Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Ophthalmology Milestones
The Milestones are designed only for use in evaluation of resident’s in the context of their participation in
ACGME-accredited residency programs. The Milestones provide a framework for the assessment of the
development of the resident in key dimensions of the elements of physician competency in a specialty or
subspecialty. They neither represent the entirety of the dimensions of the six domains of physician competency,
nor are they designed to be relevant in any other context.
Ophthalmology Milestones
Work Group
Pratap Challa, MD, MS Mark Juzych, MD, MHSA
Jillian Chong, MD Shahzad Mian, MD
Susan Culican, MD, PhD Nicholas Sala, DO
Laura Edgar, EdD, CAE Bhavna Sheth, MD
Matthew Fitzgerald, DrPH Misha Syed, MD
Douglas Fredrick, MD
The ACGME would like to thank the following organizations for their continued support in the
development of the Milestones:
American Board of Ophthalmology
ACGME Review Committee for Ophthalmology
This document presents the Milestones, which programs use in a semi-annual review of resident performance, and then report to
the ACGME. Milestones are knowledge, skills, attitudes, and other attributes for each of the ACGME Competencies organized in a
developmental framework. The narrative descriptions are targets for resident performance throughout their educational program.
Milestones are arranged into levels. Tracking from Level 1 to Level 5 is synonymous with moving from novice to expert resident in
the specialty or subspecialty. For each reporting period, the Clinical Competency Committee will review the completed evaluations
to select the milestone levels that best describe each learner’s current performance, abilities, and attributes for each
subcompetency.
These levels do not correspond with post-graduate year of education. Depending on previous experience, a junior resident may
achieve higher levels early in his/her educational program just as a senior resident may be at a lower level later in his/her
educational program. There is no predetermined timing for a resident to attain any particular level. Residents may also regress in
achievement of their milestones. This may happen for many reasons, such as over scoring in a previous review, a disjointed
experience in a particular procedure, or a significant act by the resident.
Selection of a level implies the resident substantially demonstrates the milestones in that level, as well as those in lower levels
(see the diagram on page vi).
Additional Notes
Level 4 is designed as a graduation goal but does not represent a graduation requirement. Making decisions about readiness for
graduation and unsupervised practice is the purview of the program director. Level 5 is designed to represent an expert resident
whose achievements in a subcompetency are greater than the expectation. Milestones are primarily designed for formative,
developmental purposes to support continuous quality improvement for individual learners, education programs, and the specialty.
The ACGME and its partners will continue to evaluate and perform research on the Milestones to assess their impact and value.
Examples are provided for some milestones within this document. Please note: the examples are not the required element or
outcome; they are provided as a way to share the intent of the element.
Some milestone descriptions include statements about performing independently. These activities must occur in conformity to
ACGME supervision guidelines as described in the Program Requirements, as well as to institutional and program policies. For
example, a resident who performs a procedure independently must, at a minimum, be supervised through oversight.
A Supplemental Guide is also available to provide the intent of each subcompetency, examples for each level, assessment
methods or tools, and other available resources. The Supplemental Guide, like examples contained within the Milestones, is
designed only to assist the program director and Clinical Competency Committee, and is not meant to demonstrate any required
element or outcome.
Additional resources are available in the Milestones section of the ACGME website. Follow the links under “What We Do” at
www.acgme.org.
The diagram below presents an example set of milestones for one sub-competency in the same format as the ACGME
Report Worksheet. For each reporting period, a resident’s performance on the milestones for each sub-competency will be
indicated by selecting the level of milestones that best describes that resident’s performance in relation to those milestones.
Comments:
Not Yet Completed Level 1
Not Yet Assessable
Comments:
Not Yet Completed Level 1
Not Yet Assessable
Comments:
Not Yet Completed Level 1
Not Yet Assessable
Demonstrates ability to Performs elements of Performs routine cataract Performs cataract Performs lens surgery for
scrub, prep and drape cataract surgery in the surgery in the OR surgery requiring patients with
patient for surgery; hands-on surgical skills complex technical complications requiring a
performs basic suturing laboratory and in the maneuvers (e.g., pupil more complex
skills operating room (OR) expander, capsular intervention (e.g., sutured
tension ring) intraocular lenses)
Manages common post- Manages common intra- Manages complex intra- Manages rare and
operative complications and post-operative and post-operative complex intra- and post-
(e.g., post-op pain, high complications (e.g., complications (e.g., operative complications
intraocular pressure) posterior capsule rupture, endophthalmitis) (e.g., aqueous
wound leak) misdirection,
suprachoroidal
hemorrhage)
Comments:
Not Yet Completed Level 1
Not Yet Assessable
Demonstrates ability to Performs simple Performs routine Performs complex Performs complex
scrub, prep and drape extraocular surgery (e.g., extraocular surgery (e.g., extraocular surgery extraocular surgery
patient for surgery; simple lid laceration complex lid laceration (e.g., vertical
performs basic suturing repair, nasolacrimal duct repair, horizontal strabismus), with
skills probing) strabismus, ptosis) assistance
Identifies common post- Manages common post- Manages intra- and post- Manages complex intra-
operative complications operative complications operative complications and post-operative
(e.g., post-op pain, (e.g., bleeding, complications (e.g.,
bleeding) perforation) infection, retrobulbar
hemorrhage)
Comments:
Not Yet Completed Level 1
Not Yet Assessable
Demonstrates ability to Performs routine Assists in subspecialty Performs routine Performs complex
