1- Gram Negative cocci

Bacteria pathogenicity Laboratory Microscopic culture Biochemical Antimicrobial

diagnosis examination tests sensitivity
Niesseria Pyogenic CSF Gram –Ve Chocolate blood 1- Oxidase + Ve penicillin
meningitidis meningitides dipiococci agar ( 2- Utilize :
( headache- ( intracellular in transparent or Glucose-
vomiting- stiff neck pus cells ) grey colonies maltose
) incubation in
CO2
Niesseria Gonorrhoeae Urethal & Gram –Ve 1- Modified 1- Oxidase + Ve Resistant to
gonorrhoeae ( sexual cervical dipiococci New York City ( 2- Utilize : penicillin
transmitted) – exudates- urine ( intracellular in MNYC) glucose only
acute conjunctivitis – eye swab pus cells ) 2- Thayer
in infants of martin
mother with ( transparent or
Gonorrhoeae grey colonies )
 2- Gram Positive cocci

Bacteria pathogenicity Laboratory Microscopic culture Biochemical Antimicrobial

diagnosis examination tests sensitivity
Staphylococcus Pneumonia – Pus –skin Gram +Ve in 1-Blood agar 1- All
aureus
impetigo – wound swab - cluster ( ( yellow to cream colonies staphylococci
infection – sputum – CSF grape like some strains beta- are catalase +
osteomyelitis – – blood – cluser ) haemolytic Ve
food poisoning Faeces – 2- macConkey agar (small 2- coagulase
due to vomit in food deep pink due to lactose +Ve
enterotoxins poisoning fermentation ) 3- DNAase +Ve
Normal flora in 3- Mannitol salt agar agar ( 4- liquefy gel
40% of health yellow due to Mannitol 5- hemolyse
people fermentation ) blood
4- nutrient agar
( golden yellow )
Streptococc Sore throat ( Throat swab – Gram +Ve in 1- Blood agar ( small white 1- sensitive to Penicillin &
us pyogenes tonsillitis, pus swab - chains,pairs beta- haemolytic colonies ) Bacitracin disk Erythromycin
pharyngitis ) – blood – some 2-Crystal violet blood agar 2- anti-
( Group A ) scarlet fever – strains are ( selective for S. pyoggenes streptolysin O (
otitis media – capsulated ) ASO )
impetigo – 3- macConkey agar
rhrumatic fever – ( no growth )
glomerulonephritis
-
Normal flora in
 upper respiratory
tract
Strepotococ Septic abortion – CSF – ear Gram +Ve in 1- Blood agar ( grey 1- Hippurate
cus gynecological swab – chains,pairs ,mucoid beta- hemolytic hydrolysis +Ve Penicillin &
agalactiae sepsis – UTI – vaginal swab - – some colonies ) by adding ferric Erythromycin
( Group B ) neonatal blood strains are 2- kanamycin blood agar chloride give
septicemia – capsulated ( selective for S. agalactiae
heavy brown
meningitis – ) precipitate
normal flora in 3- MacConkey agar 2- CAMP
femal genital tract ( extracellular
protein
produced by S.
agalactiae
enhance
haemolysis
with S. aureus
beta- lysin
Lobar pneumonia Sputum – Gram +Ve 1- Blood agar 1- Bile solubility Penicillin ,
Strepotococ – bronchitis – exudates- elongated ( mucoid alpha- haemolytic test (clear Erythromycin
cus meningitis – blood - CSF diplococcus 2- chocolate agar with CO2 turbidity) & co-
pneumoniae conjunctivitis – – short 2- sensitive to trimoxazole
normal flora in chains optochin disk
upper respiratory capsulated
tract
Strepotococ Endocarditis- Gram +Ve in
cus dental caries – chains
Viridians bacteraemia
Normal flora in
upper respiratory
tract
Strepotococcus UTI – biliary tract – Site of Gram +Ve in Grow over wide 1- Aesculin
Fecalis wound- ulcers – infection chains,pairs temperature 10-45 C hydrolysis +Ve Sensitive to
( Enterococcus )
endocarditis- 1- Blood agar ( Black- brown Ampicillin &
meningitis – 2- macConkey agar ( small color ) resistant to
( Group D )
normal flora in pink colonies due to lactose 2- litmust Milk Cephalospori
vagina & intestinal fermentation) decolorization n
tract 3- CLED( small yellow ( reduce litmus
colonies due to lactose milk & give pale
fermentation) yellow color)
3- growth in
6.5% NaCl &
40% bile

species Haemolysis Sensitivity to CAMP Aesculin Hydrolysis

Bacitracin
Streptococcus pyogenes Beta sensitive negative negative
Group A
Strepotococcus agalactiae Beta resistant positive negative
Group B
Strepotococcus Fecalis Non haemolytic resistant negative positive
Group D
 3- Aerobic and facultative anaerobic Gram negative Bacilli

