List of Experiments For DSP: No. Practical

List of Experiments for DSP
No. Practical
1. Introduction of MATLAB
2. Generation of various discrete-time sequences:
(a)unit sample (d)Exponential
(b)unit step (e) Sinusoidal
(c)ramp (f) Square
3. Convolution and Deconvolution
4. System response:
(a) Impulse response (c) Frequency response
(b) Step response (d) Phase response
5. Z-Transform
Inverse Z-Transform
6. Sampling:
(a)Up sampling
(b) Down sampling
(c) Re-sampling
7. Discrete Fourier Transform Or FFT and IFFT:
(a)4-point
(b)8-point
8. Simulink
System response
Convolution/Deconvolution
Up/Down Sampling
9. DSP Application
Waveread, Wavwrite, Imread, Imwrite, Imshow
10. Design Digital IIR Butterworth
a) Low-pass
b) High-pass
c) Band-pass
d) Band-stop
11. Analog-to-Digital Filter Transformation by
a) Impulse invariance
b) Bilinear Transformation
12. FIR filter design using windowing
EC-402 DSP LAB MANUAL Prepared by: P.M.Shah
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

Lab 1: Introduction of MATLAB
Introduction to MATLAB
MATLAB is a high – performance language for technical computing. It integrates computation,
visualization and programming in an easy – to – use environment where problems and solutions
are expressed in familiar mathematical notations. It includes…
• Math and Computation

• Algorithm development
• Data acquisition
• Modeling, simulation and prototyping
• Scientific and Engineering graphics
• Application development, including GUI building.
The MATLAB system consists of five main parts:
Development Environment:
This is the set of tools and facilities that help you use MATLAB functions and files. Many of these
tools are GUIs. It includes MATLAB desktop and Command Window, a command history, an
editor and debugger, and browsers for viewing help, the workspace, files, and the search path.
The MATLAB Mathematical Function Library:

This is a vast collection of computational algorithms ranging from elementary functions like sum,
sin, cosine, and complex arithmetic, to more sophisticated functions like matrix inverse, matrix
eigenvalues, Bessel Functions and fast Fourier Transforms.
The MATLAB Language:

This is high – level matrix array language with control flow statements, functions, data structures,
input/output, and object – orientated programming features. It allows both “programming in the
small” to rapidly create quick and dirty throw – away programs, and “programming in the large” to
create complete large and complex application programs.
Graphics:
MATLAB has extensive facilities for displaying vectors and matrices as graphs, as well as
annotating and printing these graphs. It includes high – level functions for two dimensional and
three dimensional data visualization, image processing, animation and presentation graphics. It
also includes low level functions that allow you to fully customize the appearance of graphics as
well as to build complete graphical user interface on your MATLAB applications.
The MATLAB Application Program Interface(API):

This is a library that allows you to write C and Fortran programs that interact with MATLAB. It
includes facilities for calling routines from MATLAB, calling MATLAB as a computational
engine, and for reading and writing MAT- files.

Tutorial 1
1. From the command line, evaluate these expressions (a-d) using the following values, t=3.25,
x=4.5,y=6.97,z=1.03
a.) M = 4 x 2 + 3 y + 10
b.) N = e log10 y + 2 z x
1 1
c.)O = +
( x + y ) (t + z )
π
−  x 
d .) P = 4e 2
− sin  
π y 
Ans:
echo on
t=3.25
x=4.5
y=6.97
z=1.03
M=4*x^2+3*y+10
N=exp(log10(y))+2*z^x
O=sqrt(1/(x+y)+1/(t+z));
P=4*exp(-pi/2)-abs(sin(x/(pi*y)));
2.
a. Create a vector X with a starting value of 0.0 and an ending value of 50, with increments of 0.1
between values
b. Create a vector Y with a starting value of 0.1 and an ending value of 50 and with the same
number of elements as in X. The elements must be evenly spaced.
Ans:
X=0:0.1:50;
Y=linspace(.1,50,length(X));
3.
a. Using MATLAB commands create an array, labeled A, consisting of the first 10 prime numbers
listed in increasing order.
b. Using MATLAB commands on the array A to create the matrix B
13 17 19 23 29
B= 
13 11 7 5 3 
Ans:
A=primes(30)
B=[A(6:10);A(6:-1:2)]

