SUPPLEMENTARY Name Section

MATERIALS Quarter THIRD Grade Level 10

Teacher BERNADETTE V. PANGILINAN Teaching Face to Face
SCIENCE Modality
Teaching Time No of Days/Week 4 days/ week 4
Content Standard:
The learners demonstrate the understanding of
1. the information stored in DNA as being used to make proteins
2. how changes in a DNA molecule may cause changes in its product
3. mutations that occur in sex cells as being heritable
Most Essential Learning Competencies:
Explain how protein is made using information from DNA
Topic: Central Dogma of the Transfer of Genetic Information

Direction: Read carefully the procedure in different learning tasks, write your answer on the activity sheets.
*Basahing Mabuti ang ipinagagawa sa bawat learning task, isulat ang sagot sa sagutang papel.

Learning Task 1. Fill the Table below to differentiate DNA from RNA.
Basis of Comparison DNA RNA
1. Number of strands
2. Location in the cell
3. Type of sugar
4. Nitrogenous base pair

Learning Task 2. The Central Dogma of the Transfer of Genetic Information.

A. Replication : DNA makes DNA
note: Partial strand is a segment of a strand.
Remember: DNA molecule follows the “rule of complementarity,” which means that A bonds with T, and C bonds with G.
Example: Given DNA chain T A C G A T - ito ang given, mgkapartner ang A at T, saka ang C at G.
Complementary chain A T G C _ _ kaya ang sagot ay A T G C T A

Given the partial strand of the DNA, Give the partial Complementary DNA strand
this is the process of Replication.
Given DNA chain 1. T T C G T T G C C 2. G G C C T A A G C 3. G A G C T A A T T
Complementary chain ________________ _________________ ________________

Tandaaan: Ang ibinigay na halimbawa sa itaas na inyong sinagutan ay isang complementary strand lamang ng DNA, at dahil
dalawa ang strand ng DNA ibig sabihin sa totoong pangyayari habang binubuo ang isang strand kasabay din nitong nabubuo ang
isa pa kaya ang resulta dalawang magkatulad na magkatulad na DNA strand ang mabubuo. Ito ang DNA replication at nagaganap
ito sa loob ng nucleus ng bawat cell.

B. Transcription: DNA to RNA

Remember: In Transcription the DNA was transcribed to messenger RNA (mRNA), where in G is transcribed to C, C is
transcribed to G, T is transcribed to A, while A is transcribed to U because there is no T in RNA.
*Sa Transcription ang DNA ay nagiging RNA kung saan kinokopya ng mRNA ang DNA at binubuo ang isang strand lamang. Sa
RNA ay walang Thymine *T at napaplitan ito ng Uracil *U, ang kaibahan nito sa replication, hindi nito dinodoble ang strand
bagkus ay ikinokonvert lamang kung saan ang G ay nagiging C, ang C ay nagiging G, ang T ay nagiging A at ang A naman ay
nagiging U. Isaisip itong pagpapalitang ito C-G, G-C, T-A, A-U. Ang tawag sa mabubuong strand ay transcribed mRNA

Example: DNA partial strand T A C G A T - ito ang given, mula DNA strand na magiging mRNA stand.
Transcribed mRNA A U G C _ _, kaya ang sagot ay AUG CUA

Given the partial strand of the DNA, Give the partial gtranscribed mRNA strand, this is the process of Transcription
DNA partial strand 1. T T C G T T G C C 2. G G C C T A A G C 3. G A G C T A A T T
mRNA strand ________________ _________________ ________________

Tandaan ang partial strand na inyong nabuo ay isang mRNA partial strand kung saaan ito ay lumalabas sa cytoplasm ng cell
hndi kagaya ng replication na sa loob ng nucleus, ang mRNA ay mahalaga dahil ito ang itatranslate ng tRNA upang maging
protein, na pinakaimportanteng biomolecule na bumubuo sa bawat cell ng isang organismo.
C. Translation: RNA to Protein
In Translation, the mRNA is translated into protein and happens also in the cytoplasm, in this part, the mRNA is read as three
letter code known as codon. Each codon represents a protein that can be seen on the genetic code. Each protein is carried by
another 3-letter code known as anti-codon or tRNA - transfer RNA, this carries the protein corresponding to mRNA, tRNA is
NOT the one that is being translated. There are 60 codes in the table corresponding to 20 amino acids and three stop codon
and special code methionine which is also known as start codon.

Sa translation ang mRNA ay nagiging protina, bahaging ito ang mRNA ay binabasa ng tatluhang letra (3- letter code) na
tinatawag na CODON, ang bawat codon ay may katumbas na protina na mkikita sa mRNA genetic code. Tandaan tinganang
mabuti ang inyong genetic code table kung ito ba ay mRNA o tRNA table, ang aking ibinigay ay mRNA table, ngunit pwedeng
may makita kayong tRNA table sa internet. Sa mRNA table ang simula ay UUU- Phenylalanine.
Ang itatranslate ay ang mRNA codons, hindi ang tRNA, ang tRNA ay tagapagdala lamang ng protina. *transferRNA
Expanation: Tanslate the Given DNA chain into protein.
Example: Given DNA partial strand TAC GAT -ito ang given, DNA strand na magiging mRNA strand.
Transcription Transcribed mRNA AUG CUA -ito ang sagot sa transcription, *mRNA
Translation Protein Methionine – Leucine -ito ang protein chain my dash (-) sa pagitan, tiningnan
Anticodon UAC GAU sa genetic code table ang katumbas na protein ng AUG
at CUA, ang nagdadala nman nito ay ang anti codon.
Ang UAC at GAU ay mga anticodons, tRNA sila kakontra/katapat ng letra ng mRNA codons. ( C-G, G-C, U-A, A-U.)
The mRNA Genetic Code Table

Using your copy of the mRNA Genetic Code Table translate the following mRNA to protein and give the anticodon.
*mRNA na ang given diretso nyo nga tingnan sa Genetic code ang protein. Saka isulat ang anti codon sa baba.
mRNA strand 1. UUG CAA CGG 2. CCG GAU UCG 3. CUG GAU UAA
Leucine -
Protein chain ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________
anticodon AAC
___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________
Learning Task 3. Protein Synthesis
Complete the table below to understand the protein synthesis. The first column indicate the order of bases of DNA,
identify the amino acids coded for by the mRNA codon using the Genetic Code Table.
Order of bases Order of bases in mRNA Order of Bases in tRNA Amino Acid coded into
in DNA (codon) (anticodon) Protein
TAG AUC
ACA ACA
GUC Valine (V)
CCA
Methionine (M)
UGA
Learning Task 4. Decode the Message
From the given partial strand of DNA , write the corresponding mRNA and its corresponding letter code to decode the
message. In every stop codon is represented with a dash. An example is given below. Use an extra sheet of paper.
CTA TTA CGA ACT TAG AGC ATT GAA TAG AAA CTT ATC
GAU AAU GCU UGA AUC UCG UAA CUU AUC UUU GAA UAG
D N A - I S - L I F E -
1. AGA ACA TAA CTC TTA ACA CTC ACT TAA AGA ATT CCA GCA CTC CGA TGA
2. AAT CTC CGA GCT TTG TAG TTA CCC ATT TAG AGT ATC TAG TTG TGT CTC GCT CTC AGG TGC TAT TTG CCT