RI 6 - BIOTECHNOLOGY

RISING STAR ACADEMY - +92-331-4097486

SI
N Haroon Bhatti
G
ST
A 2021 – F4
+9 R
23 ON
31 L
40 IN
97 E A
48 C
6 A
D
EM
Y
 2021
6 - BIOTECHNOLOGY – F4
Biology Chapter 6
BIOTECHNOLOGY

Y
EM
Question # 1

D
Choose the correct answer from the following:

6 A
1B

48 C
97 E A
2C
3A 40 IN
4C
31 L
23 ON

5C
6B
+9 R

7C
A
ST

8B
9C
G
N

10C
SI
RI

RISING STAR ACADEMY - +92331-4097486 Page 1

 2021
6 - BIOTECHNOLOGY – F4

Answer all of the following questions

Y
Question # 1

EM
Define the following terms:

D
a. biotechnology

6 A
It is use of living organism or living entities with technological tool for

48 C
better production of biomolecule and human services. Example

97 E A
antibiotics production, plant tissue culture, wine production, etc.

b. Plasmid
40 IN
It is a small circular, extra chromosomal, double stranded DNA
31 L

molecule present in bacteria which carry gene to help bacteria to survive

23 ON

in adverse condition. Example : col plasmid, R plasmid

c. Genetic engineering
+9 R
A

It is manipulation of living organisms characters by altering its genetic

ST

material (example Bt cotton ,delayed ripening in tomato, etc.

d. Transformation
G
N

DNA transformation is process in which direct uptake and incorporation

SI

of exogenous genetic material from its surrounding through cell

membrane transfer into the host cell.
RI

RISING STAR ACADEMY - +92331-4097486 Page 2

 2021
6 - BIOTECHNOLOGY – F4

Question # 2

Y
List two types of medical products that can be

EM
produced using DNA technology?
Answer:

D
6 A
Two types of medical products that can be generated using DNA

48 C
technology are as follows:

97 E A
1. Human growth hormone that is used in treating dwarfism
2. Colony-stimulating factors that are used in treating deficiencies of
40 IN
immune-system by stimulating the production of white blood cells.
31 L
23 ON
+9 R
A
ST
G
N
SI
RI

RISING STAR ACADEMY - +92331-4097486 Page 3

 2021
6 - BIOTECHNOLOGY – F4

Y
Question # 3

EM
Relate bioethics to the continued development of
genetic engineering techniques.

D
6 A
Answer:

48 C
The study of ethical issues associated to the DNA technology is

97 E A
termed as bioethics. Many scientists are involved in
identification of and addressing any legal, ethical, and social
40 IN
issues that have arisen as the techniques of genetic engineering
31 L

have developed nearly all scientists agreed to the fact of

23 ON

continued restraint and oversight is needed.

For example, it is of concern to some people that genetically
+9 R

modified (GM) crops may cause harm to the environment in

A

unusual ways.
ST
G
N
SI
RI

RISING STAR ACADEMY - +92331-4097486 Page 4

 2021
6 - BIOTECHNOLOGY – F4

Y
EM
Question # 4

D
Describe two major goals of the Human Genome Project.

6 A
Answer:

48 C
97 E A
The HGP (Human Genome Project) is a scientific approach for the
determination of the sequence of the chemical base pairs of human
40 IN
DNA.
The two main goals of HGP are:
31 L
23 ON

1. For sequencing and mapping all the DNA base pairs of the
chromosomes of humans
+9 R

2. Identifying all the genes within a sequence

A
ST
G
N
SI
RI

RISING STAR ACADEMY - +92331-4097486 Page 5

 2021
6 - BIOTECHNOLOGY – F4

Y
Question # 5

EM
Distinguish between proteomics and genomics.

D
Answer:

6 A
Genomics is defined as the study of genomes, which is the complete

48 C
genetic makeup of humans and other organisms. It helps in

97 E A
understanding the sequences of bases in genomes and also the function
of genes, introns and as well as intragenic sequences like repetitive DNA
40 IN
(deoxyribonucleic acid) elements, transposons and unique noncoding
DNA.
31 L
23 ON

Proteomics is defined as the study of structure, function and interaction

of cellular proteins. It helps in identifying and determining the proteins
function within a particular cell type. It also helps in the studying of
+9 R

three-dimensional shape of cellular proteins through computer modeling

A
ST
G
N
SI
RI

RISING STAR ACADEMY - +92331-4097486 Page 6

 2021
6 - BIOTECHNOLOGY – F4

Question # 6

Y
Outline the different applications of

EM
biotechnology
Answer:

D
6 A
The applications of biotechnology include therapeutics, diagnostics,

48 C
genetically modified crops for agriculture, processed food,

97 E A
bioremediation, waste treatment, and energy production.
40 IN
31 L
23 ON
+9 R
A
ST
G
N
SI
RI

RISING STAR ACADEMY - +92331-4097486 Page 7

 2021
6 - BIOTECHNOLOGY – F4

Question # 7

Y
List some techniques of genetic engineering.

EM
Answer:

D
Techniques are as follow:

6 A
1. Molecular cloning (Recombinant DNA)

48 C
97 E A
2. Gene delivery
3.Genome editing
40 IN
31 L
23 ON
+9 R
A
ST
G
N
SI
RI

RISING STAR ACADEMY - +92331-4097486 Page 8

 2021
6 - BIOTECHNOLOGY – F4

Y
Question # 8

EM
Delineate the transgenic organisms and their
significance.

