CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION

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1.1 Introduction

Home automation may designate an emerging practice of increased automation of household

appliances and features in residential dwellings, particularly through electronic means that allow
for things impracticable, overly expensive or simply not possible in recent decades. Home
automation includes all that a building automation provides like climate controls, door and
window controls, and in addition control of multimedia home theatres, pet feeding, plant
watering and so on. But there exists a difference in that home automation emphasizes more on
comforts through ergonomics and ease of operation.

1.2 Objective of the Project

This project introduces a low cost and flexible home control and environmental monitoring
system. It employs an NodeMCU microcontroller which runs on the ESP8266 Wi-Fi , with IP
connectivity for accessing and controlling devices and appliances remotely. These devices can be
controlled through a web application or via Android based Smart phone app. The proposed
system does not require a dedicated server PC with respect to similar systems and offers a novel
communication protocol to monitor and control the home environment with more than just the
switching functionality.

The logic is produced by the program written in Embedded C language. The software program is
written, by using the Arduino IDE .

With the help of Daily Status People and also user get the recent information of the house. User
can identify the room that are more accessed. This project deals with one of the efficient method
of kitchen safety.

1.3 Motivation
Home automation results in a smarter home and is used to provide a higher & healthier standard
of living. The beauty of a home automation system is that it is highly scalable, flexible and it's

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capabilities are limited only by our imagination. With the IoT revolution just around the corner, it
is high time we move towards widespread adoption of such a system

1.4 Dissertation Organization

Chapter-1 Provides information about objective of the project, motivation of home automation
with daily status

Chapter-2 Introduces the concept of NodeMCU microcontroller, Temperature sensor, Motion

sensors, LED Display.

Chapter-3 Provides us with the Existing System home automation like Manned operated Home
automation system , Thermostat Automation System.

Chapter-4Introduces us with the Proposed System Design Overview, Features of Proposed

System, Proposed System Workflow and DFD.

Chapter-5 Provides us with the Conclusion of the System and the future work.

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 CHAPTER-2

LITERATURE REVIEW

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2.1 NodeMCU
NodeMCU is an open source IoT platform. It includes firmware which runs on the ESP8266
Wi-Fi SoC from Espressif Systems, and hardware which is based on the ESP-12 module. The
term "NodeMCU" by default refers to the firmware rather than the development kits. The
firmware uses the Lua scripting language..

Fig 2.1 : NodeMCU

It is based on the eLua project, and built on the Espressif Non-OS SDK for ESP8266. It uses
many open source projects, such as lua-cjson and SPIFFS .
2.3 Motion Sensors 
A motion detector is a device that detects moving objects, particularly people. Such a device is
often integrated as a component of a system that automatically performs a task or alerts a user of
motion in an area. They form a vital component of security, automated lighting control, home
control, energy efficiency and other useful systems

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 Fig 2.2 : Motion Sensor

2.3 Air Quality Sensors

Air pollution sensors are devices that detect and monitor the presence of air pollution in the
surrounding area. They can be used for both indoor and outdoor environments. These sensors can
be built at home, or bought from certain manufactures. Although there are various types of air
pollution sensors, and some are specialized in certain aspects, the majority focuses on five
components: ozone, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrous oxide. The
sensors were very expensive in the past, but with technological advancements these sensors are
becoming more affordable and more widespread throughout the population. These sensors can
help serve many purposes and help bring attention to environmental issues beyond the scope of
the human eye

Fig 2.3 : Air Quality Sensors

2.4 LED Display

A Liquid crystal display (LCD) is a flat display  that uses the light modulating properties of
liquid display.They are common in consumer devices such as video players, gaming devices,
clocks,telephones,computers,calculators etc.
A (16x2) LCD panel consists of 16 coulums and 2 rows.It can show upto 16 characters in 2 lines.

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 Fig 2.4 : LED Display

CHAPTER-3
EXISTING SYSTEM

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3.1 Introduction
Homes typically have several kinds of home wiring, including Electrical wiring for lighting and
power distribution, permanently installed and portable appliances, telephone, heating or
ventilation system control, and increasingly for home theatre and computer networks

3.2 Existing System

In the traditional system it is difficult to control the use of energy thus it causes the wastage of
energy because it may be over used often. As being an automated system it provides some
benefits that can not be expected from an ongoing traditional system.

