A comparative study of online and offline mode of management education PJAEE, 17 (7) (2020)

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ONLINE AND OFFLINE

MODE OF MANAGEMENT EDUCATION

Dr. Harish B. Bapat, Professor, Medi-Caps University, Indore, India.

Ms. Snehal Y. Hole, Assistant Professor, Sanjivani College of Engineering Department of
MBA, Kopargaon, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India.

Dr. Harish B. Bapat, Ms. Snehal Y. Hole, A comparative study of

online and offline mode of management education -Palarch’s Journal
Of Archaeology Of Egypt/Egyptology 17(7), ISSN 1567-214x

Abstract

World is confronting an exceptionally testing circumstance during the spread of pandemic

because of Covid 19 Virus. Numerous nations have declared lockdown as a proportion of
counteraction. During this time the scholarly world needs to move from customary method of
talk conveyance to the online mode. This paper tries to contemplate the nature of scholarly
conveyance through online mode when contrasted with conventional actual study hall mode.
Studies have exhibited that course association and structure, learning responsibility,
understudy commitment, and instructor vicinity have spoken to huge difference in understudy
fulfillment and insights in web based learning climate. Viewpoints on different instruments of
understudy commitment that are established in exemplary dynamic learning teaching
methods and improved with new advancements are loathed in this paper. No investigation to
date has tried the mediational relationship distinguished. This examination developed the
current writing about E-learning and the similar investigation of customary to internet
learning and encouraging dependent on SERVQUAL model (V.Zeithaml, A. Parasuraman
and L.Berry ; 1988). The scientist explored the relationship among course
structure/association, correspondence, responsibility, and instructor nearness on understudies'
fulfillment and discernment. This examination likewise uncovers the hole in nature of

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learning and educating through on the web and disconnected mode. The consequences of this
examination were proposed to recommend understudies' maintenance and improving the
nature of web based teaching and learning.
Keywords: E-Learning, Online courses, Pandemic, Covid 19, SERVQUAL, Quality.
Introduction
Students’ commitment isn't just tested in conventional up close and
personal study halls (Physical Classrooms) but also in online courses.
Online academic delivery faces challenges as strategies for empowering
students’ communication and cooperation among themselves and staffs
vary significantly. The proficient use of resources in online course is a test
for all the partakers. Concerning worldwide settings (St.Amant, 2007),
educators' ability and readiness to train online inculcated in social and
geographical analogies (Meloncon, 2007), and the requirement for
drenching planned online instructors in the very condition into which they
are required to educate (Cook, 2007). The quantity of students undertaking
online courses across the nations has been expanding, with online
instruction leading conventional mode (alluded to as "eye to eye") (Kelly,
2015). An estimated 7.1 million students are undergoing online class at
any point of time (Allen and Sailor, 2014). However, this information has
not been affirmed. Regardless, a great deal of research is based upon to
develop content and communication for online education and even
supplement to physical class rooms or other conventional methods of
instructing learning (Jaggers and Bailey, 2010). Online instruction is one
of the critical marvels in contemporary higher education.Blumenstyk
(2015) stresses that "Customized learning, the vast majority of which
happens on the web, is a developing rapidly in the higher education". Extra
endeavors are expected to thoroughly analyze the general benefits of
different methods of conveyance in training as opposed to any of them as
unacceptable. There is a need to develop a helpful perspective for the
online guidance as opposed to discussing constraints or difficulties that
cripple improvement for online instructing learning procedures
(Muilenburg and Zane;2007).
While potential issues in online teaching have been specifically
categorized, there is a need to alter concerns against the potential

