F19MV1 VECTOR ANALYSIS Final Examination December 2014

1. (a) Find the unit tangent vector T, the principal normal vector N and the curvature
κ along the parametrized curve r(u) = (5 cos u, 5 sin u, u).
(8 marks)
(b) Find the equations for the normal line and tangent plane to the surface

xy + yz + zx = 11

at the point (1, 2, 3).

(8 marks)

2. (a) Calculate the divergence and curl of the vector field

f (x, y, z) = (y 2 + z 2 , x3 − z 3 , z 4 )

(4 marks)
(b) Show that if g and h are differentiable scalar fields then

∇(g h) = h ∇g + g ∇h

(6 marks)

3. (a) Show that for any twice differentiable scalar field f , the vector field ∇f is
irrotational.
(6 marks)
(b) Show that the vector field

g(x, y, z) = (2xz 3 + 6y, 6x − 2yz, 3x2 z 2 − y 2 )

is irrotational. Hence find a scalar potential φ for g.

(12 marks)

4. (a) Evaluate the scalar line integral

Z
f (r) ds
C

where f (r) = x2 + y 2 and C is the curve parametrized by r(u) = (a cos u, a sin u, bu)
with a, b constants and 0 ≤ u ≤ 2π.
(10 marks)
(b) Determine the area of the parametrized surface given by

r(u, v) = (u cos v, u sin v, 1) , 0 ≤ u ≤ 2 , 0 ≤ v ≤ 2π

(10 marks)
(continued.....)
5. State the divergence theorem, and use it to evaluate the surface integral
ZZ
f · n dS
S

where f (r) = (x2 , y 2 , z 2 ) and S is the surface of the cube 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, 0 ≤ y ≤ 1,

0 ≤ z ≤ 1 with n the outward pointing unit normal vector.
(10 marks)

6. (a) State Stokes’ theorem.

(3 marks)
(b) Let f and g be twice continuously differentiable scalar fields on R3 , and C
a closed simple piecewise-smooth curve bounding a simple smooth surface S. Use
Stokes’ theorem, together with the statements of Question 2 (b) and Question 3 (a),
to show that I I
(f ∇g) · dr = − (g ∇f ) · dr
C C

(8 marks)

END OF PAPER
 F19MV1 VECTOR ANALYSIS 2014 Final Exam Solutions

1. (a) dr du du
T= = (−5 sin u, 5 cos u, 1)
du ds ds
du 1 1
Using kTk = 1 we get =√ = √ and so
ds 25 + 1 26
1
T = √ (−5 sin u, 5 cos u, 1)
26
dT du 1
Since κ N = = (−5 cos u, −5 sin u, 0) we get
du ds 26
5
κ=
26
and
N = (− cos u, − sin u, 0)
(2 marks for du/ds, 2 marks for each quantity)
(b) The surface is f (x, y, z) = 11 where f (x, y, z) = xy + yz + zx, so
∇f (x, y, z) = (y + z, x + z, x + y), ∇f (1, 2, 3) = (5, 4, 3),
so the normal line and tangent plane are given by

r = (1, 2, 3) + u(5, 4, 3);

5x + 4y + 3z = (1, 2, 3) · (5, 4, 3) = 22.

(2 marks for ∇f , 2 marks for ∇f at point, 2 marks for equation of normal

line, 2 marks for tangent plane)
2. (a)
∇ · f = 4z 3
 
 ∂i j k 

∂ ∂ 
∇ × f =  ∂x ∂y ∂z 
 y2 + z2 x3 − z 3 z4 
= i(0 + 3z 2 ) − j(0 − 2z) + k(3x2 − 2y) = (3z 2 , 2z, 3x2 − 2y)

(2 marks for divergence, 2 marks for curl)

(b) Using the product rule, we have
∂ ∂g ∂h
(gh) = h +g .
∂x ∂x ∂x
Similar formulas for the derivatives with respect to y and z give
   
∂g ∂g ∂g ∂h ∂h ∂h
∇(gh) = h , h , h + g ,g ,g = h∇g + g∇h .
∂x ∂y ∂z ∂x ∂y ∂z

(1 mark for each partial derivative, 3 marks for conclusion)