3.2.1 Switch board System

A light switch is a switch most commonly used to operate electric lights, permanently connected
equipment, or electrical outlets. Portable lamps such as table lamps may have a light switch
mounted on the socket, base, or in-line with the cord. Manually operated on/off switches may be
substituted by dimmer switches that allow controlling the brightness of lamps as well as turning
them on or off, time-controlled switches, occupancy-sensing switches, and remotely controlled
switches and dimmers. Light switches are also found in flashlights, vehicles, and other devices .

Fig 3.1 : Switch board System

3.2.2 Thermostat Automation System

Most commercially available home automation systems are all-in-one solutions which require
that all controllable appliances are from the same company, or must be approved as compatible

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with said company’s system. Moreover these systems normally come with a proprietary,
dedicated device which acts as the control center. To control the system from multiple locations,
additional control devices must be purchased.

Fig 3.2 Thermostat Automation System

3.3 Summary
All of these systems above are trying to provide a standard service in different approach. In
various cases most of these approach are not efficient. There are many error in those approach
faced and occurred several accident and damage to life and property.

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 CHAPTER-4
PROPOSED SYSTEM DESIGN

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4.1 Proposed System
Home automation may designate an emerging practice of increased automation of household
appliances and features in residential dwellings, particularly through electronic means that allow
for things impracticable, overly expensive or simply not possible in recent decades.

This project introduces a low cost and flexible home control and environmental monitoring
system. It employs an NodeMCU microcontroller which runs on the ESP8266 Wi-Fi , with IP
connectivity for accessing and controlling devices and appliances remotely. These devices can be
controlled through a web application or via Android based Smart phone app. The proposed
system does not require a dedicated server PC with respect to similar systems and offers a novel
communication protocol to monitor and control the home environment with more than just the
switching functionality.

Fig 4.1 : Proposed system design

4.2 Proposed System Design

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Our proposed method is the creation if a plan or converting for a construction of an object before
it built or made. Home Automated system design is a process of a problem solving and planning
for a secure system. After the purpose and specification of software are determined , we will
design and develop a plan for solution . it includes low-level components and algorithm and
implementation issue as well as architectural view.

4.3 Features of proposed system

⮚ High and long read range
⮚ Accuracy (less than 0.001% missed or erroneous reads)
⮚ Automatically detect the train
⮚ Lower operating cost and No line of sight
⮚ Less sensitive to electromagnetic interference, vibration, shock, temperature
⮚ Real time information processing

4.4 Proposed System Design Overview

This proposed solution will overcome all the drawbacks of existing home systems. We have
seen some major problem to maintain switching system manually .

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4.5 Proposed System Design
There are two part in this proposed system design workflow. One is hardware part and other one
is software part. In hardware part there all the module work to detect the signal and control the
switching. The software part there are all the NodeMCU microcontroller with sensors send data
to server using wifi. And the webserver manipulate the data and display the current status to the
user.

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 Fig 4.2 : Proposed System Design Workflow

4.6 Data Flow Diagram

4.6.1DFD

Fig 4.3 : DFD

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4.6.2 Flow Chart

Fig 4.5 : Flow Chart

4.7 ER Diagram

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 Fig 4.6 : ER Diagram

4.8 Summary
In this project, we built NodeMCU microcontroller which runs on the ESP8266 Wi-Fi .Using
different kind of sensor, we can measure data that comes from NodeMCU microcontroller board
via Bluetooth and display this data on computer. We also downloaded and installed the required
software components of the project.Then, we built the hardware part of the project and made the
required connections on the breadboard. We connected the Bluetooth module and the
temperature and humidity sensor to the NodeMCU microcontroller .

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CHAPTER-5
CONCLUSION

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5.1 Conclusion
The mobile device connects to the server PC through Bluetooth or Wi-Fi or through the internet.
The user sends commands to the server from the mobile device. The microcontroller is
connected to the server via USB. On receiving commands from the mobile device, the server
sends commands to the microcontroller over the USB connection. The microcontroller is directly
connected to the relays and it can enable or disable them. The relays are connected to the
electrical system of the building so that they can control the  plug points. Individual processes
can be enhanced which will push innovation and improve relationships with people.

5.2 Future Work

1. Using image processing to identify authentic people.
2. Developing an application to awareness about the home safety to the people.
3. Developing system with artificial Intelligence .

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