Hess’s Law

Reactants → Products
Because enthalpy is a state
function, the overall reaction
enthalpy is the sum of the reaction
enthalpies of the steps into which
the reaction can be divided.
The enthalpy change is the same,
whether the reaction takes place
in one step or in several.

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 Example of Hess’s Law calculation

S(s) + O2 (g) → SO2 (g) ∆H1 = −296.8 kJ

2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2SO3 (g) ∆H2 = −198.4 kJ
3
S(s) + O2 (g) → SO3 (g) ∆H3 =?
2

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 Example of Hess’s Law calculation

2S(s) + 2O2 (g) → 2SO2 (g) ∆H1 = −593.6 kJ

2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2SO3 (g) ∆H2 = −198.4 kJ

2S(s) + 3O2 (g) → 2SO3 (g) ∆H3 = −792.0 kJ

3 −792.0kJ
S(s) + O2 (g) → SO3 (g) ∆H3 = = −396.0 kJ
2 2

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 Another example calculation
Two gaseous pollutants that form in auto exhaust are CO and NO. An
environmental chemist is studying ways to convert them to less
harmfull gases through the reaction represented by;

1
CO(g) + NO(g) → CO2 (g) + N2 (g) ∆H =?
2

Given the following information, calculate the unknown ∆ H

1
Eqn. A : CO(g) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g) ∆HA = −283.0 kJ
2
Eqn B : N2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2NO(g) ∆HB = −180.6 kJ
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 Another example calculation
Two gaseous pollutants that form in auto exhaust are CO and NO. An
environmental chemist is studying ways to convert them to less
harmfull gases through the reaction represented by;

1
CO(g) + NO(g) → CO2 (g) + N2 (g) ∆H =?
2

Given the following information, calculate the unknown ∆ H

1
Eqn. A : CO(g) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g) ∆HA = −283.0 kJ
2
Eqn B : N2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2NO(g) ∆HB = −180.6 kJ
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 Another example calculation
Two gaseous pollutants that form in auto exhaust are CO and NO. An
environmental chemist is studying ways to convert them to less
harmfull gases through the reaction represented by;

1
CO(g) + NO(g) → CO2 (g) + N2 (g) ∆H =?
2

Given the following information, calculate the unknown ∆ H

1
Eqn. A : CO(g) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g) ∆HA = −283.0 kJ
2
Eqn B : N2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2NO(g) ∆HB = −180.6 kJ
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Summarizing

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