4 Society

Vocabulary
Society Phrasal verbs
1 Complete the sentences with the correct forms of 3 Complete the phrasal verbs in the sentences with
the words in the box. the correct forms of suitable verbs. Use one word in
each gap.
commune ​monarch ​owner ​populate ​slave
1 The police officer told the man to
1 Every neighbourhood needs a centre over his gun.
where residents can meet to discuss important local 2 Shops selling cupcakes are up
issues. everywhere.
2 Britain is a(n) and the king or queen 3 If you up against problems filling in
is its head. the form, I’ll help.
3 The UK has a(n) of over 63,000,000 4 We’ve decided to up a tapas bar.
people. 5 Let’s up a sign to say we’re open.
4 Home is decreasing and more and 6 The protesters off for London early
more people rent their homes instead. in the morning.
5 is unacceptable and every person
has the right to live freely. 4 PLUS Match 1–5 with A–E and fill in the missing
phrasal verbs to complete the sentences.
2 PLUS Complete the dialogue with society words 1 We’re of our old house
from this unit. next week,
Jorge: What happens in Britain when people don’t have 2 Dad the money he won,
a job? 3 Where did that building
Clara: Well, Britain has got a (1) w from?
s , so when people can’t find 4 If you your own business,
suitable (2) e , they receive 5 If you don’t the keys now,
money from the state.
A It wasn’t there last year.
Jorge: And what about when people get sick? Do they
have to pay to see a doctor? B you’ll have to work very hard.
Clara: No, of course not. Most doctors and nurses C so I’m putting everything in boxes.
are (3) c s in D I’ll have to take them from you.
Britain, so the state pays them, not the patient. E so I can afford to go on holiday.
In fact, (4) h is free for everyone
on the National Health Service. So, all UK 5 PLUS Complete the second sentence so that it has
(5) c can get medical treatment the same meaning as the first. Use the word in bold.
without paying. 1 Rea had a few problems when she started her new job.
Jorge: I imagine they pay through (6) t , Rea a few
though. problems when she started her new job. (against)
Clara: That’s right. 2 Those new apartments were built in 2012.
The system The builders those
works by new apartments in 2012. (put)
taxing people 3 What time do you leave for work in the morning?
so that What time do you
everyone in the morning? (off)
benefits. 4 Did you give everyone a food box?
Did you the food
boxes with everyone? (out)

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 Crime & justice Vocabulary Workshop
6 Complete the sentences with the correct forms of 9 Choose the correct words.
a verb and a noun from the boxes, and add a or to 1 The soldiers were given an award for their
when necessary. majority / bravery during the war.
2 Judges have to decide if a criminal can be
arrest ​commit ​dismiss ​go ​pay ​reach
released / charged from prison
3 Trish set fire to the school and was charged with
case ​crime ​fine ​prison ​suspect ​verdict
joyriding / arson.
1 Judges often 4 Turkey doesn’t have EU membership /
because there isn’t enough evidence to try the citizenship.
defendant. 5 The jury charges / finds the defendant guilty.
2 Police have who
they believe has robbed over 50 homes this year.
3 When the jury , the
defendant finds out if he or she is found guilty or not
guilty.
4 I had to for
parking in the wrong place.
5 The idea of and
having your freedom removed stops most people from
.