4.
a. Use MATLAB commands to find the transpose of B, which you name C
b. Use MATLAB to Compute B*C and C*B.
Ans:
C=B'
BC=B*C
CB=C*B
5. Use a MATLAB command to create directly from matrix B, above, the matrices
19 
D= 
7
E = [19 7 ]
Ans:
D=B(:,3);
E=B(:,3)';
6. Verify Woodberry's Identity: ( A + DE ) = A

−1 −1
−
( A DEA ) for A = 5
−1 −1
2
3 1 
(1 + EA D )
−1

Ans:
A=[5 2;3 1];
A1=inv(A+D*E);
A2=inv(A)-(inv(A)*D*E*inv(A))*inv(1+E*inv(A)*D);
7. Write a MATLAB code to complete the magic square (not using the command magic) so that the
x1 x2 x3
sum from all sides is 15, x4 x5 x6 . Hint : Use solution to system of equations
4 x7 2
Ans:
A=[1 1 1 0 0 0 0 15;
0 0 0 1 1 1 0 15;
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 9;
1 0 0 1 0 0 0 11;
0 1 0 0 1 0 1 15;
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 13;
1 0 0 0 1 0 0 13;
0 0 1 0 1 0 0 11];
X=A(:,1:7)\A(:,8);
Magic_Sq=[X(1:3)';
X(4:6)';
4 X(7) 2]

Lab 2: Generation of various discrete-time sequences: (Tutorial 2)
1. Generate row and column vector of n zero's.

Ans: a=zeros(100,1);
a1=zeros(1,100);
2. Generate row and column vector of n one's.

Ans: b=ones(100,1);
b1=ones(1,100);
3. Generate matrix of 10 * 10 and fill up matrix with 1 to 100 numbers.

Ans: a(10,10)=0;
a(1:100)=1:100;
a'
4. Generate and plot the unit impulse sequence.

Ans: a(1:10)=0;
a(1,1)=1;
stem(a);
5. Generate and the unit step sequence.

Ans: a(1:10)=1;
stem(a);
6. Generate and the ramp sequence.

Ans: a(1:10)=1:10;
stem(a);

7. Generate and the exponential decaying sequence.
Ans: t = 0:10;
d = 0.5
c(1,10) = 0;
c = d.^t
Stem(t,c);
8. Generate and the exponential growing sequence.
Ans: t = 0:10;
e = 2;
f(1,10) = 0;
f = e.^t
Stem(t,f);
9. Generate and plot sinusoidal sequence.

Ans: t = 0:10;
g(1,10) = 0;
g = sin(2*pi*50*t/180);
stem(t,g);
10. Generate and plot cosine sequence.
Ans: t = 0:10;
g(1,10) = 0;
g = cos(2*pi*50*t/180);
stem(t,g);
11. Generate and plot square sequence.
Ans: t=0:0.0001:0.0625;
y=square(2*pi*30*t);
plot(t,y);

MATLAB PROGRAM:
clc;clear all;close all;
n=input('enter the the number of samples n=')
t=0:n-1;
% Unit Impulse sequence

y=[zeros(1,n)]
y(1,1)=1
subplot(3,3,1);
stem(t,y,'m');
ylabel('Amlitude')
xlabel('time')
title('Unit Impulse')
%Unit step sequence

y1=[ones(1,n)]
subplot(3,3,2)
stem(t,y1,'v')
ylabel('Amlitude')
xlabel('time')
title('Unit step')
% Ramp sequence
subplot(3,3,3)
stem(t,t,'r')
ylabel('Amlitude')
xlabel('time')
title('ramp')
% Exponential sequence
a=0.5
y2=a.^t
subplot(3,3,4)
stem(t,y2,'y')
ylabel('Amlitude')
xlabel('time')
title('Exp decaying')
a1=1.5
y2=a1.^t
subplot(3,3,5)
stem(t,y2,'g')
ylabel('Amlitude')
xlabel('time')
title('Exp Growing')

