Professional Documents
Culture Documents
أثر الذكار الثقافي في قدرات الابتكار الإداري
أثر الذكار الثقافي في قدرات الابتكار الإداري
($#
!
")
FG
KJG
F MN
LF
PF# L
2014
ب
ج
د
J
,
. !
,
+!
4 )./$ ) 5- )2 )
) #/$ 63 + ,3
& $
& & ('3.
(.$ 89 - &' %$ -,
&
(
(
/:'
: /
- ( #+! ('3.
8- /; < )
.= !%$
.
&@ ( #+! A4
!
& &' -, = ,
T
( )
,
&
.... 5
& %$
...=
).. *+
...B$. B;& %
...#$ C )
),
% % ),
% % ),
...).$ 73
& ...*
, , /
5 3
...4 (
% ).
,
D
+! *!, =
$ &
و
]N F\
, .
E ;
A ('3.
(.$ 3
- &'
# 8!4
5
(
?3
2 $ (
?3
&'9 (
?3
(
?3
( (F G
H ( % $.4 (F G
" :P# PN]
2 (
(
-
(1K1)
40 ( ( %
(8K2)
( )" a :` PN]
42 (
-
(1K3)
42 ( ( $/.
(2K3)
42 /. ( D
$
(3K3)
45 ( :
5 F
7 (4K3)
( (. 9
49
( 5 (5K3)
5
51 ( 5 F
(6K3)
51 (
( ?4 ($
(7K3)
53 /1 ( (8K3)
\]
PL c[ :b
PN]
56 (
-
(1K4)
56 ( V?. (2K4)
71 ( 5 (3K4)
N c[ : PN]
81 (
-
(1K5)
81 V?. (2K5)
83 5$.C (3K5)
84 5 (4K5)
ح
!d [
]N F\
b [
87 ( D$
:C
= ,
89 ( .$4 D$
:= .1
!d
93
(
?3
ط
P [
]N P e
DPN]
P
42 ( D
$
(1K3)
42 .( H
.; )
5 .$ (2K3)
42 .( (. ,
(%
5.4 (3K3)
46 .0.$ F
( (. , D % < (4K3)
47
F
( (. , D % < (5K3)
47 .); > %&
F
( (. , D % < (6K3)
48 .)
6
F
( (. , D % < (7K3)
49 )
5. F
( (. , D % < (8K3)
.$. 0
.
52 .(;, X.& 0 -
) (.C 9 ) C 51
(9K3)
57 % ; 6
t 3 (
5.C ( 52
(1K4)
) 5
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) )-18&+
.9
60 6
t 3 (
5.C ( 52
(2K4)
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) )-1 8&+ (
.9 ) 5
ي
]N P e
DPN]
P
62 6
t 3 (
5.C ( 52
(3K4)
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) )-1 8&+ Z
.9 ) 5
65 (32 6
t 3 (
5.C ( 52
(4K4)
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) *4 &4 53
.9 ) 5
67 (.
6
t 3 (
5.C ( 52
(5K4)
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) *4 &4 53
.9 ) 5
69 (, 6
t 3 (
5.C ( 52
(6K4)
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) *4 &4 53
.9 ) 5
70 .8C
B
V?. (7K4)
]N
P e DPN]
P
72 #@ )-1 8&+ 1@
.C V?. (8K4)
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) *4 &4 53 )
.9 ) 5
]N P e
DPN]
P
76 ) #@ )-1 8&+ 1@
.C V?. (10K4)
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) *4 &4 53 (.
.9 ) 5
PJ# [
!d [
113
&
8
@ (
?3 1
114 ((.4)( 2
122 $
)
& 3
) $. 0
.;
) 5
(-2.
9
ن
FG
KJG
F MN
LF
V hL
i L
)
*4 &4 53 ) )-1 8&+ 1, 0 3 ( #+! 5!
4
(.&
( (.
( 9 5
D
$ - (30) 5
'
,(SPSS V.21) (
$C ( ?4 (
% 5 ;
:/
! V?.
( 5 /
س
8&+ Z ,)-1 8&+ % ;) )-1 8&+ 9 ( ? (C *+ 1, $ .1
9 ) 5
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) *4 &4 53 ) ()-1
) *4 &4 53 (32 ) )-1 8&+ % ; ( ? (C *+ 1, $ .2
8&+ Z ,)-1 8&+ % ;) )-1 8&+ 9 ( ? (C *+ 1, $ .3
) 5
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) *4 &4 53 (.
) ()-1
8&+ Z ,)-1 8&+ % ;) )-1 8&+ 9 ( ? (C *+ 1, $ .4
) 5
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) *4 &4 53 (, ) ()-1
.(a ≤ 0.05) (C 6
. 9
/ $'
(
$C 53 (
. ) = ,
6 )-1
.(
, ( 5& ) 2 /;
#@ )-1
ع
Prepared by
Supervisor
Dr.
Abstract
P# PN]
"
(
(
-
(1K1)
( (
!, (4K1)
( A+
., (6K1)
( 5
(8K1)
(;
(;
5?
, F &
9 5
>.
>
) )-
.3 (
>.9 %C
(-1 & 5
>.
@$ ,A. 09
5/
(
>.
,
& % 7/ .C ,)-1 8&+ 2
-
. (.$
: 5-1 5+ (? ) &4
/.&
) (
$C
(
$ , ( -1 , ( 7> 5.& 8 5
>.
/' ) F
7>
,(.
,(32
3 &@ %
( & 53 +
@ 5 F
($C /
.(18;2010,Z
) (9
. .; 4
3
(? ) $.C -
=-? - 5 3
'
5-1 7 &'
,
9 5
>.
C D
;. 7 & .@ ,(
>.
G 7>
& &
c; =.
X.
<
C +! -
. ,/
$.C
C D
.
5+ (
!, *; )-1 8&+ < .!
,&C
.(1:2012,))
C < D ) )-1 8&+ ($ 5
>.
D
$
) 5-1 *
6 ((9 ,(.
K:
5
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) 5-1 *
5 6
.1
5
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) 5-1 *
5 6
.2
d9 ) 5
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) 5-1 *
6 ((.
) *4 &4 53 ) (Z ,(
,% ;) )-1 8&+ 1, !
.4
d9 ) 5
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) 5-1 *
d9 ) 5
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) 5-1 *
3D1)
5
" l (
(1) PJ
.(Chou:2012) (Livermore:2009) m
O "R
F $ :lR
6
D: "[ \]
≥ α (C 6
. $. 0
. ) ((9 ,(.
,(32) *4 &4
53 (.
) (Z ,(
,% ;) )-1 8&+ ( ? (C + 1, $ C :H0D2
(5D1)
7
" KT
*
*4 &4 53 ) )-1 8&+ 1, (
( #+! 5!
K:)
( 7!, 51
()&.
& . ,Z.
. ,5
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) 5-1 *
5 6
7 .1
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) 5-1 *
5 6
7 .2
.9 ) 5
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) 5-1 *
6 ((.