7 PLUS Complete the text with one word in each gap.

Being a member of a jury

In the UK, anyone over the age of eighteen can be asked
to do jury (1) at any time. This means
that you will be a member of a jury and you will have to 10
PLUS Complete the second sentence so that it
go to (2) and sit through a real case. has the same meaning as the first. Use the word
Then, you will have to decide if the (3) in bold.
– the person accused of a crime – is guilty or not guilty. 1 The police say Mateo stole the painting. (of)
It is very important not to discuss the case with anyone, The police have
apart from other members of the jury in the discussion
stealing the
room. It is especially important not to post comments
painting.
about it on social media sites. If you do, you will have
(4) a crime and you may have to pay 2 The prisoner hopes they will set him free soon.
a (5) . In very serious cases, you may (from)
even go to (6) as a result of talking The prisoner hopes they
about a case. prison soon.
3 The police officers said she was driving while
drunk. (charged)
8 PLUS Complete the sentences with suitable crime
The police officers
and justice words from this unit.
drink-driving.
1 U is a common
4 Criminals who aren’t dangerous are often kept as
problem in Britain as many young people drink alcohol
prisoners in their own homes. (house)
regularly.
Criminals who aren’t dangerous are often kept
2 Shouting and singing in the streets late at night is an
under .
example of d .
5 Punishing criminals physically is not allowed in the
3 L question
UK. (corporal)
defendants and witnesses in court.
of criminals is
4 If you kill another person on purpose, you’ll be
not allowed in the UK.
charged with m .
5 If you a to a crime, you say that you
did it.
6 A s is a person the police think may
have committed a crime.
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 Grammar
as long as, even if, providing that, unless 4 PLUS Complete the second sentence so that it
has a similar meaning to the first.
1 Complete the sentences with the words in bold, 1 They put up new houses, so we got a place to
including the correct forms of the verbs. live.
Show them your receipt; they won’t give you a food box If they
unless you have one . (you / unless / have / one) .
1 my bus fare, I’ll help 2 Don’t write on that wall or I’ll call the police!
with the fundraising activity. (they / providing that / pay) If
2 Dad won’t sell the house, .
his job. 3 The authorities didn’t warn us about the flood,
(he / even if / lose) so we didn’t protect our homes.
3 They’ll put up an apartment block here We
. (we / unless / protest) .
4 Your lawyer will help you 4 Unless you admit you’re guilty, you’ll get a
her the truth. (you / as long as / tell) bigger sentence.
5 They can’t park here, If you
in the building. (they / even if / live) .
2 PLUS Complete the second sentence so that it has the
same meaning as the first. Use the word in bold. Conditionals with modals
1 If you aren’t in trouble, don’t call your lawyer.
Don’t call your lawyer
5 Complete the text with be able to, can, can’t,
could, didn’t have to or must. You will use one
in trouble. (unless)
answer twice.
2 The case will be dismissed if they don’t find new evidence.

Home education
,
the case will be dismissed. (providing)
3 If you agree to the rules, you can join the commune.
You can join the commune In many countries, if parents don’t send their
to the rules. (as) children to school, they (1)
end up in court. But what happens if a child
4 There’s no way the police will come if we call them. (2) adapt to school?
The police we call them. Wouldn’t it be better for such children if they
(even) (3) go to school
5 They won’t arrest you unless you’ve committed a crime. and were taught at home? They would
(4) spend more time on
They won’t arrest you a their studies and learn according to their own
crime. (not) needs if they (5) receive
lessons at home. In the UK, if people have children
of school age, they (6) provide
Conditionals them with suitable education. However, the parents
(7) decide whether they will send
3 Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the them to school or teach them at home.
verbs in bold.
1 If the government was serious about fighting poverty,
nobody (be) poor today.
2 If you (not commit) 6 PLUS Translate the sentences into your language.
such a serious crime, they wouldn’t have sent you to prison. 1 If you saw the crime, you must tell the police.
3 In our neighbourhood, if anybody ever
(need) help, we all give it to them. 2 We can change our society if we try hard.
4 If you pay the fine, you
(not go) to court. 3 In some countries, citizens have to vote if there’s
5 If people hadn’t protested, they an election.
(not change) the law.
6 If I (be) you, I’d do some volunteer work. 4 If you’d applied for the job, you might have got it.

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 Wishes & regrets 8 PLUS Complete the wishes and regrets using your
own ideas about the subjects in bold.
7 Complete the sentences with the correct forms of 1 (school lessons) If only
the verbs in the box.

be ​choose ​have ​help ​not put up ​not talk 2 (world hunger) I wish

1 I wish I the blind 3 (my neighbourhood) I wish

man to cross the road this morning.
2 If only everyone 4 (food banks) If only
food and a proper home.
3 Jan works in a shop, but she wishes she 5 (crime) If only
a police officer.
4 I’d love to see a real court case. If only they 6 (poverty) I wish
me for jury service
soon.
5 If only they that
ugly building in the centre of town.
6 I wish you so
loudly!

