Chapter RIZAL IN DAPITAN AND CULTURAL MINORITIES

Course Intended 1. Know how the ilustrados like Rizal conceive the nation vis-a-vis ethnic minorities.
Learning Outcomes 2. Evaluate how did Dapitan change Rizal’s view about the razasprimitivas.
Essential Questions 1. How was Rizal's life in Dapitan?

2. What are the contributions of Rizal in Dapitan?

3. How did Rizal used his time in Dapitan?

Overview This chapter highlights the works, and contributions of Jose Rizal during his life in Dapitan.

Learning Targets At the end of this lesson, students should be able to:

a. answer freely the activity/assessment about this chapter.

Rizal lived in exile in far-away Dapitan, a remote town in Mindanao which was under the missionary jurisdiction of
the Jesuits, from 1892 to 1896. This four-year interregnum in his life was tediously unexciting, but was abundantly fruitful
with varied achievements.

Presentation and
development of RIZAL IN DAPITAN AND CULTURAL MINORITIES
Concepts
January 1893, Jose Rizal Told Ricardo Carnicero to stay in his own house. Rizal’s house was
completed March where was able to cultivate lanzones, mango, macopa, langka, santol,
mangosteen and cocoa trees.

Casa Redonda Piqueña is a replica of the hexagonal poultry of Rizal. Restored to its original
hexagonal form with similar materials as the other huts, the poulty house is big enough to
accommodate a few dozen chickens.

Rizal built a house by the seashore of Talisay. Surrounded by the following:

● A school for boys, and;
● A hospital for his patients.
RIZAL as TEACHER Casa Cuadrada is a replica of the pupils’ classroom.

● Rizal established in Dapitan a school. It began with 3 pupils who

increased to 16 and eventually 21.
● He didn’t ask the students for payment but instead ask them to
help in his projects, farms and garden.
● He taught themSpanish, English, Mathematics and how to work.
● His class started after lunch until 4:00 in the afternoon
● In his letter to Blumentritt, he once said: “One can judge their
 enthusiasm for study when, even though they have to work for me;
they worked in order to study.”
● Rizal established a school in Dapitan (1893-1896) which was
attended by 16 young boys from prominent families. Instead of
charging them for the matriculation, he made the students do
community projects for him like maintaining his garden and field.
He taught them reading, writing in English and Spanish, geography,
history, mathematics, industrial work, nature study, morals and
gymnastics. He encouraged his students to engage in sports
activities to strengthen their bodies as well. There was no formal
room, like the typical classroom nowadays. Classes were
conducted from 2 p.m to 4 p.m. with the teacher sitting on a
hammock while the students sat on a long bamboo bench.
HYMN TO TALISAY Rizal wrote a poem in honor of Talisay which made his pupil sing. Here’s
the chorus part of the song. “Hail, Talisay, firm and faithful, Ever forward
march elate! You, victorious, the elements —land, sea and air— shall
dominate! “
Rizal as a Casa Redonda is a replica of the octagonal clinic of Rizal. Reconstructed
Physician with similar materials as the main house, it now stands as a reminder of
the numerous medications performed by Rizal during his exile in Dapitan.

It was also here where he removed his mother’s cataracts.

● He practiced medicine in Dapitan and gave the people free

medicines.
● August 1893 - her mother, her sister Trinidad and his nephew
Angelica arrived in Dapitan. They Lived with him for almost one
and a half year.
● He operated succesfully the eyes of his mother.
● He had many patients not only in Dapitan but from the
neighboring towns as well.
Casitas de Salud are replicas of the hospital houses of Rizal and
composed of two little huts with a floor area of 70 square feet. Each hut,
one for male and the other for female, could accommodate two

patients.