scrub, prep and drape intraocular surgery in the intraocular surgery intraocular surgery intraocular surgery
patient for surgery; hands-on surgical skills
performs basic suturing laboratory
skills
Manages common post- Manages common intra- Manages complex intra- Manages rare and
operative complications operative complications and post-operative complex intra- and post-
(e.g., post-op pain, high (e.g., flat chamber, wound complications (e.g., re- operative complications
intraocular pressure) leak, hyphema) bubble graft, blebitis) (e.g., tube erosion,
proliferative
vitreoretinopathy)
Comments:
Not Yet Completed Level 1
Not Yet Assessable
Comments:
Not Yet Completed Level 1
Not Yet Assessable
Generates a basic Describes diagnostic tests Selects additional Articulates the rationale
differential diagnosis to aid in the differential diagnostic testing to for ordering diagnostic
based on patient diagnosis distinguish between testing in hierarchical
symptoms and history conditions on the fashion based upon
differential probabilistic differential
Comments:
Not Yet Completed Level 1
Not Yet Assessable
Comments:
Not Yet Completed Level 1
Not Yet Assessable
Demonstrates Reports patient safety Participates in disclosure Discloses patient safety Role models or mentors
knowledge of how to events through of patient safety events to events to patients and others in the disclosure of
report patient safety institutional reporting patients and families families (simulated or patient safety events
events systems (simulated or (simulated or actual) actual)
actual)
Demonstrates Describes local quality Participates in local Demonstrates the skills Creates, implements, and
knowledge of basic improvement initiatives quality improvement required to identify, assesses quality
quality improvement (e.g., eye protection for initiatives develop, implement, improvement initiatives at
methodologies and high risk activities, and analyze a quality the institutional or
metrics diabetic eye screening) improvement project community level
Comments:
Not Yet Completed Level 1
Identifies key elements Performs safe and Performs safe and Advocates for safe and Improves quality of
for safe and effective effective transitions of effective transitions of effective transitions of transitions of care within
transitions of care and care/hand-offs in routine care/hand-offs in complex care/hand-offs within and across health care
hand-offs clinical situations clinical situations and across health care delivery systems to
delivery systems optimize patient outcomes
Demonstrates Demonstrates knowledge Identifies specific local Uses local resources Participates in changing
knowledge of the role of of local population and health needs and effectively to meet the and adapting practice to
the physician in community health needs disparities related to needs of a patient provide for the needs of
addressing community and disparities ophthalmic care population and specific populations
health needs and community
disparities
Comments:
Not Yet Completed Level 1
Comments:
Not Yet Completed Level 1
Comments:
Not Yet Completed Level 1
Practice-Based Learning and Improvement 2: Reflective Practice and Commitment to Personal Growth
Identifies the factors Analyzes and reflects on Analyzes, reflects on, and Challenges Coaches others on
which contribute to the factors which institutes behavioral assumptions and reflective practice
gap(s) between contribute to gap(s) change(s) to narrow the considers alternatives in
expectations and actual between expectations and gap(s) between narrowing the gap(s)
performance actual performance expectations and actual between expectations
performance and actual performance
Comments:
Not Yet Completed Level 1
Describes when and how Takes responsibility for Recognizes need to seek Recognizes and uses Identifies and seeks to
to appropriately report own professionalism help in managing and appropriate resources address system-level
professionalism lapses, lapses resolving complex ethical for managing and factors that induce or
including strategies for situations resolving ethical exacerbate ethical
addressing common dilemmas as needed problems or impede their
barriers (e.g., ethics resolution
consultations, literature
Demonstrates Analyzes straightforward Analyzes complex review, risk
knowledge of the ethical situations using ethical situations using ethical management/legal
principles underlying principles principles consultation)
informed consent,
surrogate decision
making, advance
directives, confidentiality,
error disclosure,
stewardship of limited
resources, and related
topics
Comments:
Not Yet Completed Level 1
Professionalism 2: Accountability/Conscientiousness
Comments:
Not Yet Completed Level 1
Comments:
Not Yet Completed Level 1
Identifies barriers to Addresses barriers to When prompted, reflects Role models self-
effective communication effective communication on personal biases while awareness to minimize
(e.g., health literacy, attempting to minimize communication barriers
language, disability, communication barriers
cultural) while accurately
communicating own role
within the health care
system
Comments:
Not Yet Completed Level 1
Accepts feedback on Solicits feedback on Provides feedback and Provides feedback and Facilitates regular health
performance from all performance as a constructive criticism to constructive criticism to care team-based
members of the health member of the health peers and learners superiors feedback in complex
care team (e.g., nurses, care team situations
staff members, peers)
Comments:
Not Yet Completed Level 1
Aware of the role of Appropriately selects Avoids creating or Provides feedback and Facilitates dialogue
communication in patient forms of communication propagating errors in the constructive criticism regarding systems issues
safety and privacy; (e.g., telephone versus medical record through regarding compliance among larger community
safeguards patient text) to promote patient accurate use of with patient privacy and stakeholders (institution,
personal health safety and privacy documentation tools safety health care system, field)
information
Aware of responsibility to Identifies appropriate Uses appropriate Offers clear and Guides departmental or
report system channels to communicate channels to communicate constructive institutional
deficiencies system deficiencies system deficiencies suggestions to address communication around
system deficiencies policies and procedures
Comments:
Not Yet Completed Level 1