Bacteria pathogenicity Laboratory Microscopic culture Biochemical tests

diagnosis examination
E. coli UTI – wound Urine – pus – Gram –Ve 1- Blood agar ( some strains are haemolytic 1- indole :+ Ve
infection – faeces – CSF - motile rods 2- MacConkey : pink colonies due to lactose 2- motility : +Ve
meningitis – blood fermentation 3- MR : +Ve
bacteraemia in 3- CLED : yellow colonies due to lactose 4- nitrare : +Ve
neonates - diarrhea fermentation
4- XLD : yellow color IMVC
5- DCA : growth inhibited
6- EMB : black colonies with metallic shine
++--
6- KIA : yellow butt – yellow slant produce
Acid & gas
Klebsiella Chest infection Urine – pus – Gram –Ve non 1- blood agar : large grey white mucoid 1- citrate : +Ve
pneumonia (bronchopneumonia sputum motile colonies 2- urease: +Ve
– abscesses ) - UTI capsulated 2- macConkey : mucoid pink colonies due to 3- MR: +Ve/-Ve
rods lactose fermentation 4- Vp : +Ve/-Ve
3- CLED : yellow colonies due to lactose 5- nitrate : +Ve
fermentation IMVC
6- KIA : yellow butt – yellow slant produce --++
Acid & gas
Proteus UTI ( Alkaline ) – Urinr – pus Gram -Ve 1-bloodagar : fishy odour – swarming 1- urease : +Ve
mirabilis abdominal & wound pleomorphic 2- MacConkey & XLD: swarming inhibited 2- PPA: +ve
infection rods actively due to bile salts 3- motility : +Ve
motile 3- CLED : swarming inhibited due electrolyte 4- Citrate : +Ve
deficient
4- KIA : yellow butt – red slant produce gas &
H2S
salmonella 1- Enteric fever 1- for enteric Gram -Ve rods 1-blood culture ( blood Columbia agar 1-KSA :
( typhoid & fever ( blood- actively motile - diphasic medium ) a- Pink ( alkaline )
paratyphoid ) faeces- urine ) – non- sporing 2- blood agar ( subculture ):grey- white some slope & yellow (
2- enterocolitis 2- for except S. typhi strains appear mucoid acid ) butt
3- Bacteraemia enterocolitis 3- XLD(selective media ):pink color with black indicating
( faeces – center due to H2S fermentation of
blood ) 4- MacConkey & DCA : pale color with black glucose not
3- for center lactose
bacteraemia b- produce gas
( blood ) except S. typhi
c-produce H2S
except S.
paratyphi A
2- citrate : +Ve
except S.
paratyphi A
3- MR: +Ve
IMVC
-+-+
4- Widal test
(O&H
antibodies )
Shigella Bacillary dysentery 1-fresh faecal Gram -Ve Selective media 1-KIA : pink
or shigellosis- specimen 1-XLD: red-pink colonies without black center (alkaline ) slope &
transmission by 2-transport 2-MacConkey & DCA: pale color due to non yellow( acid ) butt
faecal oral route medium for lactose fermentation – indicating
delayed S. sonnei produce pink color on prolonged fermentation of
faecal incubation glucose not
specimen lactose – no H2S
 production
2- MR: +ve

Yersinia Plague ( Bubonic – Bubo Small Gram – Optimum temp. 27C ( culture should be 1-Catalase : +ve
pestis pneumonic – aspirates- Ve incubated at room temp.) oxidase –ve
septicaemic sputum- coccobacillus – 1-blood agar: small shiny non haemolytic urea, indol -ve
Transimission : 1- blood capsulated colonies after 24- 48hr. 2- MR: +ve
infected fleas show bipolar 2-macConkey :very small translucent pink
(Xenopsylla ) from staining with after 24-48hr. ( non lactose fermentation but
rats or domestic methylene it take up red dye of indicator in the medium
animals blue, Giemsa )
( dogs,cats )
2- inhaling
organisms in
airborn droplets

