CHAGTER Hua Tw tok Nguagin APECE - (2 ) Bespctre collectos 1 base bb) tase-cmitter We ard base - ond emitter teminels one, collector Var voltages ars labeled lokelea in Fry 2. in Fig oe. 2 ane thod + He AWeKe common base cone gaunt Gy = OSS u Ne solve Laan Viz 0. wsov., Te callectos Cuvent = VISA. Tre base comet 3 xin. Fiom FQS-2 5 notte that the base enutier a satge & V, thot 6» Vpp = Vz ©.680V.. Ne le - emitter voltage & quater tar WO Nee? Sean Me 0 masyor » he cdlect Ot quwerit. 6» Tes pytg”« Caluulete Re. api wand camel Bain Pe = Te, = DASHA, = 94.4, Te Suh Coltulote talectoa, went usicg te py me = (42) -4}. Ne 1 Reanal Leltage. at Accom tempat we: Np = 0.99SN.: ‘Scanned with CamSeannerSubsite #2 wolued ip equation (1) te cotain te sou wment aS ph 2 Taf exp ( O.e80V ) ~4 a is ° a 00a ) Suh = &Ls.ee- so] te 2 AQOgh Can = Astoyad Coheulore Ro Arvente ommon - emulien cumnuit goin Pa sve 5 OSS La. are de = A-OSS Hen > the voles ©) Tas pp ond op orn show foble A: | Ts " Re BN nf TASUESIDA RGN 4 which we howe to ad Re value, | eeu 04 Commons emitter. cument goin - fit hee Tro Common — emir output Chovactuishes 404 an Aen’ AAOABSIDA ANB, Qin Bs : i | "|B OA SN Nee ov iv @) Gian circuit porametag ons as yotlous ; Collector comnretto Tee Saf. Coltectoa ~ ervitian voltage 5 Vie aSV FLOM CommOn™ Urruitter oulputt chondetaiche» Foa cdlestoy gaaatt Fe = Sen avcl edléchor- emiler valine: Ike = SV Ma rolue ey lase want Ty 2 Gum, Nie now thats qpasond mmon - emitter anal pi oe & degred as yalose Ppp s Be). a Ey ‘Scanned with CamSeannerNahant Collector cument 1 Ie = Sih tore cuments By = SOup:. Gabstitute Gm yor To 1 GONA yor Te ia equation U) to determine te wolue 2} pArard common - emuitien cument Gore Qo: = Swf = 95.6. Pr od prllowr be sur b). Gian Chart PMMATES Ona a, 4HOWS - Collector aaanent! Le = Amn. Collectoa = emitla wltage 1 Me 2 3-SV- FLOM Common ramutier outpr choraclensiG + 494 aslectos cunint » Te 23mA arch collector - emitter viltage + Vg = F-SV» Te wolue qy bare wrnend & Ty = 8Qh - From equclen ( )yoawovd common= emutier CUMe® Gain be & dvluwrined 0% apllous spe = Bop s_ Sh PFS Te smh 2) Gren crust prmamelens onras yellows: ; Collector cents Te = 4OmP CollectoA ~ emitter voltage ) lke = DAV. 3 Brom common. ernitlen Output ehonacienstes 404 eollector coment « Tes ADmA ond wdllertor envitior voltage Voge ARV? The value sy base arent & Te, = AOOMA . Feom equation U4) 4oasonrdcdrmsnin enutien cumuct goin Pr Sowlrwired as yolows , pe =e = ZOmA_ > 400 Te © 26OpR 2a gentor, The toractot sotwallion, oud, Is 4/* so “Se zs Tha sorworcdl Common - enruttex goin pe 245 The rownrse cOminonr — envitter cwmaantt Gain 1 pa > A. ‘Scanned with CamSeannerTe base emitter vollage 1 Vey = -bv. We base ~ collector voltage