Step 1: Visit https://vdnt.

in/YTLIVE & Step 2: Select your grade & target

tap on “Learn for FREE” exam to discover all our premium
courses.
 Step 3: Click on Enroll.

YOU ARE IN!

We have facilitated this service for students of
Grades 1 - 12 covering all major subjects*.

INVITE YOUR FRIENDS & Experience the

New-Age of Learning from the Safety of your
Home

Visit https://vdnt.in/COVID for MORE

GREGOR MENDEL: FATHER OF GENETICS
● Gregor Mendel, born in 1822 in a small
village now called Czech Republic.
● He was priest at a monastery he would
teach and do research in natural science.
● He studied science and mathematics at the
University of Vienna,
● From 1857 to 1863, he crossed and
cataloged around 24,034 plants through
several generations.

Gregor Mendel
GREGOR MENDEL: FATHER OF GENETICS
● He was one of the first scientists to apply

mathematics to biology.

● Mendel found that individual traits are

determined by discrete "factors," later

known as genes, which are inherited from

the parents.
Mendel's garden
● In 1866 Mendel published his work in the (Augustinian Monastery of St. Thomas,
Brno, Czech Republic)
Brno Medical Society organization’s journal
GREGOR MENDEL: WORK
● Discovered the fundamental laws of inheritance.

● He deduced that genes come in pairs and are inherited as distinct units,

one from each parent.

● Mendel tracked the segregation of parental genes and their appearance in

the offspring as dominant or recessive traits.

● He recognized the mathematical patterns of inheritance from one

generation to the next.

TERMS OF GENETICS
● Genetics: Study of heredity and variation or study of genes and

chromosomes.

● Heredity: Resemblance between offspring (progenies) and their parents.

● Variation: Difference between parents and offspring.

● Inheritance: Transmission of characters from parents to offspring.

● Alleles (Allelomorphs): The alternative forms of a gene.

● Dominant character: The character which is expressed. It is indicated with

capital letter.
TERMS OF GENETICS
● Recessive character: The character which is suppressed. It is indicated with

small letter.

● Homozygous: The condition in which chromosome pair carries similar

alleles of a gene. E.g. TT, tt, YY, yy etc.

● Heterozygous: The condition in which chromosome pair carries dissimilar

alleles of a gene. E.g. Tt, Yy etc.

● Phenotype: Visible characters (Physical expression) of an individual.

● Genotype: Genetic constitution of a character.

 Vedantu NEET 2021 Program
-F E A T U R E S-
➔ 2500+ hours of LIVE online teaching
Boost your
➔ 45+ Teachers; from Top IITs and 10+ years experience

➔ 750 Tests & 3000 Assignments for Practical Application

learning with
➔ Instant Doubt Solving By Academic Mentors Vedantu Pro
➔ Replay/Recording of Classes If You’ve Missed vdnt.in/YTNEET21
➔ Rank Booster Quizzes Enroll for FREE
➔ Previous Paper Analysis
Pisum sativum
● Many pea varieties were available

● Peas are small plants and easy to grow

● Peas can self-fertilize or be

cross-fertilized

● They have short lifespan, many

generation can be studied in small

duration.
Seven Traits of Pisum sativum
● Mendel selected 7 pairs of true breeding garden pea varieties (Pisum sativum).
Seven Traits of Pisum sativum
● Mendel selected 7 pairs of true breeding garden pea varieties (Pisum sativum).

Characters Dominant Recessive

1. Stem height Tall Dwarf

2. Flower colour Purple White

3. Flower position Axial Terminal

4. Pod shape Inflated Constricted

5. Pod colour Green Yellow

6. Seed shape Round Wrinkled

7. Seed colour Yellow Green

MENDEL’S HYBRIDIZATION EXPERIMENTS
● Selection of 2 pea plants with contrasting characters.
● Removal of anthers (emasculation) of one plant to avoid self pollination.
● Collection of pollen grains from the other plant (male parent) and transferred to female
parent (pollination).
● Collection and germination of seeds to produce offspring.
 4% 6% 14%
9% 5%

9%
18%
6%

9% 20%