) *4 &4 53 ) (Z ,(
,% ;) )-1 8&+ 1, (
.4
.9 ) 5
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) 5-1 *
.9 ) 5
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) 5-1 *
8
(& ) (
/
.$ 6@ 2, )-1 8&+ (
!,
( #+! (
!, />
5
>.
- 0 -
!,
) *4 &4 53 )! /- - 5
>.
$. 0
. ) 5-1 *
(
/
( ' ` 7/ ` ,!2
.9 ) 5
(-2.
)
T#
.; ; &
5
# , D3
!
8&+ 1@
9 ) 5
(-2.
) $. 0
.; 5 - .1
_ T#
D
$
9 ) 5
(-2.
) $. 0
.; ; ( (
.1
) 5
(-2.
) $. 0
.; (-
(
5 $
) =
/ - .2
.9
(-2.
) $. 0
.
(. ( #+! 53 : .1
.()&.
& . ,Z.
. ,5
. ,% & .) 9 ) 5
.# &+
( .
% ; ) ( #+! 5%$. :I .3
.+ )
).1 ; ( /.
,(
,% ;) )-1 8&+ ( #+! ) (1 5
:LV .4
.(Horng,2002:40
10
/ ) 5
(3 ( #+! ) (1 / 5 ) V?. (
!,
.1
.(.
.( H
(-
(
(
.3
; 3 %& *+ 8&+ &' ! :(Cultural Intelligence) •
.
& 7
D
7 & $ (-1 ,
!C ; $ 6
! :(Incentive) I] •
( -1 - 5
; / 6
)! :(Knowledge) V •
.(;
11
: )>; 8C F )-1 7 & ; 3 ! :(Behavior) uL" •
./
. 6C 5-1 D
. &' )>;
$ - - , $ $.& , &, 2 . $ ;
.(
?- 5&'
- (.
5&'
$
, & /. V. ` (
$ , ; 6
/> )
H.
& B3 A. ) ( ; 3 )! :(Fluency) d •
52
D
.
( .
% )
H
) 5 &9
.( 3 (?
( .!+ ( F &9 7 H. - )! :(Flexibility) •
.(.
& , 73
D
; 7 & ($ )! , (&'
73
D
.
. , , $ &, ; 3 )! :(Originality) N# •
.( . (
- C &, /@ &9 #+! %
,, /
12
PN]
" " _
(
-
(1K2)
( #+! %
(8K2)
13
(1D2)
=
$ 8Ca! 2 , '.
5
>.
)
` 6 2.
)
,(F ) / ; 5-1 *
C ,/
) (
>.
) (-1 ) ; ,/& (- 2 ) ,8 ' />. ) - 5 ,
3 $
> /-1 H
, - &
Z+ ,( C /? ) !&
& 5@'. .!
,/.F' ) 7?> ) ( ; /
/? 6
1a
5-1 D
;. 7 & ; / &;
$ ) (- 2 ' ) )-1 8&+
) (
>.
,&4 H4
C (& &
u
(? 2 ,/
6C
v Z+ +.
,2002 ( 4 (
$C )
9 )-1 8&+ /;
/>
&; 5/
( ?%$ )-1 8&+ <2
' .5 )3 H
(-1 ) 0. V
. 7 & +
) ) a /;
; /
) (
(&'
C 2. H, D
6 (-1 /
. ) ?- D
;
14
H.
&C
(
% 5- (
. ( (
($ 5/> ,
F '
) 8;& ; ; 3 :.@ )-1 8&+ Earley and Ang (2003:3) 7 3
.6C 5-1
.
$ !
>. ` ,(
D$
& ) 5 )-1 8&+ 1& 6 5; Z.!
:( 5
./
/ $ 5-1 7 •
.5a
- •
."4 ,
) & 8 )-1 %
, H. ) 5C ) .
15
SV
T (3D2)
(
>.
, /
D
$ * ;
, - 2 )-1 8&+ (
` ( 1&, 3 (
>.
3 ,
) ( .. ( ' 53 (
3
( -
! )-1 8&+ ,6C 5-1 , D
; (&'
!
- D
*+ G' | +&! ,6C 5-1 D
( 5+ ; 5!$ ( -1 -
.$
& / -
' )-1 8&+ 9 5
$ , 9 =&'
=
3
: ? `1
& &
+! .Z+ /
7 & , $
. .
& 0 ,)!
& = $ =
/ $ (-1 / .1
./. %
5 $ (-1
Z.@ ) ) 5
/; Z+ 51 .2
.H2
3 ( $ (-1 ( C (-1) -1 ? ;
F .3
16
" :! Daniel Goleman 0;. ( >. #+! ? !
(10:2012,(
.) ."; 3C 3 &; 53 <
&
/
/; .C ,. 5.&
/
$ 5 `
1&
/;
./3
C
/-1
!C
.
&' /
3 C D
;
E & +
(
/
,
9 5
>.
D
$ ) /- 2
$ ) (
(
>.
,
& Z ,5/
,7
,5- (
.(Livermore,2011:2)
) )-1 8&+ 2 ( . ) C !, Stening (2006:76) '
:
.(.
5-1 5 3 •
17
5!$C E $. =. ,
H
G 73
&'u 5!$C ,
F
C 73
5!$ > ,(.
( & !> ( - - !'
+ ,
/
' ? E ,
Z&;
.$ ? $.C
(
>.
/ A ) /& C ( $.
- $.C $ :
3 ,
; 6
* ); > ! (
! ( -1 ( ; 5!$C 1&
' `
%
; /
! V?. 5
5
%
#+! & ,% $C ,C D
53 ,
) (
) ?
% . (
>.
. )$ C #$C )-1 ?&+ $ $
;
?&+ $
) F ;
,(
>.
) -C 8- .
) -C #'
) ?
% D
3 ,) #$C
.(117:2008,0)
18
:R U $
u J PF] PV h\ a
2F )!
9 5
>.
) )-1 8&+ 2 . ) 6C (
/
C
51a
C ($ /.@
2F 7u ,/
) C //$ )
!;
E &
,0;. ) 1C
H.
51a
#+! ,( - ( &
.(120:2008,0)
) D
73
, Z ) -1 ;
D
,(;
=2F /$ (;
5-1
.
C
D
; & /$ *+ )-1 8&+ )! 2 #+!
,(;
2 (2: 73
#+!
< ,5C 2F & )' *a 6C 5-1 5 & D
7 &
.=
C
= 3 1& ;
,$ H' # *+ Z H. $ - . .C D
(
>.
)
& /.
( 1& & (-1 ).
C 5$ H'
/ D
E
&
) 5-1 *
C /
) ( &
C
19
.(Daniels,Radebaugh and,2009:118K121)
,<
1
( $ C
3 &
. )-1 8&+ 1, /> ,(
>.
.6C -
! : C
&
) C /' =- / } ) (-1 (?
.C /
5$ Z.!
&
) =
/?- 52
& = $ ' ( -1 52- - &
Z+ ,
=
= -1 =3 ( ) /$
C 5
>.
- + C ,&4 ,(
5
>.
>.
+/ ,(;
5-1
& ;. ; $
. (=
= .
=% &' *+ C
) 5$. %@ A+
. +! - :% % A+
. .3
C 5
>.
