1.

SQL ( structured query language) :

SQL is a standard language for storing, manipulating and retrieving data in
databases.

2. Create database in sql

First we have to install micro soft sql server 2012

After installation click on sql server
Right-click Databases, and then click New Database
In New Database, enter a database name.
To create the database by accepting all default values, click Ok

3. Types of backups in sql

The main backups of sql server are
a. Full backups
b. Differential backups
c. partial backups

a. Full back ups :

A full backup, as the name implies, backs up everything. This is a complete
copy, which stores all the objects of the database: Tables, procedures, functions,
views, indexes etc.
b. Differential backups :

A differential database backup is the superset of the last full backup and
contains all changes that have been made since the last full backup.

c. Partial backups :

partial backups are mostly used in the simple recovery model in order to
improve flexibility when backing up large databases that contain read-only file
groups.

4. How to backup a database

First click on sql server

Then click on expand data bases and select a system data base

Then right click on Tasks and select back up

In the backup type select a backup type

Select OK to start the backup

5. How to Restore a database

First click on sql server

Then right-click on Databases and then click Restore Database.

Then click on the Source section, select Device and click the button with three
dots.

click Add and browse for your backup file. Click OK.
6. Delete :

It removes the data temporary

7. Turnate :
It deletes all the data permanently.

1. Active directory :
Active Directory (AD) is a database and set of services that connect users with
the network resources they need to get their work done.

2. Sysvol:

System volume is a folder that exists on all domain controllers. It stores all the
important elements of the Active Directory group policy.

3. Tree :

An Ad tree is a collection of domains with in a micro soft Ad network.

4. Forest :

The group of Ad trees is known as forest.

5. Group policy in Ad :

Group Policy is primarily a security tool, and can be used to apply security
settings to users and computers.
6. Where does the Ad data base held:

The AD database is stored in the NTDS. DIT file located in the NTDS folder of
the system root.

NTDS ----- Nt directory services

DIT ------- Directory information tree

7. Create a new user in AD

First click on start

Then click on administrative tools

Then click on Ad users and computers

Then click on Domain name

And click users, point to new and then click user

Then type first name, last name and user log on name of the new user and new
password.

8. Create a Group in AD

First click on start

Then click on administrative tools

Then click on Ad users and computers

Click users in Domain

Click Action, click New, and then click Group

In the Group name text box, type the name for your new group

In the Group type section, click Security

Click OK to save your group.

1. Types of Changes

a. Standard

b. Emergency

c. Normal

a. Standard Change :

A standard change is a pre-authorized change that is low risk, relatively

common and follows a specified procedure.

b. Emergency Change :

A change that must be implemented as soon as possible, for example to resolve

a major incident. This change is of such a high priority that it bypasses group
and peer review and approval and goes straight to the Authorization state for
approval by the CAB approval group.

c. Normal change :

Any service change that is not a standard change or an emergency change.

Normal change requests follow a prescriptive process which requires two levels
of approval before being implemented, reviewed, and closed.