Philippine Politics and State – is a political division of a body of

people that occupies a territory (also

Governance
Politics – is the set of activities that are
associated with making decisions in groups, or
other forms of power relations between
individuals, such as the distribution of
resources or status. The branch pf social
science that studies politics and government
is referred to as political science.
 Responsible.
 Who are they?
 Must know them.
Republica / Purpose Statute / Democratic Country
referred to as jurisdiction) and has the
authority to enforce a system of rules over
the poeple living inside. The state consists,
most broadly, of the agreement of the
individuals on the means whereby disputes are
settled in the form of laws.
State Country Nation
Element of State:
o Population – state of a community
of persons.
o Teritory – is the second essential
element of the state.

o Government – is the state exercises

Philippines its sovereign power though this
government.
The three organs in Government
Choose “wisely” Legislature
Executive
Judiciary
Rules / Law
o Sovereights/Sovereinity – is the
most exclusive element of the
Rights “freedom” state. Without sovereignity no
state can exit.

Authority,Power
Issues
UNCLOS – United Nations Convention of the Law
of the Sea - is an international agreement
that establishes a legal framework for all
marine and maritime activities.
Occupation – is no longer considered as a
valid form of accquiring teretories.
3 Branches of Goverment in
the Philippines
The Philippines is a republic with a
presidential form of government wherein power
is equally divided among its three branches:
executive, legislative, and judicial. The
government seeks to act in the best interest
of its citizens through this system of check
and balance.
Legislative – is authorized to make laws,
alter, and repeal them through the power
vested in the Philippines Congress. This
institution is divided into Senate and the
House of Representatives. The Legistative
branch enacts legislation, confirms or rejects
Presidential appointments, and has the
authority to declare war. This branch includes
Congress ( the Senate and House of
Representatives) and several agencies that
provide support services to Congress.
Executive – is composed of the President and
the Vice President who are elected by direct
popular vote and serve a term of six years.
The Constitution grants the President
authority to appoint his Cabinet. These
departments form a large portion of the
country’s bureaucracy.the executive branch
carries out and enfprces laws. It includes the
President, Vice President, the Cabinet.
Judicial – holds the power to settle
controversies involving rights that are
legally demandable and forceable. This branch
determines wether or not there has been a
grave abuse of discretion amounting to lack or
excess of jurisdiction on the part and
instrumentality of the goverment. It is made
up of a Supreme Court and lower courts. The
judicial branch interprets the meaning of
laws, applies laws to individual cases, and
decides if laws violate the Constitution. The
judicial power shall be vested in one Supreme
Court and in uch lower courts as may be
established by law.
Legislative – Gavel and Block
Executive – Malacanang Palace
Judicial – Scale of Justice
The Inherent powers of the state
are as follows:
1. Power of Taxation
2. Police Power
3. Power of Eminent Domain
Inherent defined:
As being inherent, it means that as long as
the state exists, this power can never be
taken away.
1.Power of Taxation – An inherent power of
the state exercised through legislature, to
impose burdens upon subjects and objects
within its jurisdiction, for the purpose of
raising revenues to carry out the legitimate
objects of the government.Nature:
An inherent power of the state exercised
through the legislature.
Scope:
To impose burdens upon subjects and objects
within its jurisdiction.
Purpose:
For raising revenue to carry out the
legitimate objects of the government
Revenue Objective – To build a just and human
society and the establishment of a government
under certain ideals and aspirations.
Sumptuary Objective – An implement of the
police power of the state for regulatory
purposes. In this case, it is used in
furtherance of any government objective either
as an incentive or deterrence. As an
implement, the generation of revenue is merely
incidental or in furtherance thereof. (Lutz v.
Araneta, 98 Phil 148).
Compensatory Objective – For social justice
purposes or other purposes or other legitimate
objectives of the State, with a view to
realize social justice, equitable distribution
of wealth, economic progress and other similar
objectives (Southern Cross Cement Corp. v.
Cement Manufacturers Assoc. of the Phils, GR
158540)
2. Police Power – This is the power vested
in the Legislature by the Constitution to
make, ordain, and establish all manner of
wholesome and reasonable laws, statutes and
ordinances, either with penalties or without,
not repugnant to the Constitution, for the
good and welfare of the State and its
subjects.
Basis:
This power is based on the legal maxim “salus
populi est suprema lex” (the voice of the
people is the supreme law). Every citizen of
every community, in a civilized society must
bear certain burdens imposed for the good of
all.
Note:
No right is absolute in the face of the common
good.
Nature:
Police power is an attribute of sovereignty
and founded on the obligation of the State to
provide protection for its citizens and the
safety and good order of society.
Scope:
Police power is founded on which our social
system rests and has for its object the
improvement of social and economic conditions
affecting the community. It depends on the
security of the social order, life and health
of citizens, comfort and existence in a
thickly populated community, enjoyment of
social life, and beneficial use of property.
Requisites:
1. Interest of the public is general, not that
of pa particular class
2. means used are reasonably necessary for the
purpose, and not unduly oppressive upon
individuals
3. Power of Eminent Domain – This is the
right of the State to acquire private property
for public use upon payment of just
compensation and observance of due process.
Basis:
It is based on genuine necessity and that
necessity must be of public character. It must
be reasonable and practicable such that it
would greatly benefit the public with the
least inconvenience and expense to the
condemning party ad property owner consistent
with such benefit.
Requisites:
1. There must be taking of public property
2. It must be for public use
3. There must be just compensation
4. Due process of law must be observed in
taking of the of property
Goverance in the
Philippines
The Philippine government takes place in an
organized framework of a presidential,
representative, and democratic republic
whereby the president is both the head of Governance in Government – has been
state and the head of government. This system defined as the rules of the political system
revolves around three separate and sovereign to solve conflicts between actors and adopt
yet interdependent branches: the legislative decision (legality). It has also been used to
branch (the law-making body), the executive describe the “ proper functioning of
branch (the law-enforcing body), and the institutions and their acceptance by the
judicial branch (the law-interpreting body). public” (legitimacy).
Executive power is exercised by the government
under the leadership of the president.
Legislative power is vested in both the
government and the two-chamber congress—the
Senate (the upper chamber) and the House of
Representatives (the lower chamber). Judicial
power is vested in the courts with the Supreme
Court of the Philippines as the highest
judicial body.

Governance – emcompasses the system by which

an organisation is controlled and operates,
and the mechanisms by which it, and its
people, are held to account. Ehtics, risk
management, compliance and administration are
all elements of goverance.

Role of Governance – isthe practice of the

board of directors coming together to make
decisions about the direction of the company.
Duties such as oversight, strategic planning,
decision-making and financial planning fall
under governance activities.