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advantages of online or web based instructions. Web based instructions

can improve and smoothen communication among staff and students.it
iscost effective and easy to use; and has flexibility, solace, and
accessibility by both time and place. Moreover, new platforms are
available to students for open and fundamental online discussions without
feeling frightened. The advancement also extends open doors for educators
by allowing the recording and posting of their own instructions as
legitimately available online materials (Bartley and Golek, 2004; and
Shank and Sitze, 2004;Palloff and Pratt, 2007). moreover, Degago and
Kaino (2015), Turner, Westwood, Matuszewski, and Wilson (2001), and
Stevens (2015) revealed the opportunities of online education for
communication through conversation sheets as compared to inactive
classroom learning.
The nature of online instructions in contrast with its conventional eye to
eye partner is the most basic issue that impacts the structure and
advancement of an online course (Haugen, LaBarre, and Melrose, 2001).
A few of the key segments in online courses are the plan of instructional
material for the substance conveyance, students’ appraisal of material,
conversation, duration of delivery and students dissatisfaction. In any case,
this paper adds a significant thing to the context to online education
delivery to Business Management students.
Literature review
An investigation by Parasuram A, Zelthaml V.A. what's more, Berry L.L
(1990), delineated that, over 64% of the disappointment is a result of
apparent lack of interest to their issues by administration associations.
Christopher and Ballntyne (1991) uncovered that it is the relationship
advertising that brings quality, client care and deal. Earthy colored and
Swartz (1989) definite that predictable conveyance and client assistance is
simply the way to specialist organization to situate themselves in the
psyches of the intended interest groups. Internet instructing has its
criticizers, Rivulets (1997) is coldhearted in saying that "the assistance for
intelligent web based learning styles is much more defenseless than many
may presume it is… ". notwithstanding the insights may have changed
during ongoing past, there may be a distracted negative thoughts about

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online guidelines (Heines;2005).Shank and Sitze (2004) express that

Online adapting needs actual confirmations, has development and access
hindrances, and favors the people who confer regular conveyance.
Scarcely any saw there is a generous worries for Online instruction
(Roberts and Hai-Jew 2009; Michaels and Williams, 2013; Gallant, 2015).
A critical thought is that 'online courses are either fair in quality or are not
basically indistinguishable from eye to eye courses for understudies'
learning' (Sussman and Dutter, 2013). Be that as it may, this assumption
has not been authoritatively illustrated. The examination will advance the
significance of internet educating when contrasted with the customary
homeroom method of conveyance (Jaggers and Bailey, 2010). Additional
undertakings are required to altogether examine the general advantages of
various techniques for guidance conveyance when contrasted with
denoting any of moderated or over meant. There is a need to make the help
for online instruction conveyance as opposed to zeroing in a lot on the
difficulties presented by it (Muhlenberg and Zane, 2007).
To make and encourage arrangement of Online teaching, an exploration
dependent on difficulties and open doors for online schooling is essential.
Individuals' view about Online teaching and learning will be obscure -
without knowing the purposes behind their decisions (Mann, 2000; Shank
and Sitze, 2004; Lan, and Cooper, 2006; Palloff and Pratt, 2007; Bergman
and Sams, 2012; Blumenstyk, 2015). To fathom thoughts relevant to web
educating, this assessment proposes a structure to take a gander at the
assessment of internet preparing. We will probably explore both expected
central focuses and disadvantages of Online instructing as seen by
specialists through an effective and coordinated technique
While possible issues in internet teaching have been generally recorded E-
instructing and learning stage is a particularly open entryway itself and
partakers to collaborate and make savvy learning nature which makes
important data (Aquiler-Barchet, 2012; Harasim, 2012). Extraordinary
ability of ICT based learning and necessity for new scholarly framework
get disparaged ( Bender, 2011; Aceto , 2013; Fullan and Langworthy,
2014). While all things considered positive norm in the field of e-learning
incorporates new informational association, discussion on it makes too.

