Country Report

Brazil

COURSE NAME: International Marketing

COURSE CODE: INB 401
SECTION: 01
SUBMITTED TO: MR. ABU SOHEL MAHMOOD, Faculty of CIUBS.
SUBMITTED BY: Junaid Uddin Chowdhury -18201060
Mirazul Islam Siddique - 18201086
Shamsul Arefin Khan - 18201003
 Table of content

SL Description Page no :

1 Brazil Flag 3

2 Introduction 3-4

3 History of Brazil 4-5

4 About Brazil:

 Population
 Language 5-8
 States & Capital
 Religion
 Demographics
 Currency
 National Info
 Natural Resources

5 Geography of Brazil: 8-9

 Area & Neighbor countries
 Highest & lowest peak
 Soil & Climate

6 Government & Legal framework 9-10

7 Economic enviroment 10-14

8 Cultural enviroment 14-16

9 Political enviroment 16-17

10 Technology enviroment 18

11 Legal enviroment 18

12 Enviromental enviroment 19
The Brazil flag is the symbol of the kingdom, government and the Brazilian people. The
yellow color on it represents the wealth of the country, particularly the Brazilian soil and
the country's gold reserves. And the green color represents the extensive nature, fauna
and flora that Brazil has, especially the Amazon rainforest and the Pant anal. The flag of
Brazil contains 27 stars that represent the Brazilian states of 26 states and the federal
district. The slogan Order e Progress (Order and Progress) was the underlying theme in
Latin America for a successful democracy Brazilian politicians believed that democracy
is the best way to run a country, but for it to work it needs an educated population (Order)
and a forward movement in the economy and in the materials trade (progress).  Later
became the motto of the country of Brazil

Introduction:
Brazil is the largest country of South America that occupies half of the continent’s
landmass. It is the fifth largest country in the world, exceeded in size only by Russia,
Canada, China, and the USA.

History of Brazil:
The history of Brazil begins with indigenous people in Brazil. Europeans arrived in
Brazil at the ending of the 15th century. The first European to claim sovereignty over
Indigenous lands part of what is now the territory of the Federative Republic of Brazil on
the continent of South America was Pedro Alvares Cabral (c. 1467/1468 – c. 1520) on
April 22, 1500 under the sponsorship of the Kingdom of Portugal. From the 16th to the
early 19th century, Brazil was a colony and a part of the Portuguese Empire. The country
expanded south along the coast and west along the Amazon and other inland rivers from
the original 15 donatary captaincy colonies established on the northeast Atlantic coast
east of the Tordesillas Line of 1494 (approximately the 46th meridian west) that divided
the Portuguese domain to the east from the Spanish domain to the west, although Brazil
was at one time a colony of Spain. The country's borders were only finalized in the early
20th century.
On September 7, 1822, the country declared its independence from Portugal and it
became the Empire of Brazil. The First Brazilian Republic was established in 1889 after a
military coup and the ousting of Pedro II. The country’s name was changed to the
Republic of the United States of Brazil, changing again in 1967 to the Federative
Republic of Brazil.

About Brazil:

Population:

 The current population of Brazil is 214,169,880 (214 million approximately)

 The population of Brazil is equivalent to 2.73% of the total world population.
 Brazil also ranks number 6 in the list of countries by population.
 The population density in Brazil is 25 per Km2.
 87.6 % of the total population of brazil is urban (186,217,070 people in 2020)

Language:
There are about 228 languages spoken in Brazil. This includes Portuguese and 11 other
foreign or immigrant languages and 217 indigenous languages. The official language of
Brazil is Portuguese and it's also the most widely spoken language in the country. About
99% of people in Brazil speak Portuguese. Brazil is the only Portuguese-speaking
country in the Americas.
Brazil states and Capital:

Brazil is the fifth largest country in the world. And it has 26 states and 1 federal district.
Brasilia is the capital city of Brazil and it is located in federal district.