Ye = ~6U Tae pollowing AGE 42% PAP Mansetor , show HRY 1 1 faker GS syran : The collector cument expaawvion ~u[oo ST So oy a) Gince, from the gine? ste callactoa = base w) Juctton and emitters base junction © fe pnp = Panerror one mese lorasedl 1 Rus the ord Ure become. rag \icg iby Smads Taroyorr , Ho cdlecto4 Oumertt Spansion 8: Te sis @) Fa. Pe Quloshitute. ‘fe value 04 Te Oncl fre. equotion w.. re = ara ns nao 0 as An yr sad) A = OO ah Te emitien aunurt ~ePsscon., Tz = Ta[ene ( qe eel ell * BL) <4] Viggo OAC Mag, became, Meqligthly enol”, Thus. te emutter.cunent zepussion 2 Troe 2. @oy Pe Cubehtite dia vohies in. Carenuaron (a). Xu Te 2 te i{ Anas) mAbdoe40"'A Pro aS a cA. Sbaft, base coment K daginod ag , I> Je. = = [xe( we)oa] + = Lert) ‘] fot ‘Scanned with CamSeannerVer Gad Veq, become naglighbly malt. Tus the base aunint expres cor SI, P7Is(4t + a) ® Pe fh Substitwte te vole 8) Tes foe M4 fop, i eeyaton &) Tp 27a e adr (+ 2d) ead AS SA (0.468) 2 ‘rel. 30ff, Hence 1 He cowmspending rolue q Ter Te > Ty ove dow ia Be tobe 4; b) It & gen Bor » x Tha thonsittos Catwodion cwnent Tn = Ando A Tha yorroncl comwnon emitien gun pe = AS; The Aserse common emitien camel gon PR=4 Ma pase - emitter voltage Vep = > SV Te bare collector voltage » Voy > ~ SV The Wout diagram frnen hanastos & thhoun h Figure 2. The callecto4t wnaacent i Xe steep (He)-ee (s)| 2 foo(¥s)~1] Gree 1 Po base ~ cdlector juncion and base-emitter junction of ARK Manestoa ane Mwexe bused thus, sv @) Myc nol ge become nacgligib by snout - oy a Go Ae callectoa CAddent expansion te: Te &) #@) Fig2. - Sassiate te value oy Ta ard bp in quien &) te = AOA = = AS44072. 098« 5A = 0.0854 8. 4 Tre emittorA oman & : ne» Toe ts) eor( es) Ee Lee Le) 4] Ver Ond Ue became negligoly mon . ‘Scanned with CamSeannerTherspre 1 the emitin coment erpergion is | Te = = cs) Suoutitae He value S94 Te OAd pap tt equonton, 6) Ter es no Ar oe \s ~A4SBS + AOA = ~4.880R PF Te bose wranort eKPAgsMOr'"IS + Tes 3: ee Lee (Se, Ate) a+ ae ( Me) ‘| Vb 2nd Veg. become neg gy by amo Thaneyorr » the anutter cunaust expression & 7 Ty 27 Ted sa @) pr “Quatute We values STs PR endl pa ih equorion @). Jp =A ACR 4 4 at) =A ns (9.265 ) So WG SOA. ena 1 the crresponding vlue oy Te Te, Ty one chow Potala. Y- 0.92548 —A-StOR Ne Circuit ohaguom Jor “ne Menon We ine A. | Tet opr Hansttod & vorting ix a gorwond Ochs AagOr + Thus» prom te _sorwondl -ChovOCHAINES Jon. Q. tlanastor we base TLhG aA, One f Cumrent ® dlagnedl oS + 4 T)> 2 lee Ce) 4 @) ow) {oma Te? tenets eotMdion amacut : PP rworck conmon “emitter cunsent FQ Le opin. ‘Scanned with CamSeannerEmitter coment a ogned a » F(R A= See ( (se) ‘\ @) Take te Aco a expussont (1) ond @) lt + 42)[ xp (ue) 4] (et) a] 2 (pe +4) © Tee Cpe +) Be pee (BE) - 4. ep Substitute toarespoacting values th te 'enpaesgon - ope = ( 4Qmh Naw = 8-42 49. 