● There was a time when a wealthy englishman went to his clinic and
removed his cataract where he was paid Php 500. The money he
received was used to put up lamps in their streets.
● When his mother left with Trinidad, his two sisters Maria and Narcisa
together with his nephews arrived in Dapitan.
● Unfortunately, his father could not travel to Dapitan because of his
detoriating condition.
● Rizal told Blumentritt in a letter that his father “was growing weaker
and weaker by the day” To his sister Josefa he said: “Tell our father
that I should like to see him; I hope we shall see one another very
 soon. Kiss himthe hand for me.”
● Rizal provided free medicine to his patients, most of them were
underprivileged. However, he also had wealthy patients who paid
him well enough for his excellent surgical skill. Among them were
Don Ignacio Tumarong who gave Rizal 3000 pesos for restoring his
sight, an Englishman who gave him 500 pesos, and Aklanon
haciendero, Don Francisco Azcarraga who paid him a cargo of
sugar. His skill was put into test in August 1893 when his mother,
Dona Teodora Alonzo, was placed under opthalmic surgery for the
third time. The operation was a success, however, Alonzo, ignored
her son's instructions and removed the bandages in her eyes which
lead to irritation and infection.
Rizal as a Scientist ● Rizal found Mindanao as a rich
virgin field for collecting
Specimens. Together with his
students they explored on jungles
and coasts to seek for some
specimens which will be sent to
Europe and in return the
European Scientist will send them
Scientific equipment.
● During his 4-year stay in Dapitan,
he were able to built up a rich
collection of oncology which
consists of 346 shells representing 203 species.
 He was able to discover rare species named after him. These were the:

1. flying dragon (DracoRizali)

2. Small beetle (Apogonia Rizali)

3. toad (Rachophorous Rizali)

● Rizal shared his interest with nature to his students. With his boys, they
explored the jungles and searched for specimens which he sent to
museums in Europe, particularly in Dressed Museum. In return, scientific
books and surgical instruments were delivered to him from the
European scientists. He also made a bulk of other researches and
studies in the fields of ethnography, archaeology, geology,
anthropology and geography.

Rizal as a ● Rizal engaged in the business industry in partnership with Ramon

Businessman Carreon.
● The two made profitable business in fishing, copra, and hemp
industries.
● Hemp Industry was Rizal’s most profitable business, he mentioned it
on his letter to Blumentritt.
● The adventurous Rizal, with his partner, Ramon Carreon, tried his
luck in the fishing, hemp and copra industries. In a letter to his
brother-in-law, Manuel T. Hidalgo, he pointed out the potential of
 the fishing industry in the province (as the area was abundant with
fish and good beach). He also requested that two good Calamba
fishermen be sent to Dapitan to teach the fisher folks of the new
fishing methods, using a big net called pukutan. But the industry in
which Rizal became more successful was in hemp, shipping the
said product to a foreign firm in Manila.
Rizal as an Rizal applied his knowledge through the waterworks system he
Engineering constructed in Dapitan. Going back to his academic life, Rizal obtained
the title of expert surveyor (perito agrimensor) from the Ateneo Municipal.
From his practical knowledge as agrimensor, he widened his knowledge
by reading engineering-related books. As a result, despite the
inadequacy of tools at hand, he successfully provided a good water
system in the province.

Rizal as an Rizal devoted time in planting important crops and fruit- bearing trees in
Agriculturist his 16-hectare land (later, reaching as large as 70 hectares). He planted
cacao, coffee, sugarcane, and coconuts, among many others. He even
invested part of his earnings from being a medical practitioner and his
6000-peso winnings from a lottery on lands. From the United States, he
imported agricultural machinery and introduced to the native farmers of
Dapitan the modern agricultural methods. Rizal also visualized of having
an agricultural colony in Sitio Ponot, within the Sindañgan Bay. He
believed that the area was suitable for cattle-raising and for cash-crops
as the area had abundant water. Unfortunately, this plan did not
materialized.
 Rizal as an Little was known of Rizal. In 1887, during his medical practice in Calamba,
Inventor he invented a special type of lighter called sulpukan which he sent to
Blumentritt as a gift. According to Rizal, the wooden lighter's mechanism
was based on the principle of compressed air. Another of his inventions
was the wooden brick-maker can manufacture about 6,000 bricks a day.

Rizal as an Artist He had contributed his talent in the Sisters of Charity who were preparing
for the arrival of the image of the Holy Virgin. Rizal was actually the
person who modeled the image's right foot and other details. He also
conceptualize its curtain, which was oil-painted by a Sister under his
instruction. He also made sketches of anything which attracted him in
Dapitan. Among his collections were the three rare fauna species that he
discovered (dragon/lizard, frog and beetle) and the fishes he caught. He
also sculptured the statuette called “The Mother's Revenge” which
represented his dog, Syria, avenging her puppy to a crocodile which
killed it.