3. (a)
  
 i j k
 ∂ ∂ ∂ 
∇ × (∇f ) =  ∂x ∂y ∂z 
 ∂f ∂f ∂f 
∂x ∂y ∂z

∂ 2f ∂ 2f ∂ 2f ∂ 2f ∂ 2f ∂ 2f
     
= − i+ − j+ − k
∂y∂z ∂z∂y ∂z∂x ∂x∂z ∂x∂y ∂y∂x

=0
using equalities of mixed partial derivatives.
(2 marks for correct curl, 2 marks for equality of mixed partials, 2 marks
for conclusion)
(b) 
 i j k


∂ ∂ ∂
 
∇×f = 
∂x ∂y ∂z


 2xz 3 + 6y 6x − 2yz 3x2 z 2 − y 2 
= (−2y + 2y, −6xz 2 + 6xz 2 , 6 − 6) = 0
g = ∇φ gives the equations:
∂φ
= 2xz 3 + 6y =⇒ φ = x2 z 3 + 6xy + g(y, z)
∂x
∂φ ∂g
= 6x + = 6x − 2yz =⇒ g = −y 2 z + h(z)
∂y ∂y
∂φ dh dh
= 3x2 z 2 − y 2 + = 3x2 z 2 − y 2 =⇒ = 0 =⇒ h = C
∂z dz dz
Setting C = 0 gives
φ = x2 z 3 + 6xy − y 2 z
(3 marks for irrotational, 3 marks each step in arriving at φ)
4. (a)
r0 (u) = (−a sin u, a cos u, b)
kr0 (u)k = (a2 + b2 )1/2
f (r(u)) = a2 cos2 u + a2 sin2 u = a2
Z Z 2π
f (r) ds = a2 (a2 + b2 )1/2 du = 2πa2 (a2 + b2 )1/2 .
C 0
0
(3 marks for kr (u)k, 3 marks for correct parametrized line integral, 4
marks for integration and answer)
∂r ∂r
(b) = (cos v, sin v, 0) , = (−u sin v, u cos v, 0), so
∂u ∂v
 

 i j k 

N =  cos v
 sin v 0  = (0, 0, u)
 −u sin v u cos v 0 

and thus
ZZ ZZ
Area(S) = dS = kN(u, v)k du dv
S Ω
Z 2π Z 2  Z 2π
= u du dv = 2 dv = 4π
0 0 0
 (3 marks for partials of r(u, v), 3 marks for N, 4 marks for integral and
answer)
5. Divergence theorem: If V is a volume in R3 bounded by a simple closed piecewise-
smooth surface S, and f is a continuously differentiable vector field whose domain
contains V and S, then
ZZZ ZZ
(∇ · f ) dx dy dz = f · n dS
V S

For the given vector field f we have ∇ · f = 2x + 2y + 2z and hence

ZZ ZZZ Z 1 Z 1 Z 1  
f · n dS= (2x + 2y + 2z) dx dy dz = (2x + 2y + 2z) dx dy dz
S V 0 0 0
Z 1 Z 1  Z 1
= {1 + 2y + 2z} dy dz = {1 + 1 + 2z} dz = 3
0 0 0

(3 marks for theorem, 2 marks for divergence, 5 marks for correct integration
and answer)
6. Stokes’ theorem: If S is a simple smooth surface in R3 bounded by a simple closed
piecewise smooth curve C, and f is a continuously differentiable vector field whose
domain contains S and C, then
ZZ I
(∇ × f) · n dS = f · dr
S C

From question 2 (b),

∇(f g) = g ∇f + f ∇g .
Integrate both sides of this equation over C. Using Stokes’ theorem, the left-hand
side is I ZZ
∇(f g) · dr = (∇ × ∇(f g)) · n dS = 0
C S

since ∇ × ∇(f g) = 0. Comparing this with the line integral of the right-hand side
gives I I
0 = (g ∇f ) · dr + (f ∇g) · dr
C C
and the result follows.
(3 marks for theorem, 3 marks for correctly using question 2 (b), 3 marks
for irrotational property, 2 marks for conclusion)