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From the viewpoint of Nienga and Fourie (2010), e-learning and ICT in
high level training are overestimated, and its ampleness asks essential
assessment. Chen and Fang (2013) elucidate the irregularity between
progression of the learning advancements and genuine use of them in
enlightening settings. Bergman and Sams (2012) note that there are a
couple of focal points to internet training and pointed that the way that
"flipping" the actual homeroom to online guidelines "ensures understudies
get redone guidance uniquely crafted to their individual necessities" (p.
6).Objectives
The researcher has zero in on the following objectives for this study.
• To investigate in to the applicability of SERQUAL dimension in online
(ONLIN) and offline (OFLIN) modes of Management Education delivery.
• To measure the perception of Studentsforonline (ONLIN) and offline
(OFLIN) modes of Management Education delivery.
• To compare the perception of studentsfor online (ONLIN) and offline
(OFLIN) modes of Education delivery.
Research Methodology
Research Design
This researchwill investigate in to the components of
SERVQUAL.The validity and reliability check resulted in to applicability
of model to the subject and the validity of the instrument. The hypotheses
are framed in order to compare the perceptions. The mean scores are taken
in order to measure the predominance of a particular mode on any
dimension of SERVQUAL.For the sake of this study we are considering a
real time online (Internet) mode of education delivery
(Lecture/Instruction) as ONLIN and the conventional physical classroom
way of delivery (Lecture/Instruction) as OFLIN. These are applied to both
the modes, online mode of education delivery(ONLIN) and Offline mode
of education delivery(OFLIN).
Operationalization
A research instrument with some additional dimensions of
SERVQUAL has been framed and it is devised to capture the variables
and used as a construct. The concept has been put to the study in this way.

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The theoretical background and a pretested instrument have been used

with some modification to adopt according to requirements of this study.
On the basis of theoretical understanding the researcher has operationalize
the concept.
Variables and Scale
It has five dimensions of SERVQUAL -
1. Tangibility 2.Reliability 3.Responsiveness 4.Assurance 5.Empathy
The research instrument has various items in each dimension and
measured on a five-point Likert’sScale from strongly agree to strongly
disagree.
These findings don't undermine the estimation of Zeithaml, Parasuraman,
and Berry's accomplishment in recognizing a portion of the key basic
builds in qualityperception; however they do feature the challenges of
estimating customers’ perceived quality. Anne Smith takes note of that
most of analysts utilizing SERVQUAL have precluded from, added to, or
changed the rundown of explanations implying to gauge perceived quality.
Subsequently, two factors (Accessibility and Cost) are included. A pilot
test is conducted. It is planned and updated to keep away from the
methodical mistakes.
Sampling Plan and Data Collection
Populace included Existing understudies of business Management
encountering web based getting the hang of during the lockdown of Covid
Pandemic and they had before encountered the actual homeroom learning
for at any rate most recent one year in Management Education Institute.70
tests were gathered.
The pre tried organized instrument for assortment of information. The
study is led considering the way that during the Covid 19 Pandemic
lockdown. The poll is utilized on the grounds that they have things
intended to evoke the data on the exploration interest and they have
convention for recording the reactions. To stay away from mercy,
seriousness, focal inclination and corona mistake (positive and negative
questions).A brief introduction of the investigation is given in any case
and demography is intentionally set finally, to keep up the eagerness of the

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respondents. Review was made and acquainted with respondents in an

orderly manner with likert scale.

Analysis & Interpretation

(Validity & Reliability)
The pilot study was conducted and checked for internal consistency and
reliability through chronbach alpha test and the obtained scores found to
be more than .6 hence high consistencies is concluded.
Objective-1: To study the applicability of SERQUAL dimension in
Online (ONLIN) and Offline (OFLIN) mode of Management Education
delivery
To check for the quality of the information Chronbach's alpha method was
utilized and its worth was seen as increasingly at that point (.6) for all
seven factors (Table-1) and which shows the scale is valid and reliable.

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Table-1: Reliability Statistics (Cranach’s Alpha)

Objective-2: To analyze the perception of students ofOnline and Offline

mode of Management Education delivery in terms of service quality.

Tangibility: The investigation clarifies the Z test with a degree of

centrality of .05. It clarifies the connection between the free factors. In the
current case the table shows that the p=.022 esteem at α= .05 which is
exceptionally critical; from this worth we can conclude that the nature of
OFLIN and ONLIN as far as Tangibility are unique.
Reliability: The examination clarifies the Z test count with a degree of
significance of .001. Z test investigation here clarifies the correlation
between the autonomous factors. In the current case the table shows that
the p=.020 at α= .001 which is exceptionally Significant; from this we can
conclude that the service quality of OFLIN and ONLIN as far as
Reliability are different.
Responsiveness: Similarly for p=.024 at α= .05 which is profoundly
critical; from this we can derive that the quality of OFLIN and ONLIN as
far as Responsiveness are unique. The Null hypothesis stands not
accepted.