0.426 The emitter i exprrssed a Te = (3g: F5) [exp (ee)- 4] Pe Nr Tharyorr 1 sclwation a Ig & Substitute Ro volyes a eepuaision . Te 2 Ade AS A 408 4+ 4 (exp (2) <4) Ihe ON UaS tad" A) [pee 2202 eh. wet eA ©-63 gh [4-04 + (445 + 40" Trence Ho Coanss Pondting volues Pe 45 “ Pe 2 i 6 -OFAA Pr 1 ds are thoan initoble below: ‘Scanned with CamSeannerGs Te galowing ic te gren CihewiE logiom : soph “© Bah The nen tanystos ib Wodbing oh Lvese Getive Aggro . Tus 1 qrom Aoverse ehoractuishe 04 -Mansciva , we tnow tat base current Tp & day as, En a ee (“*) > 4] w Whew - base cument © Te Thansyion sehualion amet TE, Reverse common emitter cument gar Py Bace-cdlector voltag Vac = O.7V. Thermod ultag es Vp = O.0UV at.soom Temp Cartas. Pind collector cuent, Te Kdlegined os . Te = ~Is(4 - +)feep (Yc) - 4] @) Pe Vy Nthor 5 collector _cument "6 Te. Rereage Common - emitter euntent gain. 1S Pr Toke sotto Re above expasssions C4) ancd'(u) to get. -m(A --LY[ exp (Yee) =4] - ; be Ve a - Cpe ey [eters ray le : pa = -(%)-4 Ze Where. &) 2 Collector euedt a Tet Auth. base canent » Le = oun. Raerse Common - emitter cument gon d Pa @ ‘Scanned with CamSeannerSubstiqute He ulue O4 Te + Ty rr expassion ©) to detemune Ake vole 04 ALveRe common - emitter eament gan (o ab jollous = 7 asph Se phe dst LdSa4 aA. OMA We know Bats emitter uraent Ty con be datrmuned as qolows | Tp Te tt = S0uh + Cwm) - -ASBA Now.» cnther one? & dagined aa golous te > > ts[_ep (Wee) cial) Thera Jorn» He twansdtss! satucenon omaent Te 6 expressed as plow + Tg 2 ote @) Vee) ~ 4 exp. ( Lor (We) Who © Thons'stos Satyyomon: Oudent Tg Emittoa amaent » Te = "4S Ae, tease ~ collector voltage. - Mec = 0.9V - Trurmerl lage Vy = O.O3S at 200m tempusoturr . Gubstiide the woe of Tey Mee Vp th the expression @) fo colaulate Re value a bansStor eohwarion wader. Ty as yolbows : Te = EAS" 49 a Gaseaota) .) . Case as’ ey) Fee (2 ow ya) ieee) tae 0.09SV > B.40US "A's O.08O4h = BA. Oa Mena 1 We corres ponding value 28 Py? Ts OAS Pa = AS ae sty 2 34.008 RERNE common - base cudsent gore Xe & dagngol oy golds af y) bet 33D ‘Scanned with CamSeannerHoe, Reese common ~ base cument goun 16 OX . Rererce common mute cument gan Pa = 2 - Qibstrtate al yor be in Lquotien U) to determine He value oy ALVES LOIMmON - base aunent gain Xe ag folows = See > & = Oe. art @ Seulimad caller 4 -emitter wltoge Nogenr 'S caged as ydlows . zy *( Te __ Yee = Velo] (2) lees ae | Ari ke pr te Whaat Reverse common base cument gon % = 0, eae! Somacred collec tor - emitter Auge © Leespr Thermo wltage Vp at 400m temperatuar ik O7 QTV. Rose current. Te = Am. Golecha cument Tes AMA. FOOT. common. either Camrertt gouit oe = SO ROreise tommon ennitier cumestt 9 1 paso. H Gubstiute. ©. 