Religion of Brazil:

Brazil has the largest number of Catholic Christians in the world. Catholicism has been
Brazil's main religion since the beginning of the 16th century. It was introduced among
the Native Brazilians by Jesuits missionaries and also observed by all the Portuguese first
settlers.
During colonial times, there was no freedom of religion. All Portuguese settlers and
Brazilians were compulsorily bound to the Catholic faith and were bound to pay tithes to
the church. After the Brazilian independence, the first constitution introduced freedom of
religion in 1824, but Catholicism was kept as the official religion. Around 90% of the
population is either Catholic Christian (65%) or Protestant Christian (22%).

Brazil Demographics:
Brazil’s census addresses ethnicity and race by categorizing people mainly by skin color.
It asks people to place themselves into one of a number of categories, some of which
would seem unusual to an American or European. As well as ‘indigenous’ (the smallest
category), Brazilians are asked to report whether they believe they are white, black,
brown or yellow. This method of classifying race is controversial within Brazil, and
IBGE has been criticized for continuing to use it.
Currency:

The Brazilian Real (BRL) is the official

currency of Brazil. It is divided into 100
centavos. The symbol for the Brazilian Real
is R$.

1 USD = 5.1772 BRL

National Food: Feijoada is the national dish in Brazil.

Main ingredients: beans, beef, pork .
National Fruit: Cupuacu is the national fruit of Brazil.

National Animal: Jaguar is the national animal of Brazil.

National flower: Cattleya Orchid is national flower of Brazil.

National Tree: Pau- Brasilia is the national tree of Brazil.

National Bird: The rufous-bellied thrush is the national bird of Brazil.

National Sport: Football.

Natural resources:

Natural resources includes bauxite, gold, iron-ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates,

platinum, tin, clay, rare earth elements, uranium, petroleum, hydropower and timber.
Geography of Brazil:

The country of Brazil is located in South America and occupies roughly half of South
America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean.

Area & Neighbor countries:

 Brazil is the 5th largest country in the world and it covers a total area of 8,514,215
km2 which includes 8,456,510 km2 of land and 55,455 km2 of water.
 Brazil occupies a large area along the eastern coast of South America and includes
much of the continent's interior,[159] sharing land borders with Uruguay to the
south; Argentina and Paraguay to the southwest; Bolivia and Peru to the
west; Colombia to the northwest; and Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and France to
the north. It shares a border with every South American country
except Ecuador and Chile.

Highest & Lowest peak:

The highest point in Brazil is Pico da Neblina at 2,994 m covered by amazon rain forest
and the lowest is Atlantic Ocean.

Rivers Basins:

Brazil has one of the world's most extensive river systems, with 7 major drainage basins,
all of which drain into the Atlantic Ocean.Seven of these river basins are named after
their main river:

 Amazonas
 Paraguai
 Paraná
 Parnaíba
 São Francisco
 Tocantins
 Uruguay
The Amazon River is the widest and second longest river (behind the Nile) in the world
Soil:

The soils of Brazil are fertile with a good agricultural, forestry and livestock production
potential. A large band of nutrient-rich, deep reddish purple soil lies in the Southeast of
Brazil. Soils in the Northeast also contain many nutrients, but agriculture is limited there
because few fields are irrigated. In this two region, the productivity is comparatively high
than other regions. Heavy rainfall has intensely leached many soils, leaving them with
few nutrients but with an overabundance of insoluble iron and aluminum silicates.
Laterites (soils dominated by iron oxides) and other infertile soils are especially prevalent
in the Brazilian Highlands.

Climate:

Due to the varying heights above sea level of the Brazil climate varies considerably from
city to city, Brazil have five distinct climate and they are:

The Equatorial Zone: An equatorial climate is usually one in which rainforests can be
found due to the year-round humidity and precipitation. There is no winter season and no
period in which it is particularly dry. Rainfall is usually heavy and frequent all through
the year. Example: Belem

Tropical Zone: The tropical climate, which is alternately humid and dry depending on
the season, can be found in the greater part of the central area of Brazil. Example: Rio de
Janerio

The Semi-Arid Zone: These zones receive less rain than they actually need to make up
for evaporation, but not so much less that the area becomes a desert. They are the halfway
mark between deserts and humid forests. The winter season is more warmer than other
cities. Example: Manaus

The Highland Tropical Zone: This is also called an Oceanic Climate or a Maritime
Climate and is found along the coast of Brazil. It is characterized by cool summers and
warm winters, although the annual temperature does not vary by significant amounts.
Rainfall is fairly uniform throughout the year. Example: Curitiba
The Subtropical Zone: This zone refers to the areas that are just outside of the formal
Tropical Zones. It is hot, but not quite as hot and humid as Tropical areas. Winters are
mild to cool, but not cold enough for snow or frost. In Brazil, the Subtropical Zone
experiences different levels of rainfall. Example: Sau- Paulo

Government:

The form of government is a democratic federative republic, with a presidential system.