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Assurance: The examination for affirmation p=.001at α= .05 which is

exceptionally noteworthy; from this worth we can induce that the quality
of OFLIN and ONLIN as far as Assurance are different.
Table-2: IndependentSample Tests

Empathy: p=.02 esteem at α= .05 which is exceptionally high; from this

we can conclude that the service quality of OFLIN and ONLIN as far as
Empathy are different. The Null Hypothesis stands not accepted.
Accessibility: Further examination clarifies the Z test analysis with a
degree of significance .001. Z test examination here tells us the nature of
relation between the factors under observation. In the current case the table
shows that the p=.000 at α= .001 which is highly significant; from this

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analysis we conclude that the quality of OFLIN and ONLIN regarding

Accessibility are different.
Cost: Further investigation clarifies the Z test estimation at.05. Z test
investigation here indicates the correlation between the two modes in
context to common factors. In the current case the table shows that the
p=.005 at α= .05; from this we can conclude that the service quality of
OFLIN and ONLIN as far as cost is concern are different. The Null
hypothesis is not accepted.
Objective-3:To compare the perception of students for Online and Offline
mode of Management Education delivery in terms of service quality
The investigator has analyzed the service quality based on SERQUAL
model and included two additional factors (Accessibility and Cost). The
researcher has interpreted on the basis of Z-test estimations. The mean
estimation for the two modes of instructing has been considered. The
outcome is appeared in following table.
Table-3: Group Statistics

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Conclusion
The researcher has discovered that OFLINleadsONLIN on Tangibility
(1.9229>1.5029), Responsiveness (2.2800>1.4257), Reliability
(2.5427>1.9971), Assurance (2.3514>1.6829) and Empathy
(2.3971>1.8000) and ONLINleadsOFLIN onCost(2.2400>1.5343) and
Accessibility (2.3914>1.4171).
Limitations and Scope
The extent of the current investigation is constrained to the city of Indore
and encompassing territory on account of the accessibility of the assets. To
examine the SERVQUAL, existing students of management institutes
under investigation are thought of. Individual interests of clients are not
contemplated. Usage and practices of the associations contrast from
establishment to organization and in this way the outcome may shift. This
is a pioneering study on this theme subsequently restricted up to the
fundamental domain.
Further Areas of Research
There stays a degree and scope for additional exploration right now
information. It tends to be reached out to local, national level and to other
expertly oversaw associations. New factors can be created considering
different parts of administration quality. Further research should be
possible by building up a reasonable model to test the commitment of
every factor on subordinate factors. In short, it tends to be recommended
that replication of this investigation on randomly selected organization can
be made.Additionally further investigation should be possible to recognize
the inherent traits of the online education to plan the syllabus and train the
facilitators accordingly.
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Corresponding author: [Dr. Harish B. Bapat]

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Contact email: prof.harishbapat@gmail.com

Biographical Notes
Dr. Harish B. Bapat (Director Academics & and Corporate
Communications, Vindhya Group, Indore)
He is a dual post-graduate in Management and Law From the prestigious
Devi Ahilya University, Indore (M.P.).He has done full time residential
FDP from Indian Institute of Management (Indore). He did his Ph.D. in
Management from IMS,DAVV,Indore(M.P.) The topic of his Doctoral
research was “A Study of Marketing Practices in Professional Education”
He is currently Director(Academics) & Head(Corporate Communications)
at Vindhya Group of Institutes. Prior to joining Vindhya he taught at
various technical and management education institutes. He had also
worked as HOD (Management Programs) at Wigan& Leigh College U.K.
(Indore Campus).He has a vast teaching experience and his teaching and
research interests are in Marketing, Business Law, IPR’s, and Operations
Management etc.He has authored various case studies and research papers
on diversified topics. His case study ‘Fresh Revolution’ based on Reliance
Fresh has received special mention at IIMC. Another case study developed
by him is on Tata’s Nano which was selected for presentation at
Welingkar institute of Management, Mumbai it was among top four case
studies selected from all over India. He has conducted several workshops
and faculty development programs at various prestigious management
Institutes.

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