/2 = 12. em <. MIL of section 1 sbout axis K-K, = Totoh? = 64-+(12x 4(12)4] omt = 6076 om* Simiary, moment of inertia of seotion 2-about ite CG. and toy — 404 1508 ont ‘and distance between C.G. of section 2 and axis K-K, hy = 104-24/2 = 22 om £. ML of section 2 abont the axis K-K = Tox} a.by! = 4608+ [24x 4(22)%] emt = 51 072 emt ii) ‘Now moment of inertia of the whole area about axis K-K = 6076 +51 072 = 58048 om Ans. Example 76, Find the momen! of inertia of T-ecion shown in Pig. 712 about XK ond Y-Y asen trough the Oo the ives, 1986) Solution. First of all, We fed of the section. As peo tt ® | som 150x50=7600 mm* = (1504-50/2) = 176 rm (i) Rectangle) | = 15050 = 7500 mm* lon th = 160/2 = 75 mm a bo Moment of Inertia 135 Wo know that distance between C.G. of the section and bottom of the flange, etaytonys _ (7500%176)-+ (7500 x75) gre "7500-7500 = 125 mm Moment of inertia about X-X axis ‘We also know that M.I. of rectangle (1) about an axis through its .G. and parallel to X-X axis, = -150(60)* Jo =e ‘and distance between C.G. of rectangle (1) and X-X axis, hy = 175-125 = 50 mm -5625x 10" mm* laxt abt = 1°5625 x 10-4 [7500(50)"] _ = 203125 x10 mm‘ Af). Similarly, M.I. of rectangle (2) about an axis through ite oa. ‘and parallel to X-X axis, To, = 20080" 14-0628 10" mm* ‘and distance between C.G. of. rovtangle (2) and X-X axis, hy = 125-75 = 50 mm ‘MLL of rectangle (2) about X-X axis =lataht = eee a = 328125 x 10* mmt ‘Now moment of inertia of the whole section about X-X_ poe Tex = 20°3125 x 10*4-39-8126 x10" mmt = 58:125x10' mm Ans. MI. about ¥-¥ azis ‘Wo know that MI of rectangle (1) about ¥-¥ axis, =SOU1501" 14-0925 <10¢ mint and MLL. of rectangle (2) about, 1 -Y axis = 2EGOP 1.5625 10" mmt ce Moment of inertia of th whol section about YY axe, Try = 140625 x 10*+1:5625 x 10* mm = 16-625 10" mm‘ Ans. Example 7-7. An I-section ie made up of three rectangles as shown in Fig. 713. Find the moment of inertia ofthe section about izontal azis passing through the og. of the section. (Bikar University, 1986)