RESEARC

H
 Introduction to Research:
General Concepts

❑ What is research?
❑ Characteristics of the Scientific
Method
❑ Characteristics of Scientific
Knowledge
❑ General Approaches to Research
❑Types of Research
• Research is an
organized inquiry
carried out to provide
information for
solving problems.

• It is the cornerstone
of every science.
What is
research?
Re Proce
Search
agai find
ss
n
✔ Step by step
✔ Phases
 forma
l
Resear
ch
I will find
informa what you
need
l
Is a process in looking
at solution of a given
problem.
What is `
research?
Research is the systematic
process of collecting and
analyzing information to
increase our understanding of
the world in general and of the
phenomenon under study in
particular.
Therefore,

RESEARCH
concerns with
WHAT (facts and
conclusions) and
HOW (scientific;
critical
components).

Research is a
iterative process that
eventually seeks to
Characteristics of the Scientific
Method
1. Tentative (constant review)

2. Empirically verifiable (researchable)

3. Ethically neutral (what harm or risk

involved to respondents,
confidentiality and privacy?)

4. Shared and made public

Purpose of
Research
❑ explore
❑ describ
e
❑ explain
 Basi
-provides
c
– starting point for the search
of new knowledge.
a foundation for
knowledge and foundations that
are generalizable to many policy
areas, problems or area of study
-Source of the tools –
methods, theories, ideas
General
Approaches to
Research
1. Qualitative

2. Quantitative

3. Mixed
Method
 General Approaches to Research
In social sciences and later in other disciplines, the following two research
methods can be applied, depending on the properties of the subject matter and
on the objective of the research

Qualitative Quantitative
understanding of human involves analysis
behavior and the reasons
that govern such behavior, of numerical
involves analysis of data data and their
using words (e.g., from
interviews), pictures (e.g.,
relationship
video), or objects (e.g., an
artifact)
Inductive
-
HOW TO SELECT
AND LIMIT
RESEARCH TOPIC
1. BRAINSTORM FOR IDEAS

WHAT PROBLEM IN THE

COMMUNITY WOULD YOU LIKE
TO RESEARCH ON? WHY DOES
IT INTEREST YOU AND WHAT
WOULD YOU LIKE TO KNOW
MORE ABOUT IT?
2. IDENTIFY THE SOURCES OF
INFORMATION

WHAT SOURCES OF INFORMATION CAN

YOU USE TO GATHER INFORMATION? WHO
CAN HELP YOU IN PROVIDING
INFORMATION ABOUT THE TOPIC? CAN
YOU USE LIBRARY, MAGAZINES,
JOURNALS, PERIODICALS OR THE
INTERNET TO COLLECT INFORMATION? DO
YOU KNOW ANY ORGANIZATION THAT CAN
HELP YOU IN GATHERING INFORMATION.
3. FOCUS ON THE TOPIC

WHAT SPECIFIC AREA OR FACTOR OF

THE PROBLEM WOULD YOU LIKE TO
FOCUS YOUR RESEARCH ON? WHY
DID YOU DECIDE TO FOCUS ON THAT
SPECIFIC AREA OR ASPECT? WHO IS
AFFECTED BY THE TOPIC.
4. MAKE A LIST OF USEFUL KEYWORDS

WHAT ARE THE KEYWORDS THAT

YOU CAN USE TO BEST DESCRIBE
YOUR TOPIC?
5. BE FLEXIBLE

WHAT ARE THE CONSIDERATIONS OR

ADJUSTMENTS THAT YOU WOULD
LIKE DO IF EVER THERE IS A NEED
TO MODIFY YOUR RESEARCH TOPIC?
6. DEFINE YOUR TOPIC AS A FOCUSED
RESEARCH QUESTION

WHAT IS THE PRIMARY QUESTIONS

THAT YOUR RESEARCH TOPIC
WANTS TO ANSWER?
7. FORMULATE A THESIS STATEMENT

WHAT IS THE THESIS STATEMENT OF

THE STUDY THAT YOU WOULD LIKE
TO CONDUCT?

WORKING TITLE:
_____________________________________
____
• The Need to Assess the Effectiveness of Ernesto Rondon High School
Policies on Discipline.
• BULLYING: A CAUSE OF DEPRESSION AND STRESS ANXIETY
AMONG JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL IN ERNESTO RONDON HIGH
SCHOOL
• ACADEMIC RANKING AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE LEARNING
ACHIEVEMENT OF STUDENTS IN ERNESTO RONDON HIGH
SCHOOL
• ASSESING THE FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH STUDENTS
LATENESS AMONG GRADE 9 STUDENTS
• THE RELATIONSHIP OF TARDINESS AND ACADEMIC
PERFORMANCE OF JHS STUDENTS IN ERNESTO RONDON
HIGHSCHOOL
ASYNCHRONOUS ACTIVITY:

• DESIGNING A
CAMPAIGN OF
ADVOCACY (BY
GROUP)
• RESEARCH