Rizal as an Rizal was interested in the languages used in Dapitan, thus, studied and
Linguistic made comparisons of the Bisayan and Malayan languages existing in the
region. In fact, Rizal had knowledge in 22 languages: Tagalog, Ilocano,
Bisayan, Subanun, Spanish, Latin, Greek, English, French, German, Arabic,
Malayan, Hebrew, Sanskrit, Dutch, Catalan, Italian, Chinese, Japanese,
Portuguese, Swedish and Russian.

Rizal as an Artist ● Upon arriving in the province, he noticed its poor condition.
● He drained the marshes of Dapitan to get rid of malaria-carrying
 mosquitoes.
● He also provided lighting system – coconut oil lamps posted in dark
streets – in the province out of what he earned from being a physician.
● He beautified Dapitan by remodelling the town plaza, with the aid of his
Jesuit teacher, Fr. Francisco Sanchez, and created a relief map of
Mindanao (footnote: using stones, soil and grass) right in front the
church.
AS A VOLUNTEER When Cuba was under revolution and raging yellow fever epidemic,
MILITARY DOCTOR Rizal wrote to Governor General Ramon Blanco offering his services as
military doctor.

Other Facts about 1. Rizal was brought under a maximum security to the steamer S.S. Cebu
Rizal in Dapitan headed by Capt. Delgras on the 15th of July, 1892, which sailed for
Dapitan.

2. Captain Ricardo Carnicero is the Spanish commandant of Dapitan

when Rizal was banished in the city. Rizal eventually wrote a poem
entitled ” A Don Ricardo Carnicero” on the occasion of the
commandant’s birthday on the 26th of August, 1892. Rizal temporarily
lived in the house of the commandant in Calle Real.

3. Investing in lottery tickets is the only vice of Rizal. On September 21,

1892 Dapitan burst in hectic excitement because a boat from Butuan
was approaching the town with colored pennants bringing the happy
tidings that the lottery ticket with the permutation 9736 jointly owned by
Captain Carnicero , Rizal and Francisco Equilor won the second prize of
Php 20,000 in the government-owned Manila lottery.

4. CASA REDONDA is one room octagonal house which originally

functioned as Rizal’s pupil dormitory. It was later on converted into a
clinic where Rizal operate the eyes of his patients.

5. CASA CUADRADA is a dormitory to accommodate the growing

number of his pupil. The underneath served as workshop area of the
pupils.

6. CASA RESIDENCIA is the main house of Rizal where his family members
stated during their visit. This house encircled with a veranda which is a
Japanese inspired.

7. Rizal’s most significant contribution in the scientific world was his

discovery of three species.
 8. A piece of land at Sitio Daanlungsod in the Lubugan was bought by
Rizal which is now a Municipality of Katipunan.

9. Rizal wanted to remain in Mindanao and planned to colonize Ponot ,

located at the Western Coast of the island near Sindangan where he
intended to plant coconuts, coffee and cacao.

10. In July of 1877, Fr. Jose Vilaclara, Rizal’s former teacher in Ateneo and
then Parish priest of Dipolog Church requested him to do some pencil
sketches of the best altars which was eventually used in designing the
altar of the church.

11. In 1896, Rizal felt in love with an Irish girl named Josephine Bracken.
Their love bear its fruit but Bracken gave birth to a one month premature
baby boy who lived only for three hours. The child was buried in Dapitan,
hearing the name Francisco, after Rizal’s father.

Assessment Learning Task: Make your own reaction paper about Rizal’s Life In Dapitan And the Cultural
Minorities.

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Mechanics and criteria:

• Use minimum of 5 sentences to maximum of 10 sentences. Use

Calibri (Body). 12 font size. Single line spacing (applicable for word
document file/format) or you may write your answers on the Drawing Book
or A4 bond paper.
• Avoid repeating your answers. The quality of the content of your
answer is measured in this assessment. Organize your ideas first.
• Plagiarized answers will not be considered for grading.
• Discussion will be scored accordingly:
* Coherence (Unity and logical arrangement of ideas) – 5 points
* Correct grammar usage – 5 points
* Relevance to the topic – 10
points
20 points