Consolidation

9 Complete the sentences with the correct forms of 10

PLUS Find six mistakes in the dialogue. Write the
the verbs in bold. corrections below in the order they appear.
1 If I (be) the Prime Minister, I Gaia: If you had finished with that magazine, can I borrow it?
(stop) corruption. Pete: Sure, as long as you will give it back to me later. I’m
2 If only more people (care) about doing an essay about an article in it.
disabled people. Gaia: No problem. What’s the essay about?
3 I wish there (be) jobs for everyone. Pete: Well, it’s about democracy today.
4 If yesterday’s storm Gaia: If I would be you, I’d watch this
(not happen), the tree interesting video with Russell Brand on
(not fall) on the YouTube where he talks about
roof. democracy.
5 If everybody (help) at Pete: I’ve heard about that. Doesn’t he
tomorrow’s fundraising activity, nobody just say ‘If I were you, I won’t vote?’
(have to / do) too Gaia: No. He says that you support a
much. corrupt system, if you vote.
6 If you (be able to That’s why he doesn’t vote.
/ live) anywhere in the world, where Pete: It sounds interesting, but
you (choose)? I won’t watch it providing
I finish my essay before
bedtime.
1
2
3
4
5
6

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 Listening
1 Check you know the meaning of the words in the box. Pronunciation
cost of living ​encouragement ​target ​vouchers 3 0.00  Listen and put _ between words to show
where the pronunciation changes when words
are linked together. Then practise saying the
2 0.00  Read the questions carefully and identify the
sentences.
key words. Then listen to the radio programme and
choose the correct answers. 1 What do you do for a living?
1 Rises in the cost of living have resulted in people … 2 Where did you get help?
A losing their jobs.
3 Tell them what you need.
B having lower salaries.
C having to choose if they’ll eat or keep warm. 4 What a sad story!
2 Why was Amy Bridges arrested? 5 It’s true poverty’s increasing.
A She didn’t pay her bills. 6 She lost her job last year.
B She stole food to eat.
C She stole from a food bank.
3 What is true about Amy? Dictation
A She’s an unemployed police officer.
4 0.00  Listen to the conversation and complete
B She helps people who can’t afford to eat.
the dialogue.
C She still gets help from the food bank.
Jack: More and more food banks seem (1)
4 What did Amy receive at a food bank? these days.
A support, encouragement and food for four days Sonja: It’s hardly surprising when you consider
B food for three days only (2)
C support, encouragement and food for three days .
5 At the moment, there are … poor people in the UK. Jack: But I thought (3)
A 13,000,000 when people
B 1,000,000 to 5,000,000 (4) serious
financial problems?
C 63,000,000
Sonja: Yes, in theory, but (5)
6 What target has the Trussell Trust set itself for the
future? that many people don’t always (6)
A to persuade more people to volunteer .
B to open food banks in all UK towns Jack: That’s true. Our neighbours said that if
C to create a network of food banks (7) for our local
7 The number of Trussell Trust food banks rose from 80 to food bank, they (8)
400 between … their two children
A 2011 and 2013. last year.
Sonja: I find it so sad (9)
B 2011 and 2012.
.
C 2012 and 2013.
They say thousands of children go to bed every night
8 Who is able to give vouchers to hungry people? hungry.
A dietitians and social workers Jack: Seriously? That’s terrible! (10)
B doctors and social workers more to help.
C dietitians, social workers and doctors Sonja: (11)
9 At which stage in the process do people receive food? make a difference, (12)
A step two at a food bank.
B step three
C step four
10 During step five, people in need …
A visit other charity organisations.
B are given food vouchers.
C talk about their problems with food bank volunteers.