: ) A+
. +! ,5$. #+! & / ` ,/
.(
.5-1 *
( -1 52- (
! ($
- A+
. #+! >.
5-1 *
, D
*+ ; 6 )-1 8&+ 2 6
0 3 &
:I] .1
D
7 & . D. . ; / *+ 6
.@ % ; (2011:9)
$ 7
5 $ D
. ; (-1 +! 1
,
$ ( -1 52
5-1 3 D
7 & )
(32 (-1
!C 6
,( C /-1
. +
(&'
: (&'
( -1 5
) 1
; 3
(?;& 0
/
%$. - ; % $. +&! .(Fakhr El Din,2011:4)
)& 8&+ C !
, D
$ Z'
)-1 &;
(
.(Nafei,2012:28)
& ` ,
) +
/$ 1
6
%% ) ; 6- % ;
21
/?
. /; % (;
5-1 *+ 9 Z 73
1@ ) % ; (
!,
Z 8
7 3 .Z 8C ) (a
5
D
$ Z+ /a
,
( .1 (
$
' ,5: ,5$ ,0 9 1
Z
7, D
.(
,B
2 ,% 1
$ , Z
+$ ; (? ) `,
C (a
/ ) V?. 7C & ,
$
)
& 6 % ; % *a
)! );. -C ,( .
B ,); >
(.
& (32 % ; #.C $ ) (32 %&
& % ;
.(121:2008,0) /-1
% ; %& .
)
-1 73
) 7 , (.
( -1 (
/
8, ! ;
3, ! E;.
)-1 8&+ % ; *+ C Hansen (2011:249) &a
&
$ (
>.
*, )
,
& ,6C 5-1 ,
9 )
1a
% ;
H., (11 Z.! .5@&
% >. ,
V
; $. % ; ! :Intrinsic Incentive ()- -) *!$ % ; •
$. % ; ! :Extrinsic Incentive () )$ ) *!$ : % ; •
(.
& (
? + ! ,
8 (2
?
. -1
$
*+ % ; ! :SelfKEfficiency Incentive ( + (?;& % ; •
, ,( & ( ' (
$C (
( ; 5/
; . >.
.Z'
)-1 8- ) C
= =
) ;. G' (-1 ($ ! 6
)$ C - (-?; ( c ) (: 8;& = = 2 5-1 D
:V .2
(.
5-1 ; / 6
/.@ (
Earley and Ang (2003:30) 7
C D
;
2 ) (-1 ,( -1 . -
( -1
- (
$
( -1 >. / 1
(
(2011:19)
$ &+
; /$
/; ) ( ; & (
.0C ( ..C 5$ ( /;. 5
$
;
( ..- ( 3C >. (
` ,5-1 ' 7C
1
6 ,5-1 7
(F (
$ - ( . 5-
)
$C
5-1 7
) ? 7C ,5
,
& ; ( -1 (
(
@ +/ ,( ' 5 ,
& ) (;
5-1 ) 53;C
2
8%$ ; D
$
(-1 / Z &9 `
;. ; (
)..C - /
8%$& (
(
!, 1& #1,
'
+! ,(? )-1
.(Mazur,2010:7)
%& &
+! , & (/ 5-1 7
G'9 D
(-1 /, 53 (
3,
.C
+! % & 5
>.
2 .(;
( -1 7
( (
.(;
5
$
(2
( -1 -
:uL" .3
D
; . ?
&' )>; : )>; & F ; 3 ( 3 !
./-1 D
)& 6C 5-1 ,
24
Z
73
7
(.
5$C
(
$
) (.
/ Z+
73
2
, C #
- )>; : )>; Z F -
.(
C ,C )
$C ; ) % 5%
! & )>; : )>;
.)
$C ; ) ( (.
*+ , ! )-1 8&+ ) ) Z &
+
%& (
% ; :/.
.C - !%&
(;
, ) /> )-1 8&+ Z+
D
+!
,( & 53 / Z
,( .!+ 53 /.4 .C - )
5
) C Z %& ,(
$C /
) G'
.
C
:)! 5
$
`1 ) Z 7 . &
1
,(? & ( -1 - .
( >; : ( >; 5 & ) (.
- .1
.(.
, $ (
@
, -1 (
?
5
&
.
)-1 +
) (.
- .2
G'C D
; ) (
(.
/ ) )& ZC *+ G'C @ ($ .
- (
(F
/.9 -
5.&
( >; : 5 & ,5-1 7
.(Gillivary,2006:12) /!
a] (4D2)
&C
4 ) &4 ,8&+ (
!;
*C &4 /;
2.
,H
+! . + 8
>. 5/$ 7C *4 &4 /;
5.
!
) 7 ) ( - 5-
(
$
., *4 &4 >.
Z./
5;
/ (
(
V?.& >. C E , C . ( - 5-
/ %
( ;. (
5
G? 8 ) >.
= , $. ,
- .@ *4 &4 (2004:82) ) '
7 3
. ,5&'
(
) 5F1 , 5&'
04 (
&4 (2013:18)
&+
/
/;
) 5C E > - ,5& 5;
4 5 , ) 3
:)! (
/ ?- E
$ /., C &4 .
./
.
(? & , •
.
9 5
>.
&4 , •
.
$.C - + C - C &4 , •
F
=> }
(
>.
4
4 8
D
$
&
53 ) / / ,*4 &4 (
($ ) /$
-
.
.
53 ) (.
D (
(.
(? 5 + C )@ C +! ,6C 5
>.
!%
) (
>.
7
: . 9 6& ?; &
;. 53 ) ,(
?
.*
, , ( >. & 3 ? + $
! (2 *4 &4
$ 8)' $ (
.@") 7
& /
/;
(1 V. .!
=.
=! - , 5&'
(&'
D3 =
?
& / &C (:
.")
$C - > (
3 + & ,
27
(5D2)
,/
/-1 /, 7@
C . (;
5$ &4 53 7
&
) ( &4 5- (C ,Z ) ? Z
C
)! ,( 4
$
) (
, $ ,>.
,)
2 8 /&
A & A., - /.@ ( &4 5- (2010:18) Z
7
;, ' $ > ,*4 &4 53 5. ) 5 C
&; 8 7- ) *4 &4 53 & 1
.( (C ,(.
,(32) ( C C /1 / )
28
:d .1
, &9
& A. ; 3 "/.@ (32 (2013:20)
7
/
/.@ (32 (
!, - &
& , ;
1, 5+ & @ $
B3 $ ,
5&'
) 0C Z
/.& *4 &4 53
)
H
; /
- ) &9
- #+! 0 3 &
.&9
.(.
& ) ! 5
&
& A. & - )! :(Ideational Fluency) ] d .2
(.
&C
& 8 - )! , ,
73
) (2
&C
.( 19:2010,Z
)
73
, (&'
( .
% )
.
73
. (
/;
( F
& ) /. (/ ( &9 (:
: .2
29
-
$ /
, 73
-.C ( .!+ ( F ; 3 )!
D
7 & - 3 )! (.
,5&'
7/ (.
5$ 82
,(/$
(
/ -
( %
$ ( %
-.C ,$
73
5 F
0& /. .