% Sine sequence
y3=sin(t)
subplot(3,3,6)
stem(t,y3,'p')
ylabel('Amlitude')
xlabel('time')
title('Sine')
% Cosine sequence
y4=cos(t)
subplot(3,3,7)
stem(t,y4,'m')
ylabel('Amlitude')
xlabel('time')
title('Cosine')
% Square sequence
y5=square(t)
subplot(3,3,8)
stem(t,y5,'r')
ylabel('Amlitude')
xlabel('time')
title('Square')
OUTPUT ON COMMAND WINDOW:

enter the the number of samples n=20
n=
20
y=
Columns 1 through 13
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
y=
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
y1 =
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
a=
0.5000

y2 =
Columns 1 through 8
1.0000 0.5000 0.2500 0.1250 0.0625 0.0313 0.0156 0.0078
0.0039 0.0020 0.0010 0.0005 0.0002 0.0001 0.0001 0.0000
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
a1 =
1.5000
y2 =
1.0e+003 *
Columns 1 through 8
0.0010 0.0015 0.0022 0.0034 0.0051 0.0076 0.0114 0.0171
0.0256 0.0384 0.0577 0.0865 0.1297 0.1946 0.2919 0.4379
0.6568 0.9853 1.4779 2.2168
y3 =
Columns 1 through 8
0 0.8415 0.9093 0.1411 -0.7568 -0.9589 -0.2794 0.6570
0.9894 0.4121 -0.5440 -1.0000 -0.5366 0.4202 0.9906 0.6503
-0.2879 -0.9614 -0.7510 0.1499
y4 =
Columns 1 through 8
1.0000 0.5403 -0.4161 -0.9900 -0.6536 0.2837 0.9602 0.7539
-0.1455 -0.9111 -0.8391 0.0044 0.8439 0.9074 0.1367 -0.7597
-0.9577 -0.2752 0.6603 0.9887
y5 =
1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1
1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 1


Lab 3: Convolution and Deconvolution
close all;
clear all;
clc;
x = input(' Enter First Seq : ');
y = input(' Enter Second Seq : ');
%x = [1 2 3 4 5];
%y = [3 4 6];
n= length(x)+length(y)-1;
yl = length(y);
xl = length(x);
x0 = zeros(1,n+xl);
x0(yl:yl+xl-1)=x;
y0 = zeros(1,n+yl);
y0(1:yl)=y(yl:-1:1);
for i = 1:n
h(i)=0;
for k = yl:yl+xl-1
h(i) = h(i)+x0(k)*y0(k);
end
for t = length(y0):-1:2
y0(t)=y0(t-1);
end
y0(1)=0;
end
disp('Without using inbuilt Command');
h
disp('With using inbuilt Command');
h0 = conv(x,y)
disp('Deconvolution')
[q,r]=deconv(h0,y);
disp(q)
disp('Deconvolution')
[q,r]=deconv(h0,x);
disp(q)

Output:
Enter First Seq : [1 1 1 1]
Enter Second Seq : [1 1 1 1]
Without using inbuilt Command
h=
1 2 3 4 3 2 1
With using inbuilt Command
h0 =
1 2 3 4 3 2 1
Deconvolution
1 1 1 1
Deconvolution
1 1 1 1

Lab 4: System Response
% …………………..impulse response
close all
clear all
clc
a=[1/3];
b=[1 -5/6 1/6]
x=[1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0];
figure(1)
freqz(a,b);
h=filter(a,b,x);
figure(2)
subplot(2,1,1)
stem(h)
%................................ with impz command
h=impz(a,b)
%................................ step response

y=[1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1]
h=filter(a,b,y);
%................................ with stepz command
s=stepz(a,b);
subplot(2,1,2);
stem(s)
fvtool(a,b)
Output:
b=
1.0000 -0.8333 0.1667
h=
0.3333
0.2778
0.1759
0.1003
0.0543
0.0285
0.0147
0.0075
0.0038
0.0019
0.0010
0.0005
0.0002
0.0001
y=
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Frequency Response:

Impulse & Step
Response:

Pole and Zero
Plots:

Lab 5 : Z-Transform, Inverse Z-Transform
%............. z-transform & inverse z-transform

clc
close all
clear all
n=1;
d=[1 -1.5 0.5];
o=tf(n,d,'variable','z^-1')
%............. inverse z by partial fraction