Pseudomon Opportunistic Pus – urine- Gram –Ve 1- blood agar: large flat spreading colonies 1- oxidase : +Ve
as hospital acquired sputum- motile rod often are haemolytic 2- Citrate : + Ve
aeruginosa infection effusions - some strains 2-macConkey : pale color due to NLF 3- oxidation-
1-skin infection ( blood are 3- CLED : geen color due to NLF fermentation test
burn, wound,ulcers capsulated- 3- KIA : pink-red slope with metallic :
) obligatory appearance – pink-red butt Yellow color ( in
2- UTI ( following aerobic oxidative opened
catherization ) Produce tube )
3- Respiratory tract pigment
infection a- blue geen
4- ear infection b-yellow green
(otitis externa)
5- eye infection
 Vibrio rice water stool Faecal Gram –Ve Grow best in alkaline pH 1- oxidase : +Ve
cholera ( enterotoxin specimen curved rods 1- TCBS ( selective media ):sucrose 2-indole : + Ve
activates adenylate motile ( with fermenting yellow colonies
cyclase within single 2- KIA: red slope and yellow butt
intestine result in flagellum at 3- blood agar : often produce beta haemolytic
secretion of large one end ) colonies
fluid & electrolytes
transmission by
faecal oral routes
Brucella Brucellosis or 1-Blood or Small Gram – B rucella is difficult to isolate & it more 1-catalase : +Ve
undulant fever ( bone marrow Ve coccobacilli isolated from blood in acute brucellosis 2-oxidase : +Ve
zoonotic disease ) in acute stage or short rods during time of fever 3- urease : +Ve
2- serum for 1- tryptone soya (tryptic soy )diphasic
serology medium :
B. abortus requiring CO2 & keep for weeks
with subculture every few days
2- serum dextrose agar :
smooth,mucoid,rough colony
3- B. abortus & B. suis produce H2S
Haemophilu 1-pyogenic CSF- Small Gram – Grow best moist CO2 & media contain 1-Oxidase:+Ve
s influenzae (purulent ) nasopharynge Ve haemin & NAD 2-Nitrate
meningitis in young al specimens coccobacillus ( factor X ) or NADP ( factor V ) reduction : +Ve
children below 5 – pus – blood or short rod 1-chocolate agar
years old ( specimens 2- satellitism test : S. aureus in blood agar
2- pneumonia (adult must be produce factor V & haemin released by
) cultured as haemolysin enhance growth of H. influenza
3- acute epiglottitis soon as
( fatal airway possible &
obstruction ) not
4- cellulitis refrigerated )
 Bordetella Whooping cough Nasopharyng Small Strict aerobic ( specimens must be cultured Oxidase : +Ve
pertussis ( infection of eal secretion capsulated as soon as possible )
mucosa of upper collected by Gram –Ve 1- Charcoal cephalexin blood agar ( selective
respiratory tract ) aspiration cocobacillus & enrichment media ) : incubated for 2-6 days
( singly or in in CO2 moist aerobically produce small
chains ) mercury like mucoid colonies

campylobac Enteritis – watery Diarrheal Spirally curved Strictly microaerophilic reduired (10% CO2 ) – 1- oxidase : +Ve
ter diarrhea or feces contain motile G-Ve , thermophilic ( 36 – 43 c ) 2- catalase : +Ve
dysentery blood ,pus, with faecal 1- Blood agar : non haemolytic droplet like 3- Na hippurate
( main source are mucus smear (1% colonies hydrolysis : +Ve
unpasteurized milk basic fuchsin) 2- Butzler virion medium : selective media
– fecal oral route ) Appear linked
to wings of
gulls or "S" or
comma shape
Helicobacter Chronic gastritis Gastric biopsy Small spiral or Microaerophilic required CO2 ( grow slowly 1- oxidase : +Ve
pylori lead to ulceration & – stool - S shape G-Ve forming grey translucent colonies within 3-7 2- catalase : +Ve
may cause gastric serum for days 3- urease : +Ve
carcinoma serology 1- blood agar : slightly beta – haemolytic
 4- Anaerobic Gram Negative Bacteria

Bacteroides Abdominal infection Pus – G-Ve rods Strict anaerobic they fastidious they require 1- They ferment
fragilis ( particularly exudates- pleomorophic media containing blood & menadione ( vit. wide ranges of
following surgery ) – infection K) carbohydrates
peritonitis – tissue - blood 1- blood agar ; grey , non haemolytic ( glucose –
gynaecological colonies maltose – lactose
infections ( )
puerperal sepsis )- 2- Aesculin
lung , cerebral hydrolysis : +Ve
abscesses – soft 3- can grow in 20
tissue infections % Bile tolerant
test
 5- Anaerobic Gram positive spore forming bacilli

Clostridium Gas gangrene

perfringens ( myconecrosis ) –
food poisoning

Clostridium Tetanus ( lock-jaw )

tetani , fatal disease
caused by
neurotoxin
Clostridium Fatal food poisoning
botulinum cause paralysis
( botulism )
Clostridium Antibiotic
difficile associated diarrhea
(
pseudomembranou
s colitis )
 6-Facultative anaerobic Gram positive spore forming bacilli

Bacillus Anthrax ( cutaneous

anthracis – pulmonary –
meningoencephaliti
s ) by herbivore as
sheep, cattle, goats

Bacillus Food poisoning

cereus from infected rice
& other cereals
7-Facultative anaerobic Gram positive non spore forming bacilli

Corynebacte Diphtheria ( nasal ,

rium nasopharyngeal ,
diphtheriae tonsillar diphtheria )
in young children –
odema of neck –
grey yellow
membrane , it can
block the passage of
air & cause death
 Listeria Meningitis &
monocytoge septicemia mainly in
nes ( neonate , pregnant
women , elderly
persons
8- Spirochetes

Treponema Sexual transmitted

pallidium disease cause
1- sexual acquired
Syphilis
2-congenital
acquired Syphilis
Leptospira Leptospirosis ( Flu-
interrogans like illness ) by
infected animal
urine as dogs