,
73
,
(&'
/
>. ) ( .!+ (/$
) -
A ; 9 ( ; &
,).!+
$
, )-
/.
2
. 5-1 *
C 2.
+! , D
; Z
./.
(2
(&'
/
%$.C E / D
.
,73
/2 ( ($ ; . /> ) (.
)! :[L •
,H.
)
.
. (? )
.C 5$C
G' )2
,73
, &'
(.
5$ A. - )! , .(18:2003,) )
(.
% ` , $ ; 5$C % D
H. 5$C Z
.( ?-
30
:NR .3
: . $ &@ 4 &9 ) $ , $ A. - )!
(;
(9 + G'9 7 ,D?' 7@
C ). (9 ,(@
(9 ) /
0 .(21:2013,
) (
>.
) $ /
(? ) 7 &
K:)
%
) &9
.( (3
F &; ) $ •
.( (
C , ('! 1
, (; 2 & ) (2 •
)C ) /.
& 7 /. > (.
(32
8 ) (C >.
K:
.(32 !%
)
& = ' ! #&, , &
G' ;. 'C (C .2
.(.
!%
+! ,C ;
&
;. ' ,(.
31
2 )
/.& (-2
(; 5 /.9 *4 &4 53 !,
(9
$
dV (6D2)
,( '
)
9
) 53 )
9 5
>.
>
9 + ;. %!$ ; #+! & ` , 53 ) ='. 1&C
C !
(
$ B
$ Z+ ,/.
(2
/
%$.
) /$. $.C
./.
. $.C C -
. %$.C - /
32
" " (7D2)
V " :RQ
(? ) ( &4 5- &4 /;
7 ( 5!
3,
` (75) ( 5-2 ,((
>. ? ,( -C ,D $' ) 5 F
,/ (. (75) D % ` ,9 ) ( . 5&' ) &4 2 `
(? / )
'
4 3
& ( $' G $ ( V?. 5/>,
,
(? ) (
>. ? $ E;. ,& $ &, -
.
$
)
6 ( &4 5- 2
(?
!C ( V?. 5,
.(
>.
K" R
" UhN ""} |V
":"
*+ (a
8 3 *4 &4 1, 7 ( 5!
) (8
,
.
,( 5
,(
)
(a
(15) ( 5-2 .?%$ ) 7 2 ( C ) (2
F 5a
5a
,5a
(9)
5.& ) (2
5a
,
$
5
3 )
4
(. (598) D % ` ,5a
(6)
5.& ) F
33
&' (a
8 *4 & )$ , 1@ $ ( V?. 5/>,
5, .( 8
,
.
,( 5
,(
) (C
(a
(
) *4 &4 (
! &@ /
! 5
(
$
(
,
1C
2 (a
.& ,
!
0 3 ) &;
.( .; 5/
.$
( &4 5- (
.
" :
U
V U] :$V
(2010,u") "K
` , ) 6. . ) (
*.& (&' ) D . 2 3 )
(62)
,(1
(&' 6
( &4 5- (
. /3 ) = = .
( 5, .(
8;& (
! (-
(
(1
(&'
34
0
*
. )
$C <
3 )-1 8&+ 7 ( 5!
<
,2
3 )-1 8&+ 6
( V?. 5/> .5
D
$
(& ( V!.
,( V?. 5 ,2
D- )
$C
<
" V
L
" $ F R
5-2 .)-1 8&+ *' 8&+ (3 H. ( 2 7 ( 5!
.( (
3 (8) %
(67)
(.&
(. (
Z
2 /
*' 8&+ ( ; & 5- Z
( V?. 5/>,
8&+ *' 8&+ 5 ) ( 5, .)-1 8&+ 5 3
$V
(3) , .2
(7) ,
(26) , D
1
(38) ( 5-2
.( (2
5
D
$ ) (-
(.4 ,.&
(2) ,&
,
) 1
) ( -1 5C / &'
/$ 1
( V?. 5/>,
L e
$" ~ c
V :$V
(2013,U
) "K
,(32)5.
) ( &C 5- B-
V
. ( 7 ( 5!
. 2K 39 (
$K (
$ .; ( & (2 6 (5&'
( ,(C ,(.
.(2
(%50)1
(2 =2 (41)
(.&
( ?' (. ( 5-2
(2 6
,( &4 5- B-
V
. ( ( V?. 5/>,
V?. 5, .(5&'
( ,(C ,(.
,(32) (1
( &4 5- )
//
/3 2 '. 5 V
*&4 &;
(2
.( &4
36
R " :Q
( 5-2 , 2 ` 3 ) ( (9 ,(.
,(32 )
53
(. 5
3 ,(. (106) H% ` )
(&' ) 2 `
5/>, .
(71)
(.&
( .1 (
$
,/' `1
&4
%
G', ! *4 &4 53
+
@ ( V?.
)
6 *4 &4 53 2 )
!C ( V?. 5, .&'
5-2 , C D
7 & )-1 8&+ (3 7 ( 5!
8&+ 5
>.
( 5 ,7 & )-1 8&+ ($
. C D
7 & - ) ? 2 *+ )-1
decision making
(.&
(. ( 5-2 ,- (. ) )-1 8&+ 1, 7 ( 5!
D
$ ) (.4 ` ,(;
(68)
.& ) ( - &
(555)
5a
) - (. ) )-1 8&+ & 1, $ ( V?. 5/> .5
*
C )-1 8- A
.C ( V?. 5, ,(
5
>.
,
organizational practice
(32)
= (151)
(.&
( ?' (. ( 5-2 ,(
>.
9 5
9 5
(
>.
& )>; Z
!C ( V?. 5, ,(
>.
.= -1 .
38
8
,(
,% ;) 5.
) # )-1 8&+ 1 7 ( 5!
(;
5-1 *+ D (
) 5
7>
(Z ,(
,(;
( (72)
( &
C
5 C ) ;>
(2050) ( 5-2 ,(;
7>
8 # D
$ )-1 8&+ '
)$ 1@ Z.! ( V?. 5/>
V?. 5, . 5
- ) )-1 8&+ Z
*+ 5
7>
,5
.
3 D
$ # 1@ )-1 8&+ `, 5
(
,(
,% ;) 5.
) # 1@ )-1 8&+ (
! 7 ( 5!
( 5
( V?. 5, ,
8 $ )-1 8&+ '
. ;>
- (a
& ) )-1 8&+
39
Z
;'
) ;>
8 )-1 8&+ 1, 7 ( 5!
,;'
) 7>
(280) ( 5-2 ,( ( (&
) 7?2 ) % %
( 5, , ;>
8 '
1@ )-1 8&+ ( V?. 5/>,
)-1 8&+ $ &' /- 2 )-1 8&+
#.C
.(
/
( 4
,( &
9
5 C ) (
(88)
?' !
2 (880) (
5..C
2 ( $ ( V?. 5, .((9 ,(.
,(32)
.
40
8
,(
,Z) 5.
) # )-1 8&+ 1 7 ( 5!
.?% D
)
Z / $ ;>
% ; 5&'
!