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 Speaking
Key communication Exam task
1 0.00  Write 1–6 to put sentences A–F in order. Then 4 Answer the questions.
listen and check your answers. Practise the dialogue. 1 What do you like about your local
A I see where you’re coming from, but surely he would at least community? Why?
have heard about other young people drinking? 2 Which facilities do you use most in your
B In my opinion, it definitely is. My granddad says that when he area? Why?
was my age, he didn’t know anyone who drank while underage. 3 Is crime a problem where you live? Why? /
C Well, to begin with, I think that underage drinking is Why not?
becoming a huge problem these days. 4 Do you feel safe in your area? Why? / Why
D It’s hard to tell really. So we agree that underage drinking is not?
a huge problem today, but we’re not in agreement about it
being a bigger problem today than in the past. 5 Look at the photos and answer the
E We mustn’t forget that friends play a huge role in the questions.
matter. Maybe your granddad didn’t hang around with A
people who had tried alcohol.
F Yes, I know what you mean. Most young people have drunk
alcohol at some point. Do you think it’s a bigger problem
than it was in the past, though?

2 Complete the dialogue with the phrases in the box.

I know what you mean ​I think ​let’s agree on ​

We also have to consider the fact ​What do you think

A: I think the photo that shows the poverty gap best is the one B
of the well-dressed woman who’s loaded with shopping
walking past the man begging with his two young children.
(1) ?
B: Yes, (2) ,
but I also think the photo with the slum housing in the
foreground and luxury skyscrapers in the background shows the
gap just as clearly.
A: (3) the
first one is more effective, though, because it shows people
living in the same place, but who lead extremely different lives. 1 Compare and contrast the two pictures.
B: (4) that How important are these places to a local
the poverty gap affects large numbers of people, and not just community?
one or two unfortunate people, though. 2 What other facilities are necessary in a
A: I know where you’re coming from, but in my opinion, seeing community? Why?
people makes a greater impression.
6 Work in groups of three. Student A
B: You’ve got a point there. So (5) will ask Student B one of the questions
the first photo then. below and then ask Student C for his or her
opinion. Swap roles for each question.
3 Write a dialogue between Javi and Julia discussing ideas
for how volunteers can help their local community, and 1 Are there any changes or improvements
deciding which idea is best. Practise your dialogue. you’d like to make to your community?
Why? / Why not?
Javi:
2 Would you prefer to live in a close-knit
Julia:
community or in a large city? Why?
Javi:
3 Is vandalism tolerated where you live?
Julia: Why? / Why not?
Javi: 4 What can be done to deal with underage
Julia: drinking?
Javi: 5 What do you think is a fair punishment for
Julia: joyriding? Why? Unit 4 41

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 Reading
1 Read the text and write down who these

The DNA testing people are.

1 Betty Anne Waters
brings
Innocence new light to 2 Barry Scheck

Project old cases

2 Read the text again and answer the questions
in your own words.
a We have all heard the phrase ‘innocent until proven guilty’. When 1 What is the main goal of the Innocence Project?
suspects are accused of a crime, we should treat them as innocent until
we know for sure they are guilty of the crime. Theoretically, everyone
2 What have a quarter of people who have been
should have a fair trial and judges and juries are asked to keep an open
accused by mistake done?
mind about all the evidence that is presented to them. But what happens
when innocent people are convicted by mistake?
3 What is the film mentioned about?
B In 1992, Barry Scheck and Peter Neufeld set up the Innocence Project at
Yeshiva University’s School of Law to address this issue. The project’s chief
aim was, and is, to aid prisoners who have been convicted of a crime by 4 Who have suggested changes to the legal
mistake to have their sentences changed. DNA testing, which was not systems?
widely available in the past, can often now be used to prove a convicted
person’s innocence.
3 Write T (true) or F (false) for 1–4. Explain your
C Apart from taking on the cases of people who claim that they are
answers.
innocent, the Project also aims to inform the general public about the
justice system and its weaknesses. For example, they clearly explain the 1 75% of all defendants are convicted after being
causes of wrongful convictions. According to the Innocence Project, identified by witnesses.
75% of prisoners who have had their sentences changed following DNA
testing had been convicted due to being misidentified by witnesses. 2 Not understanding the charges is the only reason
Others were convicted on the grounds of scientific evidence which is why innocent people admit to committing a
later proven to be incorrect. All too often, scientific tests are not carried crime.
out properly, or their results are misrepresented in court. Furthermore,