The president is both head of state and head of government of the Union and is elected
for a four-year term,[17] with the possibility of re-election for a second successive term.
The current president is Jair Bolsonaro. The President appoints the Ministers of State,
who assist in government.

Legal framework:

Brazil adopts a civil law system, based on the Roman-Germanic tradition. Although
custom and case law are part of the legal framework, written law prevails over them from
an interpretive point of view. Federal law provides that a judge can only resort to
analogy, custom and general principles of law if the law is silent on a matter. Parties to
arbitration can freely choose the body of laws and norms to govern the resolution of a
dispute, including general principles of international trade law.

Economic environment
Brazil is a global mining, agriculture, and manufacturing powerhouse with a thriving and
rapidly expanding service sector. Since the mid-twentieth century, when the country began to
rapidly urbanize and exploit its mineral, industrial, and hydroelectric potential, the relative
importance of Brazilian agriculture has been declining. The government's growing
involvement in the industrial sector has been criticized for promoting political and social
goals over economic ones. Inflation was almost always high in Brazil in the late twentieth
century, affecting every aspect of the country's economy. By mid-2004, inflation had
decreased and Brazil had issued bonds in its own currency, the real, for the first time. The
government has since been able to raise about $70 billion in the world's largest share offering
to date in 2010.

GDP
Brazil's yearly nominal GDP was estimated to be 1.363 trillion dollars in 2020, ranking it
13th in the world. The country's per capita income was 6450 dollars, making it the 83rd
highest in the world.
Brazil, on the other hand, was still struggling to recover from the 2015 economic downturn.
The covid-19 epidemic has now occurred, drastically reducing her income and growth.

GDP Last Reference Previous Range Frequency

GDP Growth Rate (%) 1.2 Mar/21 3.2 -9.2 : 7.8 Quarterly

GDP Annual Growth Rate (%) 1 Mar/21 -1.1 -10.9 : 10.1 Quarterly

GDP (USD Billion) 1445 Dec/20 1878 184 : 2616 Yearly

GDP Constant Prices (BRL 297300 Mar/21 300265 170920 : 314900 Quarterly

Million)

Gross National Product (BRL 2007674 Mar/21 1981099 271187 : 2007674 Quarterly

Million)

Gross Fixed Capital 397465 Mar/21 366638 35403 : 397465 Quarterly

Formation (BRL Million)

GDP per capita (USD) 10672 Dec/20 11203 3417 : 11993 Yearly

GDP per capita PPP (USD) 14064 Dec/20 14764 10268 : 15805 Yearly

GDP From Agriculture (BRL 26985 Mar/21 13436 6923 : 26985 Quarterly

GDP Last Reference Previous Range Frequency

Million)

GDP From Construction (BRL 12770 Mar/21 13086 10342 : 20194 Quarterly

Million)

GDP From Manufacturing (BRL 29291 Mar/21 31634 21655 : 37408 Quarterly

Million)

GDP From Mining (BRL Million) 2456 Mar/21 2660 1097 : 2851 Quarterly

GDP From Public 37278 Mar/21 38194 26247 : 40164 Quarterly

Administration (BRL Million)

GDP From Services (BRL Million) 176036 Mar/21 183543 100853 : 187984 Quarterly

GDP From Transport (BRL 8176 Mar/21 8268 5031 : 9391 Quarterly

Million)