8&+ ) 5 (3 K (1 K /> (- 5 ($
,( .$ (? ) 5-2 )-1 8&+ 5. ) 5 >
` ,9 ) )-1
52
9 ) 5
(-2.
) $. 0
.; /-- ) ($ !
` PN]
(
-
(1K3)
( ( $/.
(2K3)
/. ( D
$
(3K3)
5
( 5, (5K3)
( 5 F
(6K3)
(
( ?4 ($
(7K3)
(1D3)
,( V/.
: ` ( 8$ ) (-2
( $/.
; +! ) (1 5.
,/$+
. ( 5 F
,/. ( D
$
,5
./1 (
V/.
(1 5@$ /
5
( ( 2
=32.
0
. ) 5-1 *
*4 &4 53 ) )-1 8&+ 1@
.C ) 5
(-2.
) $.
) $. (
. ) 5-1 *
.; 4
(?
( D
$
&
,()&.
& . ,Z.
. ,5
. ,% & . ) 5
(-2.
(1D3) P
" b
43 5
. 2
32 Z.
. 3
137 )&.
& . 4
254 g
(2D3) P
1 10
9 11
2 2 12
1 .& 13
2 14
1 . % . 15
3 . 16
1 .! 17
1 . 18
4 19
1 Z
. 20
1 &% 21
2 Z ' ( /
$ 22
1 23
3 F 24
9 . & 25
1 F 26
10 . 27
13 C 28
2 .2 29
254 H
$
89 ( D
$
D
$ (; (C ( - (- 2 ( (. 3
,(%
5.4
(%70) .
&' (140) /.
,(. (200) D %
(. (19) /.
)?4 / 6
5.C G
45
(%60.5) (. (. (121) )?4 (
( 5.C )
$
(3D3) P
30 3 33 34 43 ! 2
23 2 25 32 32 ! 3
u
47 13 60 92 137 ! 4
"
121 19 140 200 254 g
(. 9 ( F
5 F
(8K3) (7K3) (6K3) (5K3) (4K3) $ <
0
. )
5. ,)
6
,); > %&
,
,0.$) (
.($.
.
,&+
! ( (. ,
(%66.1) , (4K3) $ < +
+! ) &+
/
>
($ . #+! ' ` .`.4
! (%33.9)
(4D3) P
[
" [] h
(%)
66.1 80 &+
33.9 41 `.
100 121 g
,
(%41.3) , (3K3) $ ) (
V?. 5. -
F
! ( (.
,
(%7.4) , (. (39 30)
!
, B
! ( (. ,
! ( (.
.
C )2
' (?
/
>
47
(5D3) P
[
" [] h
(%)
41.3 50 (. 29 – (. 20 V
51.2 62 (. 39 K (. 30
7.4 9 (. 49 –(. 40
K K 1&@ (. 50
100 121 g
(%70.2) , - (6K3) $ <
!
& ); > %&
F
2
. .;
! ( (.
(%29.8) , 4
! ( (. ,
(6D3) P
[
" [] h
(%)
70.2 85 *
]_ I
29.8 36 ).
100 121 g
48
($ (
! ( (.
(%38.8) , 3@ (
( .1 /' (
$
0 & /' (
9 (. , V?. 5.
& / )
$
5 5/' (
( (. , (. 5F (%45.5)
/3 ).
,(
5!a
>
($ . #+! ' ` .(%0.8)
.(.
7> / 5
+
2
6
/?@ 8-C
(7D3) P
[
" [] h
(%)
14.9 18 3@ ( .1
LV e "
38.8 47
45.5 55 0 &
0.8 1 5
100 121 g
$ (
V?. 5/>, - $. 0
. )
5. F
(.
) /
5. B
! ( (. ,
(%49.6) .
, (8K3)
B
! ( (. ,
(%30.6) , 5. (5) $. 0
.
! ( (. ,
( ?
(. )
$ , .(%18.2)
49
.
D
$ -
(?
(1
.; 5
(8D3) P
! PV " h H" " F bI M\
[
" [] h
(%)
49.6 60
5. 5 !
PV "
30.6 37 5. 10K6
18.2 22 (. 15K11
1.7 2 1&@ (.16
100 121 g
:
! 5
D
$ ,
(1 5@$ ,( 7!, -
5+ (;
D$
(- 5 H2C ($
5
:
,( .$9 /.
( (
$ ? 5
& '.
,( H
(3
.( H
(-
5..C (&' (
( .&C D3
(
& ,
(- 5 (1
( .1 5. H2C 52 )
5$
+, Z+& 5 (& ) (
(
2 09
.( . (
!, ($ & 5+, ` ,Five Likert Scale )
5& 0 -
.(SPSS V.21) )?4 V
. E:9
.($. 0
. )
5. ,)
6
,); > D3
,
,0.$)
,(
,% ;) )! (11 =.
)-1 8&+ ).1 8%$
:
I
,(32))! (11 5.
) *4 &4 53 `1 8%$
:` I
UJ
!] R !] R !] UJ
!]
R P[
Five )
5& 0 -
- (30)
)9 /&' (( ,) (.4 5.& +/
.Likert Scale
.Z ,(
,% ; :( 9
)-1 8&+ , :(-
5 F
.1
,(.
,(32 :( 9
*4 &4 53 , :( 5 F
.2
.(C
(
$C ( ?4 (
% (1 5@$ / ( (? ($
G? ( )
0 - 5'a
7/ ( ?
. 5& .1
.= :
(.
./ F
(.
, ($ 6
( 52
.2
.
0 -
51 ($
&@ ;, X.&
.3
2 (.-
(.4 5- ( .
- Z+ (. T .4
.);
.(-
5 F
D F
(-
5 F
(
$
1,
- Z+
.4 .6
.
/2 (.
, 5$ ($ 0 - *
7.4 .7
.)
:( (
2.33
3, K1
(;.
(
!9
3.66
3, 2.33
(2
(
!9
1&@ 3.66
(;
(
!9
a
" U !N (8D3)
+, (7)
5;@
&
(
$
(.C E :T_ !N •
3
&
8
,
9 )
( (? / 8
8 ) 7+
%
8$
&
8 ($C 5
3 (1)
3
<
& ( ?/. ) C A Z+ (
-
5-
.(2)
: 0 -
) $
(?9 & 1
5$ ) . 6
=
, &' ( ..4 ( 4 ( - 2 ( . ) (Alpha ≥ 0.60)
.( #+/
(9D3) P
(]
)
"R V
#
L !" R
PV
54
]
] F h
X.& 5'a
., & *4 &4 5- (0.851) ., & )-1 8&+
/-
51
(
( , D
#, Cronbach Alpha ;,
.(Sekaran & Bougie, 2010: 184) =- ( E:, -
55
b
PN]
\]
PL c[
(
-
(1K4)
(1D4)
5 F
( (. , ($C )?4 V?. E ; +! 7!
52
/$4 ( ( ?4 5'a
E
/ 5
)
; .
& ( . (
!9 ( 5 F
& (
5.C (
./.
& ( ( ?4 5CC ( 5
$#
!
:RQ
52
(1 5@$ 9 ) 5
(-2.