664 yor ole’ 7 O. OSV or Vy » SO 40A Peo J 4A Be 1 AmA AOA Tyr AMA yor Te W exQasssron G2) 40 Astemning Re volue 04 soard collectoa - emitter voltage 9, =) SESAT: A 4pilows (: oh ete > 0.0180 |(4_\s eee Qt a e “SOC Ama) ata. 3 2 0.085 «tn (+) . = Qoag. LAs x aos | aer Jara A- a8 so ‘Scanned with CamSeanner= C005. Ly nGio] SAT. Safe oe ah tote Fouad paca deginnd 06 plows pra, * BE We fos» For8d beta 6 Prog Base auent » Ty = AMA. Collectos comment ‘Te = Amf_. Gubstitute Amm 4m Th AmA yor Ic equodion (3) to determing Pa value 94 soiwd be lous: aah ad. 3 sete Bete Pron BOYS | Prog * ZTE Now, base - emitter voltage Vpe & dgnad as slows - Nee 2 Vn tn Bo tse) Te. &, Ta( 4 4-%) br Vem, Gase- emitter voltoge A Vge - Traamad voltage Vp ot Adcom -tempenctiann & O-OLTV - base amend, = Anh Collectos cument Te AmB - Transistor satiotion uument 1 Te 240A. Rerearse covrmon bare Curent gan 1X 0.667 Fomand common omitier ement gan pr = SO. Gupsttute Bo. voles in expression (4) To he datewrine Re value 2, base ~ emitter voltage - _! Vpe = O-QasV. In Ar + C4 ~ 0:6 64). Am AOSA( 4g 4 - OCG WAC 4 ) OOsyh__AMA + O.3%>mA__ ASS (0.02, +4 > 0,667) Hounds» Dogsv.ln £3,964 ag] No“ A(O3S5) 2 6. F28y a ‘Scanned with CamSeanner@) Reyer to He chews dingdam thyiqure SSP m Aa text book Tre npn Hansste Ib opeaitingy 1 Tea sotimorton Asgron - Thus; both Go junctions one prrond broged| Wharte He expacstron yor the gat sated eallectos- enter veltage . Ait Te ) Veagar > Vel | ( 4.) (pat) Te, OR ~( Te ‘ ea) The ralne 94 fe toneishor cativicdon anrent SACP Tre value of the Laverce common, base Ueent gam 1 up =O." The value of te yornond common base ucMent gain 20-39 Brom yd note thot te collector aurent Te = O - Suloctrtute Ata ralve 94 Cdlectoa auent i equation (¢). a+( iS ) Neesar = Vein (> it Patt Tet wh PEs fs s 2 Subrietate comsporiching SAWS so tRe WAite 12 expasgg'on e ean aie (+4 ( Leah IF ERG = ’ ol Subsite AOMA aoa TKR @ch 0-5 yor NE 5 6 Aa (ott (ae y) at/aty, ; KbQ = “t (o5)) V bats > a to © Detewnina KOQ ot = QO. Amh, Aux fad = fra gee) , ¥6Q = = 4005. : . ackd ide gpm ny 2 Determine eg? Ot te = amA B nun (ME PD - “> eq = aoe vot OAs: ° Oererenind KEQ ak | wc ave Law 4 ( A0U0S Y Span = Aor = Cetewving KOSQ ot i = 400mA paw tas Art [A 44 t sue woo cu. *40(4072), yo poe) Lm RAASR). Ksq = a es ‘Scanned with CamSeanner2 Dearne Ke ie = ACOOmA + At (SoG ey) kag = Aotwo"*) 7 = S.Sae . of Veterming Bo Q -pont 404 the zoun-esistor bias cacurt + Te gour- aasbhos bras CACUid Te hoy balow | a) Te equivalent whtag® Vig S dyad! sete sun peat “ca sere 3 Here * collector couple voltage Vie = AOV ; Po Laasrsiana Ra = 36k = 3e80D.Q 6 ‘| Chowk aasictana R2 > QL AD E = 62000. “Suan AQV gore BO0OO -2 yor 1 La ROOD 2. Arr Ry te derewmune VE ; Veg 2 AON F002 S000-2 + EDOOQ . 