[r,p,k]=residuez(n,d)
a=tf([-1],[1 -1],'variable','z^-1')
b=tf([-1],[1 -0.5],'variable','z^-1')
%............. by power series

c=impz(n,d)
%............. for stability poles

[z,p,k]=tf2zp(n,d)
zplane(z,p)
%............. for converting higher order to 2nd order

n1=1;
d1=[1 0.5 6 1];
[sos,g]=tf2sos(n1,d1)
[a,b]=sos2tf(sos)
Output:
c=
1.0000
1.5000
1.7500
1.8750
1.9375
1.9688
1.9844
1.9922
1.9961
1.9980
1.9990
1.9995
1.9998
1.9999

z=
Empty matrix: 0-by-1
p=
1.0000
0.5000
k=
1
sos =
1.0000 0 0 1.0000 0.1682 0
1.0000 0 0 1.0000 0.3318 5.9442
g=
1
a=
1 0 0 0
b=
1.0000 0.5000 6.0000 1.0000

Z-PLANE:

Lab 6: Sampling (a) Up (b) Down (c) Re-sampling
clear all;
close all;
%x= [1 3 2 5 7 8 4 2];
fc = .3*pi;
n= 0:40;
x = sin(2*pi*fc*n);
figure(1);
subplot(2,1,1);
stem(x);
title('original signal');
y = upsample(x,2);
subplot(2,1,2);
stem(y);
title('upsampled signal *2');
figure(2);
subplot(2,1,1);
z = downsample(x,2);
stem(z);
title('downsampled signal /2');
w = resample(x,2,3);
subplot(2,1,2);
stem(w);
title('re sampled signal(2/3)');
figure(3);
%upsampling
subplot(2,1,1)
x3 = interp(x,2);
stem(x3);
N = 2;
len = length(x);
len1 = N*len;
x1 = zeros(1,len1);
x1(1:2:len1) = x;
subplot(2,1,2);
stem(x1);

figure(4);
%downsampling
M = 2;
len = length(x);
len1 = len/M;
x1 = x(1:2:len);
stem(x1);
figure(5);
subplot(2,1,1);
stem(x1);
subplot(2,1,2);
x2 = decimate(x,2);
stem(x2);






Lab 7: Discrete Fourier Transform Or FFT and IFFT: (a) 4-point (b) 8-point
Part – A
function y = twiddle_f(n,k,N);
y = exp(-2*pi*j*n*k/N);
Part – B
clear all;
close all;
%Decimation in Time FFT algorithm
% implementation
x = [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8];
xo = x(1:2:length(x));
xe = x(2:2:length(x));
xoo = xo(1:2:length(xo));
xeo = xo(2:2:length(xo));
xoe = xe(1:2:length(xe));
xee = xe(2:2:length(xe));
for i = 1:2
A(i) = 0;
B(i) = 0;
C(i) = 0;
D(i) = 0;
for j = 1:2
A(i) = A(i)+ xoo(j)*twiddle_f(j-1,i-1,2);
B(i) = B(i)+ xeo(j)*twiddle_f(j-1,i-1,2);
C(i) = C(i)+ xoe(j)*twiddle_f(j-1,i-1,2);
D(i) = D(i)+ xee(j)*twiddle_f(j-1,i-1,2);
end
end
for i = 1:4
if i<=2
G(i) = A(i) + twiddle_f(i-1,1,4)*B(i);
H(i) = C(i) + twiddle_f(i-1,1,4)*D(i);
else

G(i) = A(i-2) + twiddle_f(i-1,1,4)*B(i-2);
H(i) = C(i-2) + twiddle_f(i-1,1,4)*D(i-2);
end
end
for i = 1:8;
if i<=4
X(i) = G(i) + twiddle_f(i-1,1,8)*H(i);
else
X(i) = G(i-4) + twiddle_f(i-1,1,8)*H(i-4);
end
end
X1 =fft(x,8);
subplot(2,1,1);
stem(abs(X));
title('FFT using algorithm');
subplot(2,1,2);
stem(abs(X1));
title('FFT using in-built function');


Lab 8: Simulink
Drag and Drop in Simulink Windows:

In a Simulink model, if you select and drag from one window to another, the
selection will appear in the destination window but you will not see it while it is being
dragged outside a Simulink window. This is also true in any other drag and drop situation
between windows. Simulink Model Menus When working with Simulink models, the
OroborOSX menus appear at the top of the desktop.
Simulink Library:

Output On Scope:

Output On Scope:

Lab 9 : DSP Application
close all;
clear all;
clc;
a=imread('rice.tif');
b=imnoise(a,'speckle');
c=imnoise(a,'gaussian');
d=imnoise(a,'salt & pepper');
d1=medfilt2(d);
subplot(2,3,1);
imshow(a);
subplot(2,3,2);
imshow(b);
subplot(2,3,3);
imshow(c);
subplot(2,3,4);
imshow(d);
subplot(2,3,5);
imshow(d1);


Lab 10: Design Digital IIR Butterworth
clc;
clear all;
close all;
%LOW PASS FILTER
rp=input('Enter Passband Ripple : ');

rs=input('Enter Stopband Ripple : ');
fs=input('Enter Sampling Freq : ');
disp(' ');
disp('FOR LOW PASS FILTER');
wp=input('Enter Passband Freq : ');

ws=input('Enter Stopband Freq : ');
w1=2*wp/fs;
w2=2*ws/fs;
[n,wn]=buttord(w1,w2,rp,rs);
[b,a]=butter(n,wn);
w=0:0.01:pi;
[h,om]=freqz(b,a,w);
m=20*log10(abs(h));
an=angle(h);
figure(1);
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(om/pi,m);
xlabel('Normalised Freq');
ylabel('Gain in dB');
%plot(om/pi,m);
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(om/pi,an);
ylabel('Phase in Radians');
%HIGH PASS FILTER

disp(' ');
disp('FOR HIGH PASS FILTER');
%rp=input('Enter Passband Ripple : ');
%rs=input('Enter Stopband Ripple : ');

%fs=input('Enter Sampling Freq : ');
w1=2*wp/fs;
w2=2*ws/fs;
[n,wn]=buttord(w1,w2,rp,rs);
[b,a]=butter(n,wn,'high');
w=0:0.01:pi;
m=20*log10(abs(h));
an=angle(h);
figure(2);
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(om/pi,m);
%plot(om/pi,m);
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(om/pi,an);
%BAND PASS FILTER

disp(' ');
disp('FOR BAND PASS FILTER');
w1=2*wp/fs;
w2=2*ws/fs;
[n]=buttord(w1,w2,rp,rs);
wn=[w1 w2];
[b,a]=butter(n,wn,'bandpass');
w=0:0.01:pi;
m=20*log10(abs(h));
an=angle(h);
figure(3);
subplot(2,1,1);

plot(om/pi,m);
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(om/pi,an);
%BAND STOP FILTER

disp(' ');
disp('FOR BAND STOP FILTER');
w1=2*wp/fs;
w2=2*ws/fs;
[n]=buttord(w1,w2,rp,rs);
wn=[w1 w2];
[b,a]=butter(n,wn,'stop');
w=0:0.01:pi;
m=20*log10(abs(h));
an=angle(h);
figure(4);
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(om/pi,m);
%plot(om/pi,m);
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(om/pi,an);

Output :
Enter Passband Ripple : 0.001
Enter Stopband Ripple : 0.1
Enter Sampling Freq : 0.5
FOR LOW PASS FILTER

Enter Passband Freq : 0.1
Enter Stopband Freq : 0.2
FOR HIGH PASS FILTER

Warning: Log of zero.
> In C:\MATLAB6p5\toolbox\matlab\elfun\log10.m at line 17
In C:\MATLAB6p5\work\as.m at line 56
FOR BAND PASS FILTER

Warning: Log of zero.
> In C:\MATLAB6p5\toolbox\matlab\elfun\log10.m at line 17
In C:\MATLAB6p5\work\as.m at line 87
FOR BAND STOP FILTER


LOW PASS
FILTER:

HIGH PASS FILTER:
BAND PASS FILTER:

BAND STOP FILTER:


