BEAM - COLUMNS

 Interaction Formulas
 Moment Amplification
 Braced versus unbraced Frames
 Members in Braced Frames
 Member in Unbraced Framed
 Design of Beam Columns

CATATAN : SEMUA
CONTAH SOAL BELUM Segui, T, W., 2007, Steel Design, 4th edition Thomson
DISESUAIKAN SNI 1729 2015 Chapter H
 Interaction Formulas

required axial strength, required flexural strength,

determined in determined in accordance with
accordance with Chapter C
Chapter C

H1-1a

available flexural
available axial strength strength, determined in
determined in accordance accordance with
with Chapter E Chapter F

H1-1b
 Apendix 8 SNI 1729 2015
 Moment Amplification

P At an arbitrary point O, there is a bending

moment caused by the uniform load and an
additional moment Py caused by the axial load
acting at an eccentricity from the longitudinal
axis of the member .

y M
o
o y This secondary moment is largest where the
deflection is largest in this case at the centerline,
W
L

 where the total moment is wL2/8 + P ,

The additional moment causes an additional

deflection over and above that resulting from the
transverse load. Because the total deflection
cannot be found directly, this problem is
nonlinear, and without knowing the deflection,
we cannot compute the moment
Ordinary structural analysis method that do not take the displaced geometry into account
are referred to as first order method. Iterative numerical techniques, called second order
method can be used to find the deflections and secondary moments, but this method are
impractical for manual calculations and are usually implemented with a computer
program

AISC, SNI 1729 specification, permit the use of either a second order analysis or the
moments amplification method

This method entails computing the maximum bending moment resulting from flexural
loading (transverse load or member end moments) by a first order analysis, then multiplying
by a moment amplification factor to account for the secondary moment.
 y
The initial crookedness can be
approximated by
y0
e
P P x

y
x ymax
L/2 L/2
Moment curvature

L
The bending moment, M, is caused by the eccentricity of the axial load ,P, with respect to the
axis of the member. This eccentricity consists of the initial crookedness yo plus additional
deflection, resulting from bending. At any location, the moment is

Substituting this equation into the differential equation, we obtain

 Nonhomogeneous differential equations

 Second order equation, there are two boundary

conditions

At the support, the boundary conditions are :

At x = 0, y = 0 and at x = l, y = 0
A function that satisfies both the differential equation and the boundary conditions is
𝑀 =𝑃 𝑦 +𝑦

The maximum moment occurs at x = L/2

⁄
⁄

Moment amplification factor

Unamplified maximum moment

 Braced versus unbraced Frames

P P Two amplification factors are used :

D
1) To account for amplification resulting from the member
deflection
2) to account effect of sway when member the member
is part of an unbraced frame

L

P
B1 and B2
PD

Mr = B1 Mnt + B2 Mlt (A-8-1)

Pr = Pnt + B2 Plt (A-8-2)

Lateral translation
No translation
Mnt = maximum moment assuming that no sidesway
occurs, whether the frame is actually braced or
not ( the subscript nt is for no translation)
Mlt = maximum moment caused by sidesway ( the
subscript lt is for lateral translation). This moment
can be caused by lateral load or by unbalanced
gravity loads. Gravity loads can produce sidesway
if the frame is unsymmetrical or if the gratify loads
are unsymmetrically placed. Mlt will be zero if the
frame is actually braced
B1 = amplification factor for the moment occurring in
the member when it is braced againt sidesway
B2 = amplification factor for the moment resulting from
sidesway
 Members in Braced Frames
P

Mo
Mo P
 
Mo P
M2 Mma Mma
x x

M2
P Mo + P  or
+ =

M1
M1
P Mo P Mmax = M2 Mmax > M2
The factor Cm applies only to the braced condition. There are two categories of member :
those with transverse loads applied between the end and those with no transverse loads

B B B

À À À

Unbraced Braced (no transverse Braced (with

load) transverse load)
 or or

Negatif M1/M2 Positif M1/M2

1. If there are no transverse loads acting on the member

M1/M2 is a ratio of the bending moment at the ends of the member. M1 is

the end moment that is smaller in absolute value, M2 is the larger and the
ratio is positive for members bent in reverse curvature and negative for single
curvature bending. Reverse curvature (a positive ratio ) occurs when M1 and
M2 are both clockwise or both counterclockwise
2. For transversely loaded members, Cm, can be taken as 1.0.

𝛼𝑃
𝐶 =1+ Ψ
𝑃
For simply supported members
𝜋 𝛿 𝐸𝐼
Ψ= −1
𝑀 𝐿

Where o is the maximum deflection resulting from transverse loading and Mo is

maximum moment between supports resulting from the transverse loads.
 Member in Unbraced Framed

The amplification for the sidesway moment, B2, is given by

 = 1.00 for LRFD and 1.60 for ASD

 Pnt = sum of required load capacities for all columns in the story under consideration
 Pe2 = sum the Euler load for all columns in the story under consideration

There are two forms for  Pe2, given as follows I = moment of inertia about the axis of bending
K2 = effective length factor corresponding to the
    unbraced condition
    L = story height
RM = 1.0 for braced frames ( although B2 is not used
Or for braced frames)
 
∑   𝐻𝐿 = 0,85 for unbraced frames and mixed system
𝑃 = 𝑅 DH = drift (sidesway displacement) of the story under
Δ
  consideration
H = sum of all horizontal forces causing H
 Design of Beam Columns

Because of the many variables in the interaction formulas, the design

of beam columns is essentially a trial and error process

H1-1a
H1-1b

H1-1b
Dihitung sendiri