4AOV > ALG, 683%) = OSSIU.. Tee equivalent rettang. Reg tS cohuulated| palow + Bog > tube 2 B6O00-R. (OFO0.0). gover ger Wa 6ROG9-L, + WOOOD, Qa 5 9 Ne base coment Te ‘sdaginad bdow 3p = Nee = Ven “Vea Req tC pe tA). Re. Yeas froth conght sotinge 1 Vg = ADV. Equivalent voltage 1 Neg 2 61 S$P.M.. Ennitter~ base voltage Vey = O.FV> Equialent assteng’, Seg = 2d-Si em a 2h 2. © ‘Scanned with CamSeannerThe base camer Ty iS daginach below :Ty +, Nee 7 New = Veco Req *Cpr AIRE Equivolent ypltage » Urq = &:Séov. Emutter bate tdiage@. Ye = O.1V.- Equicleat arsstonw Rpg 2 2S. S4EQ = 135,01 - Foawand common — miter cuaaent gar pe >SO . Ag 8 3SkEN = SSQ00.2 Sulostrhate: 6.53 404 Vag 1 O.3V 404 Veg 1 2S4OL gor REO + SEOOS yor Re 1 SO yor fe to Aeterna Ty « 3 AB OWE SOOV a asd | Here 1 Emitter couplicl veliage pe = 4OV - | LSSHQAD + (CSOFA)CHOOCON-)_ 2BSHO + APSOOO ee BRON ere ah Sous 6p AtOGS 40 F Fhe collector Cuarent Te % Aetruming below + Te = br. Te = SOC ACIP uA) = 8O.9uR. Ve emitter ciment Tp & datumine-bilow ; Tet (pee a Eye Saba be pA) 8 RLS A Te enu'tler- collecto'a voltage Veo 1% Cleleamiwol blow + Veo = Vee ~ Re Te > Rei Te = AOULAteA (HAA) (2h lea LEZ. Sul = A0= Ud 000-2) 20, 9445°R) ~Grcoo.2 92 5.40%) > AO7 8.059} - 2.3225 = $39V. 1D). The equialuat wltage Vygis deyined below: Ug = Me. Re Feu. Salletor Couple shtnge + Voc. 2 AOU! _ wth Cikourf As srstanw Ra > BoeO = ALOU Cacu® vasttene 0, = ken sseoo 2 - 5 ‘Scanned with CamSeannetSebstture ADU Jor We , WOOD, oa 4 1 AWOO 4 Ve td Cotarnmmna Vy + Veg = AOU - AMCOD sal 0. OS82)~ OTB2V. ASGOO-A Ft ARCO-D The equivalent casiston@ Reg ts cateuleted below : Req > tte = aaccg. UBO92) 5 4.30% Aart A, Facog, * 14400 -—L Febase ument Ty ht dayne blow :Ty> Vee yo Ves . : £0 Reo + (pr +485 Rete: Emvtien couple: voltage \pg 2 OV Covalent voltage ? Ug + 6.559 . Eon tea- bage voltage. Vg, 2 OAV. Equivalent aisistene 6 Rey 8 AFO¥ KU = 4rOP a. Fosuard Comman - amitler coment gatn Bp = SO - Ervtien argstotea.: Ree SUD = bk > 6Q002._ s Gubgiture 6-580 gor Meg OAV JOA Veg AOR Ae. Bay OLOOD yor KE; SO yor. He go datumns Ty: 4, = AQT D-AV- 6 SOW = RAL : AA 9P 2 * (SOAI)LGGCON) gRO" + SDBECO = 2560 _ . 8.098 2S A = PO82 ph B44yOP Te lector, cnnenti Te KE Aetermunod below. + To's pr Ly = 5O(2.O8 aN) = 4046+ 10" = Acy-bet. To emitter cument Tei otetewmursct. below: Te = (pe tAV Ty = SUC 8.092 + AON = U2. 63m. Tre. calle cod emutler cOltage Voge > dleteunined below: ‘Scanned with CamSeannera = AOV~ WO &ER)AOY. OMA) = C-CK QICAA. 