GDP From Utilities (BRL Million) 7133 Mar/21 6944 3668 : 7133 Quarterly

FDI
Foreign direct investment into Brazil soared between 2009 and 2011, but has since slowed.
FDI inflows, on the other hand, surged by 20% between 2018 and 2019, reaching USD 72
billion. Oil and gas extraction, the automotive sector, financial services, commerce, power,
and the chemical industry are the primary targets of investment. The Netherlands, the United
States, Germany, Spain, the Bahamas, and Luxembourg are the most important investors in
Brazil. Brazil's transportation, financial services, oil and gas extraction, and automobile
sector were the most affected industries.
In the World Bank's 2020 Doing Business report, Brazil was placed 124th out of 190
countries, a considerable drop from the previous year's ranking of 109th. The country is one
of the world's top FDI recipients and appeals to international investors for a variety of
reasons. However, due to several unfavorable characteristics such as burdensome and
complex taxation, bureaucratic delays, and rigid labor legislation, investing in Brazil remains
risky.
Transportation (which saw an 85 percent drop in inflows) and financial services (70 percent
drop) saw a 65 drop in FDI. Ford Motor Company announced in January that it would close
all three of its plants in Brazil and stop producing cars as the pandemic exacerbated
persistent industry idle capacity.

Major Industries
Iron and steel manufacture, automotive assembly, petroleum processing, chemical
production, and cement production are all major sectors;
Industry in Brazil grew by 6.6% in the fourth quarter of 2002, up from 2.6 percent in the
previous quarter. The building industry saw particularly strong growth in 2002. Automobile
production fell by approximately 27% from 1998 to 1999 because of the country's financial
woes. In 2000, Brazil produced 70,304 heavy trucks, a 27% increase over 1999. Since 1995,
the government has authorized foreign participation in critical industries and encourages the
sale of any remaining parastatal firms. The country's pulp and paper industry is virtually
entirely held by private companies.

Employment/Unemployment Rate
From 2012 to 2021, the employment rate in Brazil averaged 54.58 percent, with a high of
57.30 percent in November of 2013 and a low of 46.80 percent in August of 2020. Brazil
Employment Rate actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar,
and news are provided on this page. Brazil Employment Rate - values, historical data, and
graphs - was last updated in July 2021.
Brazil's unemployment rate increased to a new high of 14.7 percent in April 2021, up from
14.2 percent in January. From February to April, Brazil was hit by a resurgence of COVID-
19 infections, forcing the country's lockdowns to be reinstated and the Carnival to be
canceled. Unemployment increased by 489 thousand to 14.76 million, while employment
decreased by 85 thousand to 85.94 million. Meanwhile, the labor force participation rate
increased by 1% to 56.9%, while the employment rate decreased by 0.2 percentage points to
48.5 percent.

Export Import
Exports: The top exports of Brazil are Soybeans ($26.1B), Crude Petroleum ($24.3B), Iron
Ore ($23B), Corn ($7.39B), and Sulfate Chemical Woodpulp ($7.35B), exporting mostly to
China ($63.5B), United States ($30.5B), Argentina ($9.85B), Netherlands ($9.13B), and
Japan ($5.58B).
Imports: The top imports of Brazil are Refined Petroleum ($12.4B), Vehicle Parts ($6.19B),
Crude Petroleum ($4.35B), Integrated Circuits ($3.83B), and Pesticides ($3.75B), importing
mostly from China ($36.3B), United States ($32.6B), Germany ($11.3B), Argentina
($10.3B), and South Korea ($4.83B).

Manufacturing
Brazil has been a major global auto supplier since the mid-twentieth century, producing
nearly two million vehicles per year. Electrical machinery, paints, soaps, medicines,
chemicals, aircraft, steel, food products, and paper are among the other major manufacturers.
Since the early nineteenth century, Brazil has been a major producer of textiles, clothing, and
footwear. The textile industry started in Bahia in 1814, using local raw cotton supplies, and
is now centered in So Paulo and Fortaleza. The footwear industry in Rio Grande do Sul
began in the 1820s with small leather shops that were supplied with surplus hides from the
meatpacking industry.