D
6 A
Answer:

48 C
Transgenic organisms are important research tools, and are often used

97 E A
when exploring a gene's function. Transgenesis is also related to the
medical practice of gene therapy, in which DNA is transferred into a
40 IN
patient's cells to treat disease.
31 L
23 ON
+9 R
A
ST
G
N
SI
RI

RISING STAR ACADEMY - +92331-4097486 Page 9

 2021
6 - BIOTECHNOLOGY – F4
Question # 9
Explain the procedure for the following

Y
a. PCR

EM
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used to amplify a specific DNA
sequence by using a pair of oligonucleotide primers. Each pair is complementary to

D
one end of the target DNA sequence. Therefore, PCR is very useful to generate a

6 A
DNA fragment required for cloning experiment. Diagnosis of specific mutation

48 C
which are related to genetic diseases.

97 E A
b. Gel Electrophpresis
Electrophoresis is a method of separation of charged molecules by applying an
40 IN
electric field.
31 L
Starch gel electrophoresis is used to separate molecules with the help of starch gel.
23 ON

This gel act as molecular sieve. Starch is partially hydrolysed in buffer to prepare a
solution. Then trhe solution is heated and cooled to get starch gel.

c. Gene therapy
+9 R
A

Gene therapy is an experimental technique that uses genes to treat or

ST

prevent disease. It is designed to introduce genetic material into cells to

compensate the abnormal genes or to make a beneficial protein.
G

Gene therapy is used for the treatment of genetic diseases in humans.

N

Example of genetic diseases are phenylketonuria, haemophgilia A, cystis

SI

fibrosis etc
RI

RISING STAR ACADEMY - +92331-4097486 Page 10

 2021
6 - BIOTECHNOLOGY – F4

Question # 10

Y
Describe human genome project and its main

EM
goals.
Answer:

D
6 A
The HGP (Human Genome Project) is a scientific approach for the

48 C
determination of the sequence of the chemical base pairs of human

97 E A
DNA.
The main goals of HGP are:
40 IN
1. For sequencing and mapping all the DNA base pairs of the
31 L
chromosomes of humans.
23 ON

2. Identifying all the genes within a sequence.

+9 R
A
ST
G
N
SI
RI

RISING STAR ACADEMY - +92331-4097486 Page 11

 2021
6 - BIOTECHNOLOGY – F4

Question # 11

Y
Discuss the drastic environmental impacts of oil

EM
spills and how the microbes like bacteria can help
mitigate the problem.

D
Answer:

6 A
48 C
When oil spills occur in our oceans, they leave behind a wake of

97 E A
ecological devastation. Microbes can play an important role in
biodegradation and bioremediation of environmental pollutants, as some
40 IN
can actively degrade these harmful substances, converting them into
harmless metabolic byproducts.
31 L
23 ON
+9 R
A
ST
G
N
SI
RI

RISING STAR ACADEMY - +92331-4097486 Page 12

 2021
6 - BIOTECHNOLOGY – F4

Question # 12

Y
Give an account of significance of transgenic

EM
organisms in food industry.
Answer:

D
6 A
A Transgenic organism is that whose genetic material has been altered

48 C
using genetic engineering techniques. Transgenic organisms possess a

97 E A
novel combination of genetic material to improve the phenotypic traits
and features. These modifications produce a new organism which has a
new genetic makeup by adding or deleting or replacing genetic material.
40 IN
The applications of transgenic organism is very beneficial in recent
31 L

years, like production of production of crops with increased nutrient

23 ON

content and physical appearance like more thick walled (outer sheath) of
tomatoes, colorful capsicums, short size of wheat, golden wheat etc.
+9 R
A
ST
G
N
SI
RI

RISING STAR ACADEMY - +92331-4097486 Page 13

 2021
6 - BIOTECHNOLOGY – F4

Question # 13

Y
Describe the uses of DNA finger printing.

EM
Answer:

D
These are the possible uses of DNA fingerprinting

6 A
(a) Use of DNA fingerprinting in legal disputes, notably to help solve

48 C
crimes and to determine paternity.

97 E A
(b) It is also used to identify inherited genetic diseases.
40 IN
(c) It can be used to identify genetic matches between tissue donors and
recipients.
31 L
23 ON
+9 R
A
ST
G
N
SI
RI

RISING STAR ACADEMY - +92331-4097486 Page 14

 2021
6 - BIOTECHNOLOGY – F4

Question # 14

Y
What is gene cloning?

EM
Answer:

D
Gene cloning, also known as molecular cloning, refers to the process of

6 A
isolating a DNA sequence of interest for the purpose of making multiple

48 C
copies of it. The identical copies are clones

97 E A
40 IN
31 L
23 ON
+9 R
A
ST
G
N
SI
RI

RISING STAR ACADEMY - +92331-4097486 Page 15

 2021
6 - BIOTECHNOLOGY – F4

Question # 15

Y
Elaborately discuss recombinant DNA technology

EM
and its usefulness.
Answer:

D
6 A
Recombinant DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) technology, joining of DNA

48 C
molecules from two different species and inserting them into a host to

97 E A
produce new genetic combinations that have value medicine, science,
agriculture, and human benefits.
40 IN
Applications of recombinant DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) technology
31 L
1. It is used for mass production of protein based drugs. First drug
23 ON

manufactured using this technology is insulin.

2. Production of transgenic organisms
+9 R

3. Genetically modified foods are produced using recombinant DNA

A

technology
ST

4. It helps in the process of bioremediation

G
N
SI
RI

RISING STAR ACADEMY - +92331-4097486 Page 16