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Numerical and
experimental analysis of
the tilt angle’s effects on
Abdulmunem R.
1 the characteristics of the https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2021.04.014
Science Direct , 2021
Abdulmunem
melting process of PCM-
based as PV cell’s
backside heat sink

Performance P.Michael Joseph Stalin,

improvement of solar PV Kosuri Saidurga Prasad,
Kuntumuri Pavan Kumar,
2 through the thermal https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.09.111
Science Direct, 2021 Gunduboina Hemadri,
management using a Mekala Rajesh, Konduru
nano-PCM Praveen Kumar

Comparison of prediction
Ali H.A. Al-Waelia, K.
methods of PV/T
Sopiana, Hussein A.
nanofluid and nano-PCM
Kazemb, Jabar H.
system using a measured https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2018.01.026
3 Science Direct, 2018 Yousifb, Miqdam T.
dataset and artificial
Chaichanc, Adnan
neural network
Ibrahima, Sohif Mata,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.r
Mohd Hafidz Ruslan
enene.2021.04.014
 Terindex Jenis Paper
Nama Jurnal Abstrak
Scopus? (riset/review)

Changes in the tilt angle technically affect the amount of solar radiation reaching
the surface of panels. Specific to PV/PCM system, where PCM is employed as
passive cooling methods for the PV cells, these changes could affect the melting
performance of the PCM and subsequently the overall performance of the PV
cells. This novel study presents a numerical and experimental analysis to access
the effect of tilt angle on the characteristics of the melting process of PCM-based
as heat sink inside the PV cells backside rectangular container and its potential
used for thermal management of the PV cells. While numerous literature on the
Renewable
Ya numerical modeling of this system focused their attention on the vertical angle, Paper riset
Energy four different tilt angles (0_x0001_, 30_x0001_, 60_x0001_, and 90_x0001_) are
considered in this study. Excellent agreement was seen between the results
obtained from experiments and numerical simulations. The results show that as
the tilt-angle of PV/PCM system increases from 0_x0001_ to 90_x0001_, the
melting process time of PCM decreases which leads to decrease in overall PV
cell temperature from 0.4% to 12%. In conclusion, PCM shows minimal cooling
performance at a lower tilt angle due to the role of natural convection heat
transfer inside PCM container which acts as a passive cooling mechanism.

Solar energy conversion to electricity is gaining popularity as the cost of solar

energy continues to decline as a result of government policy choices supporting
green energy. However, the panel’s efficiency is noteworthy, consistently
hovering around 15%. Due to the direct sun rays, the surface temperature of the
photovoltaic panel varies substantially during the day, which has a major effect on
its performance. Thus, effective thermal management of the photovoltaic panel is
essential to maximize the panel’s efficiency. The purpose of this work was to
Materials increase the efficiency of solar photovoltaic panels by appropriately controlling the
Today: Ya absorbed thermal radiation through the use of a Nano-Phase Change Material Paper riset
Proceedings (nano-PCM). Nano-PCM was produced by diffusing nano-CuO particles at a
minimum volume percent inside a paraffin matrix (1.0 vol%). During the
experimentation, two PV panels with a similar capacity (30 Watts) and design
were employed. The first panel was employed without alteration, while the second
panel was combined with the nano-PCM for thermal management. Both PV
panels were examined between 8:00 a.m. and 5:00p.m. on clear sun days. The
results indicated that the integration of nano-PCM resulted in a considerable
reduction in panel surface temperature and an increase in electrical efficiency.

In this paper, a Photovoltaic/Thermal (PV/T) system was proposed, built and

tested. Three various types of cooling were proposed: tank filled with water and
water flows through the cooling pipes, tank filled with PCM and water flows
through the cooling pipes, and tank filled with PCM/nano-SiC and nanofluid
(water-SiC) flows through the cooling pipes. The three proposed systems results
were compared with conventional PV. According to the results, it was found that
Solar Energy Ya nano-PCM and nanofluid improved the electrical current from 3.69 A to 4.04, and Paper riset
the electrical efficiency from 8.07% to 13.32%, compared with conventional PV. In
addition, three Artificial Neural Network (ANN), MLP, SOFM and SVM methods
were implemented using the experimental results. The results indicate that the
output of the network is in good agreement with the experimental results and
published works.
 Jenis engine
Aspek yang dikaji Metoda Kesimpulan
(bensin/diesel)

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan meningkatnya sudut

Pengaruh sudut tilt
Numerical kemiringan sistem PV/PCM dari 0 menjadi 90 derajat, maka waktu proses
terhadap waktu peleburan PCM menurun, yang menyebabkan penurunan suhu sel PV
and
peleburan dan - secara keseluruhan dari 0,4% menjadi 12%. Kesimpulannya, PCM
experiment menunjukkan kinerja pendinginan yang minimal pada sudut kemiringan
temperatur panel
al yang lebih rendah karena peran perpindahan panas konveksi alami di
surya dalam wadah PCM yang bertindak sebagai mekanisme pendinginan pasif.

Efek penggunaan The above results established that nano-PCM comprising paraffin wax with
nao partikel dan 1.0 vol% of CuO nanoparticles is a viable agent for managing the
experiment temperature of a solar photovoltaic panel at low temperatures, and thereby
PVM terhadap - improving the performance of the PV panel. In future, the work can further
al study
temperatur dan be expanded to examine the performance of the PV panels in different
kinerja panel surya climatic conditions with the help of nano-PCMs.

A number of contributions are achieved in this paper. The first contribution

Prediksi performans of this paper involves both theoretical and practical aspects of solar energy
panel surya, yang production and cooling. The second contribution presents a novel design
dilengkapi dengan configuration for a hybrid PV/T system, using nanofluid and nano-phase
change material, and evaluates its performance using suitable
PCM dan nano Experiment
- mathematical techniques. Besides, three neural models are designed and
material, dengan study deployed in order to simulate and predict the behaviour of the real PV/T
mebggunakan model. Also, the neural models give the ability to forecast the real results in
metoda Artidical future for any time, which will help to expect and manage the power
production. Three PV/T systems have been proposed and implemented to
Neural Network investigate the effect of the cooling method on PV power and efficiency.
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