) $. 0
. )
& -; (
!, -; ( .
- "t" )? 4 (
5.4 (
) 5
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) )-1 8&+ % ; (-
5
)& 2
(4.041K3.601) F
+/ ( 52
5 ` ,9
9 (
) 58$ + .9 ) 5
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) )-1
-; 5
(0.799) [ *
7. (3.827) [ ) 2
(
(
"
(
$C 53 (
. $.C 4
"
57
.(0.907) *
7.
)
- 0&
! -; 9 ) 5
(-2.
) $. 0
. )
) $. 0
. ) )-1 8&+ % ; 6
( (. , >. 5/$
+ ( 52
3 )
- = , $ ' ,9 ) 5
(-2.
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) )-1 8&+ % ; (.&
5 (
&' .5-; D
$ (0.05)
3, (C 5
(& 5.& ` ,9 ) 5
9 ) 5
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) )-1 8&+ % ; 6
,
.=;
& ( (. >. (/$
(
(1D4) P
!
I] e " t V R
" "
$#
H Sig* "t" "
R
e " T
e " " K
I]
T# U
"
R
V
]
U
58
14.31 D
; 4 -
(;
1 0.000 0.799 4.041 1
9 .= -1 ;
C
D $' 4 -
12.69
(;
3 0.000 0.752 3.867 52F D
2
1
.(.
(/
D
4 -
15.08
(;
2 0.000 0.741 4.016 ;
C 3
1
.)-1
D $' 4 -
(2
4 0.000 7.912 0.850 3.611 D
` 4
./
KR
" "
0.810 3.827 I] V V
)-1
.(3) "ة وا#$% &' ا*)("ا+,- ا.د إ0(,*1 و23( اt) ب
)
5& 0 -
(3.794) #-
)& 2
(4.380 K 3.600) F
59
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) )-1 8&+ (
D;
6
' *+
D
- (
>.C /;" - 9 (
) 58$ + .9 ) 5
5
& ).
3 7" -; 5
(0.536) [ *
7. (3.794)
.(0.889)*
7. (3.794) [ )& ) 2
)
- 0&
! -; 9 ) 5
(-2.
) $. 0
. )
) $. 0
. ) )-1 8&+ (
6
( (. , >. 5/$
+ ( 52
3 )
- = , $ ' ,9 ) 5
(-2.
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) )-1 8&+ (
(.&
5 (
&' .5-; D
$ (0.05)
3, (C 5
(& 5.& ` 9 ) 5
9 ) 5
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) &)#8آء ا7
( ا6
,
.=;
& ( (. >. (/$
(
60
(2D4) P
H Sig*
e " "t" KR "
T e "
V
T#
" V
"
U] R
- (
>.C C /;
(;
1 0.000 28.309 0.536 4.380 ;
D
6
.= -1
5
& ).
3 C 7
(2
5 0.000 7.460 0.889 3.600 7
.6C 5F
V KR
" "
0.753 3.794
V V
)
5& 0 -
(3.565) #-
)& 2
(3.826 K 3.206) F
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) )-1 8&+ Z 2
6
' *+
D
. (
?
5 . `" - 9 (
) 58$ + .9 ) 5
.(0.982) *
7. (3.565) [ )& ) 2
.,
)
- 0&
! -; 9 ) 5
(-2.
) $. 0
. )
) $. 0
. ) )-1 8&+ Z 6
( (. , >. 5/$
+ ( 52
3 )
- = , $ ' ,9 ) 5
(-2.
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) )-1 8&+ Z (.&
5 (
&' .5-; D
$ (0.05)
3, (C 5
(& 5.& ` 9 ) 5
62
9 ) 5
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) )-1 8&+ Z 6
,
.=2
& ( (. >. (/$
(
(3D4) P
H R
Sig*
e " T "t" K "
e "
uL"
T# U V
"
"
R
]
U
(
- ; Z
(2
3 0.000 8.883 0.858 3.619 11
.6C 5-1 )>; Z
( ? C ( ?
C (F ; /;
(2
4 0.000 7.939 0.744 3.380 13
.= -1 ;
C Z
C Z D
; 7 &
(;
2 0.000 14.121 0.618 3.793 14
.(;
5-1
(
?
5 . ; `
(;
1 0.000 10.198 0.891 3.826 15
.6C 5-1 D
.
$#
!
:Q
) 5
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) (*4 &4 53 (, ,*4
52
5 ` .9 ) 5
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) *4
5& 0 -
(3.742) #-
)& 2
(3.843 K3.512) F
+/ (
$. 0
. ) *4 &4 53 (32 D;
6
' *+ )
) 2
, ! (3.843) [ ) 2
"
&'
(
.(0.696) *
7. (3.742) [ )& ) 2
0&
! -; 9 ) 5
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) *4 &4
3, (C 5
(& 5.& ` ,9 ) 5
(-2.
) $. 0
&
>. (/$
(
9 ) 5
(-2.
) $. 0
.=;
65
(4D4) P
d e " t V R
" "
$#
!
"
H Sig* "t" R
e "
T e " " K
d
T#
"
U] R
V
V KR
" "
0.681 3.742
d V
66
52
5 ` ,9 ) 5
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) *4
5& 0 -
(3.690) #-
)& 2
(4.049 K 3.190) F
+/ (
$. 0
. ) *4 &4 53 (.
D;
6
' *+ )
. ) , F ) C" -; 5
(0.603) [ *
7. (3.690)
2
., ! (3.190) ) 2
9 (
(
"@2 .@ D.3
.(0.906) *
7. (3.690) [ )& )
- 0&
! -; 9 ) 5
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) *4
0
. ) *4 &4 53 (.
6
( (. , >. 5/$ )
52
3 )
- = , $ ' .9 ) 5
(-2.
) $.
) $. 0
. ) *4 &4 53 (.
(.&
5 ( (.
,5-; D
$ (0.05)
3, (C 5
(& 5.& ` 9 ) 5
(-2.
67
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) *4 &4 53 (.
6
, &'
.=;
& ( (. >. (/$
(
9 ) 5
(5D4) P
e " t V R
" "
$#
!
H Sig*
e " "t" KR "
T e "
T#
" V
"
U] R
*, (
; /
(;
3 0.000 9.827 0.974 3.818 22
..
; 7
/ , F ) C
(2
5 0.000 7.257 0.906 3.190 23
.@2 .@ H.3C
.
KR
" "
0.834 3.690
V V
68
52
5 ` ,9 ) 5
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) *4
5& 0 -
(3.638) #-
)& 2
(4.025 K 3.190) F
+/ (
$. 0
. ) *4 &4 53 (9 2
6
' *+ )
"$
@ )
, %$.," - 9 (
) 58$ + ,9 ) 5
(-2.
)
(
"
58$ &
'" -; 5
(0.749) [ *
.(1.127) *
7. ,(3.638)
- 0&
! -; 9 ) 5
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) *4
0
. ) *4 &4 53 (, 6
( (. , >. 5/$ )
52
3 )
- = , $ ' ,9 ) 5
(-2.
) $.