63 WA) = 40 ( 9600.2.) L4o4 6» 45°) ~ (OOOO) (412,69 » Sn) = AD 3, AI9SE = LrTRSTS4 = GIOFV.. C) The equivalent vollege Upg ib deyined below : Vea > “oe Herr: Collector couple voltage » Ye = AOV - Coc} ansitone » R= S(%'Q) = AVQCOOZ + Cauut sovtiane &2 = 5 COPER) = B4CO09-2 Gabsirute ADV Jor Ve 1 APOODO 2 4o1 ta 1 B4OOCVL goa Re to detarming Veg. - . = 340.090 2 = ial. ar ASOQTO.D + 3400002 Growl ; Te equidlert assidtante _&eq - ween below. & = AX990.2(b40909-2) 2 Add Fee Raa Ur APOOOO 2 + b4AWSSO -2- E33) 0 Octermine Re Cmitter eument Tel —— Te = pe, Og Uh gst ibe’ 2h AOA Waite Ro @oPAGon yor Luthor, ABCA ae. Vex Tee. Were Emetjer Gument Bes A, Odeaft Emitter, yolinge Ve = SV. { Subsictute A104 mf for Te, OV 4o4 Ve qpiktadihe UES SV =(4, O41 MA) Re i Xe = 2 = 2840 dbo Aa "47S ‘Scanned with CamSeannerDetermine the collector ssustane. Be +» by OP Aayrng. Linch O44 '2 voltage low ot Re cuter loop. 7 Ne - Tote +9 x do 9rq Deternnina to larte soltoga Vy + Vee = Vey > Ve: O.4v 5 Vy = bv. Ne = OF 48 2 3.3V, Ver muine te base ennent ! i Ty = Be = Anh 2 Ae son = 0.0/mh. Pe 400. ok se . Now cheorig, cuouit cuanent Lis 40Iy and Bs Aity Detemning Aho oraut arrange Ry. 2 2 SAV ecb AL QO4 «40 R) te Qs Ne Ae 40C-0.04mA) = 3h = 33 QR. dea 4 Derewuine Ro cncut arsstanta By. 2 Vee MBs UN ~ RAV 2 BS 2 5.4540 .OAMB) — 41 Q.-04) o.davigred or AgswhowbeoS cua aun. below: by). Oetermuinad Me equivalent voltage Usa, Veg sft. \be ba Rte i : Sova 2.26 U2) ED +F5bQ Ada 2 >. KV @ ‘Scanned with CamSeannerPetewnina the equuitalent acosionw Reg jor he Crcut - Reg = GURL = wha (Askb.e2) = WD = wy. wWka BGO + KD 444 Nate Bo exprussOn gor base Gamert Te » dy oppayng Kencbemys |S volienge low: 1, = Vea — Vee Reg t Cet Ate Her. Equielsrt voltage Veg 2 o-¥b2V. Base - envither voltage . Vago OW. Tguioliat -2s'stort Req 2 4 SILL. Roauond common - envi Cumet gn Gs = ACO - Enuitien ancora » Re = SEL. Cabstrtute Re ccrrgspendung values to doteming Te. T. =_Nea > Vos = bvd2V.- O.4V Gea pe tA Re 24 BREN CHOOAAI CBD) 6.292 = 8-492 > S.ASyh £9: 29%. AL SLO + 104( 2000) . Sk FAD Determung tte cliector coment Te. Be 5 pr Fe = 100 CS.AS MADE OS Smn Cae feo emitter eument Tyo = (pet ad-Tp 2 (400 +4919 ASMA) = 0.9 PAmh- Se Re_ulectod ~ Cowirer voltage: Meg 7 by applying, Krrdkkogy's Voltage low, Vos = Moc 7 Rete > Me Te = AV 3% ER 0.3 45mA) > ~ 86.2. (0.84 a> = A421 89002.) (0.995 ¥ 4d 7A) ~ (2000.9) 0 Ok ea AD ~ AQ - SOAS ~ 2.982 = SAV. ‘Scanned with CamSeannerte Te = AORA Noe = bu « Vec = AN pr ws & MWe Wowe se zTe & = 20 pARG Tp» 3e_= TCP tA) 36 Op o e aS Re Reply WWL® AP ~ Icke - 6 ~3e.%e =O Pte CANAD RL BEY (Aon aaD. FE 4s Choose &= Akg. &e= AOV-SSta. 2 PSIUme ADT, enter mio GQ Aviuout . vi = APee hp Soda 6 Rae e = NORA = 133, Bb aFt is as Let Ve = 0-7 Coub in, witage) OF Fie. ke = 33.93%. 9e2 , > We AAS A + AQ Ty Fact ST Q. = oe Sie, > AB = Aol 453, MSF VR + 9 488, 25 ASD DR, = AL. OAMZ. ‘Scanned with CamSeanner