UM-102 CALCULUS AND LINEAR ALGEBRA

ASSIGNMENT 3
TIRTHANKAR BHATTACHARYA

(1) Let F (x, y, z) √be a smooth function(partial derivatives of all order exist) of three variables for
which ∇F (1, −1, 2) = (1, 2, −2). Use chain rule to evaluate ∂F π π
∂φ at (ρ, φ, θ) = (2, 4 , − 4 .) Use
x = ρ sin φ cos θ, y = ρ sin φ sin θ, z = ρ cos φ.

(2) Suppose F : R3 → R has the property that there exists n ∈ N such that F (tx, ty, tz) =
tn F (x, y, z) for all t ∈ R and (x, y, z) ∈ R3 .(Such a function is said to be homogeneous of de-
gree n.) If the first order partial derivatives of F exist and are continuous, then show that
x ∂F ∂F ∂F
∂x + y ∂y + z ∂z = nF.

(3) Suppose f (x, y) is a smooth function of two variables. We use polar coordinate x = r cos θ, y =
2
1 ∂2φ ∂ 2 f ∂ 2 f ∂f ∂f
r sin θ and define φ(r, θ) = f (r cos θ, r sin θ). Express ∂∂rφ2 + 1r ∂φ
∂r + r2 ∂θ2 in terms of ∂x2 , ∂y 2 , ∂x , ∂y
∂2f
and ∂x∂y .

(4) Suppose f (x, y, z) is a smooth function of three variables satisfying x ∂F ∂F ∂F

∂x + y ∂y + z ∂z = pf for
some p ∈ N, then show that f must be homogeneous of degree p.

(5) (a) Find all differentiable vector fields f : R3 → R3 for which the Jacobian matrix Df (x, y, z)
is the identity matrix of order 3.
3 3
(b) Find all differentiable
  f : R → R for which the Jacobian matrix is a diagonal
vector fields
p(x) 0 0 
 
matrix of the form  0 q(y) 0 , where p, q, and r are given continuous functions.
 
 0 0 r(z)
 

(6) Let f : R2 → R2 and g : R3 → R2 be two vector fields defined as follows:

f (x, y) = ex+2y i + sin(y + 2x)j,
g(u, v, w) = (u + 2v 2 + 3w3 )i + (2v − u2 )j.
(a) Compute each of the Jacobian matrices Df (x, y) and Dg(u, u, w).
(b) Compute the composition h(u, v, w) = f [g(u, v, w)].
(c) Compute the Jacobian matrix Dh(1, −1, 1).

(7) Let f (x, y) = Ax2 + 2Bxy + Cy 2 + 2Dx + 2Ey + F , where A > 0 and B 2 < AC.
(a) Prove that a point (x1 , y1 ) exists at which f has a minimum.
(b) Prove that f (x1 , y1 ) = Dx1 + Ey1 + F at this minimum.
(c) Show that  
A B D
 
1 
f (x1 , y1 ) = B C E 
 
AC − B 2 
D E F 


(8) Check whether (0, 0) is a saddle point or not for the following functions
(a) f (x, y) = x2 y 3
(b) f (x, y) = x − y.

1
 (9) Locate and classify the stationary points (if any) of the surfaces having the Cartesian equa-
tions given.
(a) z = x2 + (y − 1)2
(b) z = x2 − (y − 1)2
(c) z = 1 + x2 − y 2 .

(10) The equation f ( xy , xz ) = 0 defines z implicitly as a function of x and y, say z = g(x, y).
Show that

∂g ∂g
x +y = g(x, y)
∂x ∂y
at those points at which D2 f [ xy , g(x,y)
x ] is not zero.