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) *4 &4 53 (9 (.&
5
&' ,5-; D
$ (0.05)
3, (C 5
(& 5.& ` 9 ) 5
69
5
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) *4 &4 53 (, 6
,
.=2
&
>. (/$
(
9 )
(6D4) P
N e " t V R
" "
$#
!
H Sig*
e " "t" KR "
T e "
N
T#
" V
"
U] R
HL"
mF ] I
V] 1 0.000 14.972 0.749 4.025 26
.
$F R V
" 4 0.000 7.257 0.891 3.347 27
.dJ P
$ PL
R VJ
" 5 0.000 4.282 1.127 3.190 28
.PV
""
]
V] 3 0.000 12.250 0.638 3.710 U
i 30
.PVL
V KR
" "
0.773 3.638
N# V
" \
(3D4)
&@ + .4 54 5. (
8
$,
Z+ 54
| Multicollinearity (-
5 F
2 $
F
& Tolerance B
(VIF) Variance Inflation Factor
.(10) (
- (VIF) B
%$
D
( 5 F
.(0.05)
&, Tolerance B
(
3 & ,
| Normal Distribution ) 2 D % 5. H
= , &@
84
(
3 5.& + ) 2 D % D 5. + Skewness 84
(7-4) ول
"! ار ا وا ا
ح و ا
اء
F
,
)2 $ (7K4) $ ) V?.
<
,1.494) (F ()-1 8&+ Z )-1 8&+ (
)-1 8&+ % ;) (1
B
3 , <
& .(10) - ) ) (1.461 ,1.820
71
='a
+! (0.05)
&, )! (0.669 K0.549) 5 (Tolerance)
.(1)
3, - 5.& ` (Skewness) 8C
|
5. -
F
, )2 $
&@ -
= @
.(
" \
(4D4)
5
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) *4 &4 53 ) ()-1 8&+ Z
) *4 &4 53 ) ()-1 8&+ Z ,)-1 8&+ (
,)-1 8&+ % ;)
(8D4) P
SV
V R PL
c[
$#
!
I]
$
(
ك/
0.000 4.762 0.399 آء1ا 120
ع-ا
23)4ا
(α ≤ 0.05) 6
. ( ? (C + 1@ & *
) 5
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) *4 &4 53 ) ()-1 8&+
#@ )-1 8&+ ( ? (C *+ 1@ $ )?4 V?. 5/>, + ,9
) $. 0
. ) *4 &4 53 ) ()-1 8&+ Z ,)-1 8&+ % ;)
, ,(α ≤ 0.05) 6
. (0.661) R 2C
[ + 9 ) 5
(-2.
73
) ($ % , ). +! .)-1 8&+ Z (0.399) )-1 8&+ % ;
% *a ()-1 8&+ Z ,)-1 8&+ % ;) #@ )-1 8&+
!4 6
(
- 9 ) 5
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) *4 &4 53 )
F (
3 1@ +! ( .
&a ,)-1 8&+ Z (0.399) )-1 8&+ % ; (0.410)
:
) ()-1 8&+ Z ,)-1 8&+ % ;) )-1 8&+ 9 ( ? (C *+ 1@ $
(C 6
. 9 ) 5
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) *4 &4 53
.(α ≤ 0.05)
:)
& ( 5 (11 ( ? ( ;
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) *4 &4 53 (32 ) ()-1 8&+ Z
&4 53 (32 ) ()-1 8&+ Z ,)-1 8&+ (
,)-1 8&+ % ;)
$ <
!
& 9 ) 5
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) *4
.(9K4)
(9D4) P
d
SV
V R PL
c[
$#
!
% ;
0.001 3.407 0.333 8&+ 3
D
$
)-1
d
(
0.322 0.995 0.108 0.000 117 )3 13.016 0.250 0.500
8&+
)-1
Z
0.100 1.658 0.160 8&+ 120 H
$
)-1
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) *4 &4 53 (32 ) ()-1 8&+ Z
5
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) *4 &4 53 (32 ) )-1 8&+
R2
, .(α ≤ 0.05) 6
. (0.500) R 2C
[ + 9 )
!4 6
) ($ % , ). +! (0.333) β 1@ ($ (
3 5F
&
$. 0
. ) *4 &4 53 (32 ) % *a )-1 8&+ % ;
(
F (
3 1@ +! ( .
&a ,(0.333) (
- 9 ) 5
(-2.
)
: G.
*4 &4 53 (32 ) )-1 8&+ % ; ( ? (C *+ 1@ $
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) *4 &4 53 (.
) ()-1 8&+ Z
$ <
!
& 9 ) 5
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) *4
.(10K4)
(10D4) P
SV
V R PL
c[
$#
!
% ;
0.018 2.408 0.232 8&+ 3
D
$
)-1
K (
0.104 K1.638 0.000 117 )3 14.810 0.275 0.525
0.174 8&+
)-1
Z
0.000 5.173 0.492 8&+ 120 H
$
)-1
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) *4 &4 53 (.
) ()-1 8&+ Z
(0.275)
3
, *, (0.275) [ - R2
, .(α ≤ 0.05) 6
) 5
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) *4 &4 53 (.
) 5 F
& ()-1 8&+ Z ,)-1 8&+ % ;) #@ )-1 8&+ ) F V. 9
+! ,)-1 8&+ Z (0.492) )-1 8&+ % ; (0.232) β 1@ ($ (
3 5F
$. 0
. ) *4 &4 53 (.
) % *a ()-1 8&+ Z
E ( .1 ( ; ( ; 3 ( &a +! ,(α ≤ 0.05) 6
()-1 8&+ Z ,)-1 8&+ % ;) )-1 8&+ 9 ( ? (C *+ 1@ $
. 9 ) 5
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) *4 &4 53 (.
)
78
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) *4 &4 53 (, ) ()-1 8&+ Z
&4 53 (, ) ()-1 8&+ Z ,)-1 8&+ (
,)-1 8&+ % ;)
$ <
!
& 9 ) 5
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) *4
.(11K4)
(11D4) P
N
SV
V R PL
c[
$#
!
9$:
G1
0.000 4.093 0.382 آء7ا 3
H<3ا
&)#8ا
N
)";<
0.963 0.046 0.005 آء7ا 0.000 117 &ا-ا 18.052 0.316 0.536
&)#8ا
ك-%,
0.003 3.082 0.285 آء7ا 120 ع-3ا
&)#8ا
79
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) *4 &4 53 (, ) ()-1 8&+ Z
. ) *4 &4 53 (, ) ()-1 8&+ Z ,)-1 8&+ % ;) #@
6
. (0.563) R 2C
[ + 9 ) 5
(-2.
) $. 0
5 F
(0.316)
3
, *, (0.316) [ - R2
, ,(α ≤ 0.05)
V. 9 ) 5
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) *4 &4 53 (, )
(
3 5F
& ()-1 8&+ Z ,)-1 8&+ % ;) #@ )-1 8&+ ) F
, ). +! ,)-1 8&+ Z (0.285) )-1 8&+ % ; (0.382) β 1@ ($
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) *4 &4 53 (, ) % *a ()-1
&a ,)-1 8&+ Z (0.285) )-1 8&+ % ; (0.382) (
- 9 ) 5
(( ;) (
( ; E (11 ( ; ( ; 3 ( &a +!