Lab 11: Analog-to-Digital Filter Transformation By
b) Impulse invariance
close all;
clear all;
clc
a=input('Enter the Numerator : ');
b=input('Enter the Denumerator : ');
f=input('Enter the Sampling Freq : ');
sys=tf(a,b);
[numd dend]=impinvar(a,b,f);
disp(numd);
disp(dend);
disp(sys);
Output:
Enter the Numerator : [1 2]
Enter the Denumerator : [1 3 4]
Enter the Sampling Freq : 0.3
3.3333 -0.0014
1.0000 0.0040 0.0000
tf object: 1-by-1
c) Bilinear Transformation
close all;
clear all;
clc
a=input('Enter The Numerator : ');
b=input('Enter The Denumerator : ');
sys=tf(a,b);
f=input('Enter The Sampling Freq : ');
[numd dend]=bilinear(a,b,f);
disp(numd);
disp(dend);
Output:
Enter The Numerator : [1 2]
Enter The Denumerator : [2 3 4]
Enter The Sampling Freq : .4
0.3646 0.5208 0.1563
1.0000 0.7083 0.3750

Lab 12: FIR filter design using windowing
%FIR FILTER DESIGN
clc;clear all;close all;
pr=0.05;sr=0.04;
pf=1500;sf=2000;
f=9000;
wp=2*pf/f;ws=2*sf/f;
%LOW PASS FILTER
N=(-20*log10(sqrt(pr*sr))-13)/(14.6*(sf-pf)/f);
N=ceil(N);
%RECTANGULAR WINDOW
y=boxcar(N);
b=fir1(N-1,wp,y);
figure(1);
freqz(b,1,256);
title('Rectangular Window');
%BARTLETT WINDOW
y=bartlett(N);
b=fir1(N-1,wp,y);
figure(2);
freqz(b,1,256);
title('Bartlett Window');
%HAMMING WINDOW
y=hamming(N);
b=fir1(N-1,wp,y);
figure(3);
freqz(b,1,256);
title('Hamming Window');
%HANNING WINDOW
y=hanning(N);
b=fir1(N-1,wp,y);
figure(4);
freqz(b,1,256);
title('Hanning Window');
%KAISER WINDOW
beta=5.8;
y=kaiser(N,beta);
b=fir1(N-1,wp,y);
figure(5)freqz(b,1,256);title('KaiserWindow');

RECTANGULAR
WINDOW





List of Experiments For DSP: No. Practical

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List of Experiments For DSP: No. Practical

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List of Experiments for DSP

EC-402 DSP LAB MANUAL Prepared by: P.M.Shah

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• Math and Computation

The MATLAB system consists of five main parts:

The MATLAB Mathematical Function Library:

The MATLAB Language:

The MATLAB Application Program Interface(API):

EC-402 DSP LAB MANUAL Prepared by: P.M.Shah

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6. Verify Woodberry's Identity: ( A + DE ) = A

EC-402 DSP LAB MANUAL Prepared by: P.M.Shah

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1. Generate row and column vector of n zero's.

2. Generate row and column vector of n one's.

3. Generate matrix of 10 * 10 and fill up matrix with 1 to 100 numbers.

4. Generate and plot the unit impulse sequence.

5. Generate and the unit step sequence.

6. Generate and the ramp sequence.

EC-402 DSP LAB MANUAL Prepared by: P.M.Shah

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9. Generate and plot sinusoidal sequence.

EC-402 DSP LAB MANUAL Prepared by: P.M.Shah

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% Unit Impulse sequence

%Unit step sequence

EC-402 DSP LAB MANUAL Prepared by: P.M.Shah

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OUTPUT ON COMMAND WINDOW:

EC-402 DSP LAB MANUAL Prepared by: P.M.Shah

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EC-402 DSP LAB MANUAL Prepared by: P.M.Shah

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EC-402 DSP LAB MANUAL Prepared by: P.M.Shah

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With using inbuilt Command

EC-402 DSP LAB MANUAL Prepared by: P.M.Shah

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%................................ step response

EC-402 DSP LAB MANUAL Prepared by: P.M.Shah

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EC-402 DSP LAB MANUAL Prepared by: P.M.Shah

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EC-402 DSP LAB MANUAL Prepared by: P.M.Shah

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EC-402 DSP LAB MANUAL Prepared by: P.M.Shah

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%............. z-transform & inverse z-transform

%............. inverse z by partial fraction

%............. by power series

%............. for stability poles

%............. for converting higher order to 2nd order

EC-402 DSP LAB MANUAL Prepared by: P.M.Shah

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EC-402 DSP LAB MANUAL Prepared by: P.M.Shah

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EC-402 DSP LAB MANUAL Prepared by: P.M.Shah

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EC-402 DSP LAB MANUAL Prepared by: P.M.Shah

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