Transcription and Translation Exercise (Marking guide)

1. DNA strand: A T T A C G A T C T G C A C A A G A C T T C (2marks)

Transcription
mRNA strand: U A A U G C U A G A C G U G UU C U G A A G
Translation
Amino Acids: MET LEU ASP VAL PHE Stop

2. DNA strand: CG TACGAATTGCCAATT ACT (2marks)

Transcription
mRNA strand: G C A U G C U U A A C G G U U A A U G A
Translation
Amino Acids MET LEU ASN GLY Stop

3. DNA strand: T A C G G A A T C G A T G C G C G C A C T (2marks)

Transcription
mRNA strand: A U G C C U U A G C U A C G C G C G U G A
Translation
Amino Acids: MET PRO Stop

4. DNA strand: T A C C C A T G G G G A A A T A T C (2marks)

Transcription
mRNA strand: A U G G G U A C C C C U U U A U A G
Translation
Amino Acids: MET GLY THR PRO LEU Stop

If a substitution mutation occurs at position 6 of the DNA sequence in Question 4, in

which the A is replaced by a G. What would be the resultant amino acid sequence?
Similar: MET GLY THR PRO LEU Stop (1 mark)

What type of point mutation occurred? _silent mutation-_ (1 mark)

5. DNA strand: G C G C T A C A A T T G G A T C G T (2marks)

Transcription
mRNA strand: C G C G A U G U U A A C C U A G C U
Translation
Amino Acids: MET LEU THR stop

6. Ethidium Bromide is dye used in the laboratory to label DNA fragments. However,
you are advised to avoid contact with the dye when conducting your laboratory work.
Explain why? (2 marks)
It’s a carcinogen. e.g. of an intercalating dye, gets sandwiched between DNA
strands/nucleotides→disrupt replication/transcription → cancer
7. A certain virus stores its genetic information in a single stranded DNA. When DNA
was extracted and analyzed, 20% of the bases were G, calculate the % of A, and C
(2 marks)
Single stranded, therefore cannot determine the % of others.. (Chargaffs rule doesn’t
apply!!!)

8. The coding portion of the human β-globin mRNA is 444 nucleotides long. How many
amino acids make up the polypeptide? (2 marks)
146 Amino Acids (444/3 = 148) –(1x start-Meth, and 1x stop)

9. A segment of a gene specified the RNA transcript; 5’-CGAUUGG-3’. What would be

the nucleotide sequence of the coding strand of the segment? (2 mark)

• Template strand: 3’-GCTAACC-5’

• Coding strand: 5’-CGATTGG-3’

10. A protein has the following amino acid sequence. Construct a DNA nucleotide
sequence of this portion of the gene. How many nucleotide sequence combinations
are possible?

Polypeptide: Methionine-Phenylalanine-Tryptophan-Glycine-Alanine
mRNA: AUG—UUU/C—UGG—GGU/C/A/G –- GCU/C/A/G
DNA: TAC—AAA/G---ACC----CCA/G/T/C ---CGA/G/T/C (3marks)

Possible number of nucleotide seq: 1 x 2 x 1 x 4 x 4 = 32 (2 marks)

11. Equipment in the laboratory such as pipettes or hair clippers in hair salons
is frequently exposed to uv light, yet we are advised against excessive
exposure to uv. Explain (4 marks)

Uv radiation causes formation of Thymidine dimers, which disrupts replication &

transcription. Thus sterilizing for uni-cellular organisms. For higher organisms affect
the epidermal layer and this could lead to skin cancer for instance.

12. Mutations are sometimes beneficial to an organism; come up with your

own example to explain such a scenario. (2
marks)
BIO212 LAB GROUP: _________________________

NAME & ID# ________________________

LAB-7: Transcription, Translation and DNA Mutations Exercise

1. DNA strand: A T T A C G A T C T G C A C A A G A C T T C (2 marks)

Transcription
mRNA strand: __________________________________________
Translation
Amino Acids: __________________________________________

2. DNA strand: C G T A C G A A T T G C C A A T T A C T (2 marks)

Transcription
MRNA strand: __________________________________________
Translation
Amino Acids: __________________________________________

3. DNA strand: T A C G G A A T C G A T G C G C G C A C T (2 marks)

Transcription
MRNA strand: __________________________________________
Translation
Amino Acids: __________________________________________

4. DNA strand: T A C C C A T G G G G A A A T A T C (2 marks)

Transcription
MRNA strand: __________________________________________
Translation
Amino Acids: __________________________________________

If a substitution mutation occurs at position 6 of the DNA sequence in Question 4, in

which the A is replaced by a G. What would be the resultant amino acid sequence?
___________________________________________________________ (1 mark)

What type of point mutation occurred? ____________________________ (1 mark)

 5. DNA strand: G C G C T A C A A T T G G A T C G T (2 marks)
Transcription
MRNA strand: __________________________________________
Translation
Amino Acids: __________________________________________

6. Ethidium Bromide is dye used in the laboratory to label DNA fragments.

However, you are advised to avoid contact with the dye when conducting
your laboratory work. Explain why? (2 marks)

7. A certain virus stores its genetic information in a single stranded DNA. When
DNA was extracted and analyzed, 20% of the bases were G, calculate the %
of A, and C (2 marks)

8. The coding portion of the human β-globin mRNA is 444 nucleotides long.
How many amino acids make up the polypeptide? (2 marks)

9. A segment of a gene specified the RNA transcript; 5’-CGAUUGG-3’. What

would be the nucleotide sequence of the coding strand of the segment?
(2 mark)

10. A protein has the following amino acid sequence. Construct a DNA
nucleotide sequence of this portion of the gene. How many nucleotide
sequence combinations are possible? (5 marks)

Methionine-Phenylalanine-Tryptophan-Glycine-Alanine
11. Equipment in the laboratory such as pipettes or hair clippers in hair salons
is frequently exposed to uv light, yet we are advised against excessive
exposure to uv. Explain (3 marks)

12. Mutations are sometimes beneficial to an organism; come up with your

own example to explain such a scenario. (2 marks)