) ()-1 8&+ Z ,)-1 8&+ % ;) )-1 8&+ 9 ( ? (C *+ 1@ $
. 9 ) 5
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) *4 &4 53 (,
80
PN]
(
-
(1K5)
V?. (2K5)
5$.4 (3K5)
5 (4K5)
81
(1D5)
) 5
(-2.
) $. 0
.; )
( : ( V?. 5/>, .1
( :C 5.&
,(%66.1) /. 5F ` &+
! C
); > D3
,(% 51.2) /. 5F ` ,((. 39K30)
(
(?;
,(% 29.8) .;
(. ,(% 70.2) C
(. 5.&
5) .&
( : @ $. 0
. )
5.
,= ,(%45.5)
>. (/$
)-1 8&+ % ; 6
) H; Z.! ( V?. 5/>, .2
Kanten, ) ( D
; ($ . #+! ,(3.827) ) 2
(
3 5F + ,
.(2014
,
>. (/$
)-1 8&+ (
6
) H; Z.! V?. 5/>,
& .3
5F + ,
>. (/$
=2
& )-1 8&+ Z 6
V?. 5/>, .4
(/$
=;
& *4 &4 5- (32 6
( V?. 5. .5
>. (/$
=;
& *4 &4 5- (.
6
V?. 5.
& .6
,
>. (/$
=2
& *4 &4 5- (C 6
V?. 5. .7
&4 53 ) ()-1 8&+ Z ,)-1 8&+ % ;) )-1 8&+ 9 ( ?
5
(-2.
) $. 0
. ) *4 &4 53 (32 ) )-1 8&+
) *4 &4 53 (, ) ()-1 8&+ Z ,)-1 8&+ % ;) )-1 8&+
.#2 >.
1
[
! > %
. ). +!
. D
( ) & 19 ( -1 5 , .2
&
Z+ D
7 & 3 5%
& )-1 8&+
D
& .3
5
>.
D
$ 2. +! ( >; 5
G (
>.
/
..; /.
9
/.
( 69 5-1
;
$ !
& -. ) )-1 8&+ .5
(
1
%C (
/ A.4 . # 53 ) !
& -
.! :...( a
& /
& D
; % & &' )-1 8&+ / .6
.5
84
5
>.
D
5; 5&' )
(-1 8&+ D
*+ .; &
.7
7
( $ 7
- )-1 8&+ *+
3 % .8
.
&' $ /2 ( &C /3 (
. - +! ( - 2
.69 5-1 D
7 &
/ .&
4 1&,
G )-1 8&+ .9
N (4D5)
(
. ) = ,
6 )-1 8&+ % ; 4
&@ .1
./.
` / $'
(
$C 53
.
/ $'
% ; ( .
/.
(
(;
% - .2
-
7 (2'.
-
,
6 )-1 8&+ (
2 .3
.(;
( -1 5-
.)>;
85
.
4 ; 1 ( $ (- 2 /. BC ( + /2.
2 5&'
- & /
) ,/. )..C )
$C ;
.( &
2 /;
#@ )-1 8&+ ( - 2 ( >. 5
%
8$ .7
.(
, ( 5& )
` ,(
>. (-1 2 .; 5
.$
&
! $ ($ Z.! .8
.!% % 2-
( ; 5-1 D
EC
86
b [
V b :RQ
# b :Q
87
V b :RQ
.&; :
,22 ,g
!]
T.(2004)
) ,$ .3
8C ( ( :)-1 8&+ *' 8&+ (3" .(2011) , $ .4
%.& :
,12 ,
g
UG .(2006) .
% ,* 02 ,$ .5
,) .6
.
,0
' (
$ ,$ ( & ,`
. ,
(
$ ,('.
: $
(),"eDV J
,('.
: $
() ,K" R
" UhN ""} |V
.?%$ ,7 2 (
$
.8; :
,12 ,U[ U .(2003) B;
,) .10
? :
,12 , "I R
" .(2004)
( / ,0 .12
.'.
.D %
) ( .
( :&4
(? 5 F
(3".(2004) B ,) , % ,'
.14
.94K83G ,(2)19$
," `
L } L , "( .C ( . 5&' E
89
R b :Q
thinking and creation capability: A case study on pupils using e-books, The
McGraw-Hill.
12. Livermore, D. (2009). Leading with cultural intelligence: the new secret to
15. Nafei, W.A. (2012). The impact of cultural intelligence on employee job
people from other cultures, (1st Ed.), U.S.A: Congress Publication Data.
17. Richard, d. (2007). Building cultural intelligence, (1st Ed.), U.S.A: Prentice
Hall, Inc.
18. Sekaran, U. & Bougie, R. (2010). Research methods for business: a skill
building approach, (5th Ed.), U.S.A: John Wily and Sons, Inc.
19. Stening, B.W. (2006). Cultural intelligence: put in (high) on the Asian
14(2), 74-84.
20. Thomas, D.C. & Inkson, k.E. (2004). Cultural intelligence: people skills
21. Thomas, DC. & Inkson, kE. (2009). Cultural intelligence: living and
for leading in a rapidly globalize world, (2nd Ed.), San Francisco, Pfeiffer.
23. Wang, C.W. & Horng, R.Y. (2002). The effects of creative problem solving
publishers.
92
!d [
"
"
[ :R
(
") " U :Q
$#
!]L m
" H :Q
93
(1) !L
R K H"
"
"
[
(2) !L
(
") " U
`
"G
... /
.... /
.. ( 2 (
")
" . ( (1 *$
52
C
& Z+ ,"($R
!
2 (1 5
3 ,Z+ $,
.29 ' (
$
9 ) $
($
Z+ (
( & /- ($4 & &. $, + ,( (.
,( - /.
- ) 5$C
,- &
.
&
) () ' D
.)
` E:9 C
Greetings…
1K Gender: :0.$ K1
Male Female 1. &+
2K Age: :
K2
20K29 30K39 39K30 29K20
40K49 50 years More 1&@ (. 50 49K40
:u_ a b !]
[d OLF UJG b\
different
opinion for
them to take
advantage of
it.
23 Change in &) " ا*)"ادRF 23
<20? TFرأ
individuals bSD1 ن-)";F
when they .D_Z
know that their
opinion is
wrong.
24 Individuals ( ا*)"ادTF 24
\," اR(1
interested in )("ةG1 J;ا
working \ "ىZوا
.]-ا
methods
change from
time to time
depending on
the situation.
25 Individuals ا*)"ادT$F 25
"YS تTIو
understand لGF"Z*ا
the views of , %EPا
H< ن-#$(Fو
others about
.%`*رأي ا
the problem,
and agree
with the
majority
opinion.
:u_ a b !]
[d OLF UJG b\ D
103
27 Individuals G? ا*)"اد2;(F 27
J &) "ارE(ا
away from .تXEPا
iteration to
solve
problems.
28 Individuals
C ' 28
feel bored of 58$ &
repeating .
actions.
29 Individual has - C Z
29
the ability to
104
(3)!L
$#
!]L m
" H