Trade
Throughout the country's history, foreign trade has been vital to the Brazilian economy;
however, exports have historically accounted for only a small portion of national income,
and Brazil has struggled to maintain a favorable trade balance, partly due to its massive
foreign debt payments. Several years of trade surpluses in the 1980s and 1990s began to
change the situation. As the country's foreign debt fell in the early twenty-first century,
exports soared (helped by government financing and efforts to negotiate increased access to
foreign markets), and Brazil had a significant positive trade balance. The expanding ethanol
industry was another important factor in the country's export growth. Brazil's main trading
partners are China and the United States. Since the establishment of the Southern Common
Market (Mercosur, or Mercosul) in 1991, regional trade has increased, particularly with
Argentina. Germany, Mexico, the Netherlands, Japan, South Korea, and Italy are among the
country's other major trading partners.

Cultural environment
The present Brazilian way of life is shaped by the cultures of indigenous Indians, Africans,
and Portuguese. The Portuguese culture is by far the most powerful of these effects; it is
from it that Brazilians learned their language, religion, and most of their customs. Tup-
Guaran, the language of many Brazilian Indians, continues to have a considerable influence
on Brazilian Portuguese; other Indian contributions to Brazilian culture are most visible in
the Amazon basin. Traditional foods, religions, and popular music and dance, particularly the
samba, are all examples of African influences on the Brazilian way of life along the coast
between Northeast and Rio de Janeiro. Commercial and cultural imports from Europe and
North America have frequently competed with—and influenced—Brazilian cultural output,
with some claiming that the country's cultural identity has suffered as a result. Brazilians
remain joyful and innovative in their festivals and art forms, despite various social and
economic hardships.

Largest ethnic groups in Brazil

1 Brancos (White Brazilians)
2 Pardo (Combined European, Native, and African Ancestry)
3 Pretos (African-Brazilians)
4 Amarelos (Asian Brazilian)
5 Indigena (Indigenous Brazilian)

Daily life
After World War II, Brazil's fast large-scale urbanization drastically impacted the bulk of the
country's residents' lifestyles. Large Brazilian cities are similar to those in the Western world
in most ways, although their increased density and volume of foot traffic may make them
more similar to Chinese cities than to North America in other circumstances. Because of
economic pressures or family tradition, multiple members of an extended family may share a
home in the favelas. Automobiles have become a household fixture for most middle-class
families, to the point where Brazilians are said to have a vehicle love affair.

Business culture
Brazilian business culture is relaxed but sophisticated, with openness and friendliness
expected in most of the business dealings. Close proximity and physical contact are used
during casual or business conversations, although business etiquette and culture becomes less
relaxed the further south one goes in the country. Brazilian business relations are more about
individuals than companies, which highlights the importance of small talk (football, family,
music), face to face conversations, and constantly staying in touch with business associates.
Brazilians also value patience and being in control.

Cuisine
The feijoada completa is Brazil's traditional national cuisine, consisting of up to 20 various
dried, salted, or smoked meats stewed in a black bean stew (feijoadas) and frequently served
with rice, vegetables, and other items. Many African-inspired meals may be found in Bahia,
including vatapá, which is cooked with rice flour, coconut oil, fish, shrimp, red peppers, and
various sauces. Famous Portuguese restaurants may be found in Rio de Janeiro, whereas
Italian cuisine is better represented in So Paulo. Churrascarias (steakhouses) can be found all
across the country. Fast-food chains in North America are rapidly spreading in large and
medium-sized cities.

Cultural Institutions
The Brazilian Academy of Letters is often regarded as the most prominent of the country's
various learned groups. The National Library of Brazil, which is situated in Rio de Janeiro,
was formed in 1810 with 60,000 volumes from the Portuguese royal library and now houses
millions of books and documents. Internationally notable museums are the So Paulo Art
Museum (1947) and the Rio De Janeiro Museum of Modern Art (1948) Both Rio and So
Paulo have significant ethnographic museums and a plethora of theaters.
Sports & Recreation
Football is the most popular sport in Brazil, followed by volleyball and tennis. Brazilians
have been winning Formula One championships and Grand Prix events in the since the late
twentieth century. Rio de Janeiro was the first South American city to be selected to host the
2016 Olympic Games. The country has also made a name for itself in horse polo, show
jumping, and swimming.