25% of cases where the sentences were changed involved false
3 Kenny Waters spent eighteen years in jail before
confessions by the defendant. The reasons why suspects admit to crimes
they have not committed can include not fully understanding the
being proved innocent.
charges, or sometimes even pleading guilty thinking that they can later
prove their innocence.
4 Choose the correct meanings for the words
D So, how successful is the Project? The Innocence Project run at Yeshiva from the text.
University has so far led to over 300 people proving that they didn’t
1 trial
commit the crime they were convicted of. Proving your innocence from
the inside of a prison cell can be a long and difficult process, however. A court case B test
The film Conviction: The Incredible True Story of Betty Anne Waters shows 2 innocent
the tremendous struggle those fighting for freedom face. Betty Anne A simple, childlike B
not guilty
fought for years to prove that her brother Kenny Waters was not guilty 3 grounds
of murdering a neighbour. In her first letter to the Innocence Project, she A basis B earth, floor
explains how her family’s bad reputation in the town where they lived led
4 face
to her brother becoming the most likely suspect ‘for this horrific crime’.
With the help of the Innocence Project, Betty Anne managed to get A admit B confront
Kenny’s conviction changed – eighteen years after his original sentence.
5 The letter c can have a hard sound /k/ or a soft
E The work done by the Innocence Project has shown that there are sound /s/. Write /k/ or /s/ to show which sound
problems in legal and justice systems. Scheck and Neufeld hope not c has in these words. Which word has both
only to free innocent people, but to fix systems that allow wrongful sounds?
convictions to take place. Consequently, they have also gone to great
1 innocence 4 convicted
lengths to propose reforms to the legal system that are necessary to
ensure innocent people are not sent to prison in the future. 2 suspects 5 justice
3 accused 6 successful

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 Writing
1 Read the statement in the essay title. Write whether Think and plan
the writer agrees or disagrees with the statement,
and give evidence from their essay. 5 Find the key words in the writing task. Then
complete the table with your ideas.
‘The advantages of community service are greater
than the disadvantages.’ Discuss.
‘Welfare benefits encourage people Community service
not to work.’ Discuss. Advantages Disadvantages
1 The welfare state provides citizens with money
and other benefits when they cannot find work.
Nowadays, it appears many people rely on these
benefits long-term. The question is, do people choose
not to work because of these benefits?
2 On the one hand, some people take advantage of the 6 Answer the questions.
system and believe the state has to make sure they 1 What will you do in Paragraph 1?
live comfortably. For this reason, as long as they
have income from the state they do not try to find

work or become financially independent.
2 Which ideas from exercise 5 will you include in:
3 On the other hand, many people need state help
through no fault of their own, as they are unable to Paragraph 2?
work. In addition, many people claim benefits for a
short period of time and do everything they can to
become independent again. Paragraph 3?
4 In conclusion, despite the fact that there will always
be people who abuse the system, most people only
use benefits as a temporary solution. In most cases, 3 What will your conclusion be in Paragraph 4?
benefits do not encourage people not to work.

Text analysis Write and check

2 Read the text again and answer the questions.
7 Read your ideas in Think and plan again and write a
1 (Paragraph 2) Which phrase could be replaced with rough version of your essay. Then check these points
providing that or if? and write a neat version.
Do you …
2 (Paragraph 3) What is the purpose of this paragraph?
rephrase the statement in the introduction?

present both sides of the argument?

use linking phrases where necessary?
3 (Paragraph 4) Find a conditional sentence. Which
conditional is used?
Key phrases
There are both advantages and disadvantages,
Writing skills however, …
One benefit / negative effect is …
3 In the model essay, which phrases are used to:
In my opinion, the advantages / disadvantages are
1 add points? greater than / outweigh …
2 show results?
3 show contrast?

4 What other phrases could the writer have used?

Addition:
Result:
Contrast:
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