Carnival
The four-day pre-Lenten Carnival is Brazil's most well-known and lively event. It arose
primarily in metropolitan coastal areas, particularly along the coast between Recife and Rio
de Janeiro, in old plantation zones. Some Brazilians celebrate Carnival in nightclubs, where
elaborate look-alike contests and dancing have become increasingly popular. The country
also celebrates Independence Day on September 7 and St. John's Night (Noite de So Joo) in
June.

Political environment
Brazil's politics are governed by a multi-party system and a federal presidential
representative democratic republic. The President wields executive power with the help of a
cabinet, while the National Congress, a two-chamber legislature, has legislative power. Party
politics in Brazil is highly fragmented due to proportional voting (the only first-past-the-post
elections are for the 1/3 of senate seats every 8 years and for mayors in small and medium-
sized cities every 4 years)
It's worth noting that Brazil is home to one of the world's most populous democracies. It
indicates that the country's consumer market is larger. As a result, some experts believe the
Latin American country has significant economic potential. She, too, has the potential to
become a global superpower.

Major political parties

Party name (Portuguese) Party name (English) Abbrev.

 Partido dos Trabalhadores Workers' Party PT

 Partido da Social Democracia Brazilian Social

PSDB
Brasileira Democracy Party

 Progressistas Progressives PP

 Partido Democrático
Democratic Labour Party PDT
Trabalhista

Corruption
Brazil is now dealing with a serious issue of corruption. According to the Transparency
International report, Brazil is ranked 94th out of 180 countries. The administration has taken
attempts to limit the level of corruption. During the period of 2019 to 2020, they did reduce
corruption and improved her ranking, which decreased from 105 to 94.

Alliances
Brazil maintains excellent diplomatic relations with the United States as well as other
neighboring countries such as Argentina and Venezuela. Aside from that, the country is a
member of the United Nations, the OECD, BRICS, Mercosul, G20, WTO, World Bank,
International Monetary Funds, Organization of Portuguese-Speaking Countries, and
Organization of Ibero-American States.

Technological environment
SOCIAL MEDIA
In Sao Paulo, Brazil's largest city, the tech industries of mobile, software, and web
development are all booming. Brazil is the world's fifth-largest internet and mobile phone
user, according to estimates. Approximately half of the population of the country uses
interest. Brazilians, in fact, are very engaged on social media platforms.

ICT GROWTH
Brazil has the world's largest consumer market for information and communication
technology (ICT). Brazilians prefer to communicate with one another through technology.
The government, as well as a slew of other big multinationals, are pouring money into the
ICT sector. However, many people continue to have problems with bad internet connectivity.

Legal Environment
Legal System
Brazil is a federal republic with a civil law-based judicial system. That is to say, Brazil's
legal system is based mostly on statute rather than case law. Nonetheless, the new Civil
Procedure Code, which took effect in March 2016, emphasized the importance of judicial
precedent by stating that certain appeal court decisions are enforceable.
The Federal Government, states, a federal district, and municipalities make up the Brazilian
Federation. Each of these bodies has the authority to legislate on issues outlined in the
Constitution. In most cases, matters relating to corporate law and foreign investments in the
country fall under the legislative jurisdiction of the federal government.
Foreign investment
Brazil is open to international investment in general, but investments in certain vital sectors
are either limited to nationals or require government approval. The country prohibits
investments in areas like transport, private security, nuclear energy, financial institutions, and
postal services.
Foreign direct investments in Brazil must be registered with the Central Bank of Brazil and
foreign investors must register with the Brazilian Securities Commission. We'd like to call
attention to the following: Institutions of finance, real estate, press and broadcasting services,
security and transportation, and nuclear power.

Environmental Factors
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Oil spills, soil degradation, water pollution, air pollution, illegal poaching, wildlife
smuggling, and deforestation are all concerns that Brazil is dealing with. The government has
taken a number of steps to address environmental issues.

TOURISM
The tourism sector in Brazil attracts millions of visitors from all over the world and
contributes significantly to the country's economy. Over 2000 beaches, 62 national parks,
Iguacu Falls, rainforest, Amazon River, and hundreds of other stunning sights are only a few
of her key tourist attractions.
References:

https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/brazil-population

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Brazil
https://www.britannica.com/place/Brazil/Climate

https://www.brazil.org.za/climate.html