64 Name: Tamayo, Hannan Beene A- Date Performed: av. !4, 2071 Program/Year/Section: BS mts 34 Date Submitted: Woy. (gan) Group Number: or Experiment No. 10 BILIRUBIN OBJECTIVES 1. To measure the bilirubin concentration from the patient's sample. 2. To know how bilirubin is formed. 3. To recognize the significance of the test. INTRODUCTION A frequently used assay for assessment of the excretory function of the liver is the measurement of the serum bilirubin concentration. Bilirubin is derived from the iron-containing heme portion of hemoglobin which is released from the breakdown of RBCs. Bilirubin complexed to albumin, called unconjugated bilirubin, is transported to the liver, where it is processed into conjugated bilirubin by the liver cells. In this form, bilirubin enters the bile fluid for transport to the small intestine. In the small intestine, most of the conjugated bilirubin is converted to urobilinogen. The total serum bilirubin determination measures both direct (conjugated) and indirect (unconjugated) bilirubin. The total serum bilirubin is the sum of the direct and indirect bilirubin levels. Many drugs such as antibiotics, sulfonamides, allopurinol, diuretics, barbiturates, steroids and oral contraceptives, can influence test results to show an elevated serum bilirubin. Serum bilirubin may be decreased in patients with iron-deficiency anemia and in those taking penicillin or large amounts of salicylates. PRINCIPLE Direct bilirubin reacts with diazotized sulfanilic acid in alkaline medium to form a blue colored complex. Total bilirubin is determined in the presence of caffeine, which releases albumin bound, by the reaction with diazotized sulfanilic acid. MATERIALS / EQUIPMENT / REAGENTS Test tubes Reagent 1 : sulfanilic acid, HCI Test tube rack Reagent 2 : sodium nitrite Test tube brush Reagent 3 : caffeine sodium benzoate Test tube holder Reagent 4 : tartrate, sodium hydroxide Wire gauze Sodium chloride Pipettor Distilled waterCOMPUTATION QUESTIONS lain how bilir« 1 epee w bilubin, Phaupeetatalge deh en fe dase etimal Gil they Age fen pga Mies Sone deer Partha Ouet ne Plieeda fired sac ae bles A ee 6 bid on nm binds Nb Fel Tees weet te Pia n 2 iat euver ta 68 eae ae es Jongible gor the maintenant, of, the blood “Tek absorb ed blast bee bre rd Si oe wees UeCtubin rarsper ase IN the | ¥italoin: Bon wgored Badu hen be ie fat deca ate viortiow and, en i trp So untg jen Gt eglons Arpund S6%s OF a n A ded by int liked om ne Hen dl ert a bee Paes ‘iment st bilan resp aati Fr “a4 be aon bests. ee hy aalenenaic ic cietiohen abdut 20", cf the Sabi fl reabsorbed thy WV he iver, whore Noubes See Tris sul sae nts texan! ¥ ea doctor ca alee liver aa bleed ream: some OF ik w recycled for tomato tk a small am git bsequantly purer oKidited ih tp ymbilin and elimilaled nth, ving, Erninie RPGs mogh Ke ‘ | faniinclua, ound whch Ste Aedes IPSC BM me Rajhent fate er be Jeu diac, What is the clinical ea atss of the test? pitirubin i Ss esenlons blood. whee blood eh an Murubn tah © dso ted peeses in Vhe bi lich i tegih a net aie hes ey Nan ag Line Grey tin ade ia egemin a un Mi Mi ock; aun day See oeel Indy Ne tes & mn Tee can eal in cua rng Ae WC a ek Beesruene . What are the eae HE BSR pera ee ved 3 Tonga sdehete al ia tua Sef meus tn Ps alge ay pies co OF ake te sin ie a a Ene 4 sAnples, 5 ut a alain nas ap geMn ic i ate ke ne dae a val Onl pale re ina ah st pc ree ist pened, e Fetalohn tinubin c to. rl nae ‘ye oF vi chon | teal ct Meas is oe Pah BE 0a Pe ciremel posonous blueuror aes i a “tp re kets ; untom a " tabileus. Bs bilindbik t a ihe i a t i 5 a, ae Re i Olt rai at ue rec} bilirubin 1S Fhus. g oe as as ge 2 = 3 Test 5 eft of of heme conten {yon farses that Nl tron ante yarn f tk 1 A hi intial cae of 9k, | ate ids ge posal Dali ah HS read Feces che | PAPC halP of ie ePat find tp cy Lesser ey Len Une poe forts, Yalow ae et blac’ the bretikagan Ge him we i) sensing Te Mee del ls and pe iid rely (En aa) eat bry thedid Gus he | Bled Marrow prvelucas qbottt SO o Bi Gar A) i ths ‘gl oot fre i inet ovelsi | a al toh wd ; leiaet Chr pease! ie ute. Protea: Quribin | epi n sand ae ao ae ain 9, pay Wotan dey dau is ae ree Pe a rae ca sae telapyrine jergh" TeAChon ote k 6 ae Urahin fhe east a slp viata i aa wre capbon, bri bed whe ia hs ons Bn et ap fur ou i facks div on fe eH? jn ik Ken oO “an ae ‘al snpk a ee hl ty a eo tn gr) beers os oe by ys ‘; ne wed ing he tata tok pura eae tp Ne ‘ae (a Raat fe pa es ry tar) ee ee ina aay Th “ean neon mela nt qn yan ch NE fe li bye i me Aa ila een rhe rate sitet i ‘ge Hough wre ig an a Level of hep resi ie ne i SS ese a eye dork a bur loe?y \ cay 90 ape wr ‘ont excgeted Wags ia pac Re Feo pilin wee 0 iah tre cleat Pen i sig el CU feu Radhien pel aa Chaleat Selee jal , a enh pel Botdr mle» Jomaye.tlomah Bectwos M wane: ae ad 70 Date Submitted: Nov. 65, 102) Rating: Group No. LABORATORY REPORT Experiment No. 10_ epi) ATEGORY EXCELLENT ° (5 pts) con FAIR NEEDS Pts) (pe IMPROVEMENT A ” (0 (en One required dalum is) Several data are Al Tamed a an ae ing missing are missing. performed etc) are present, Drawings! Clear, accurate Drawings/diagrams Drawings/diagrams are | Needed Diagrams drawings diagrams | are included and are _| included but lack drawings/diagrams: are included and labeled accurately. important labels. are missing. make the experiment | easier to understand. | They are labeled neatly and I accuratel _ Observation | Observations and Many observations ‘Some observations No observation and Analysis | data are complete | made, may not be well | made, but lacking in| was made. and totally accurate. | organized or significant detail complete. Tables or other data presentations are incomplete. Questions The questions tobe | The ‘questions to be The questions to be “The questions to answered during the | answered during the | answered during the _| be answered report are clearly report are identified, | report are partially during the report identified and stated. | but are stated ina identified, and are are erroneous or somewhat unclear stated in a somewhat irrelevant. manner. unclear manner. Conclusion | Presents alogical | Presents some Presents an illogical __| No conclusion was explanation for explanation for explanation for findings | included in the fieuings. Describes | findings and address | and does not address _| report any errors found in| few questions. Makes | any of the questions the experiment. some connections to | suggested in the Discusses what was | whet is being studied | introduction, Contains learned in the in class. some explanation of experiment and why lab was makes connections performed, but does to the topics being not make connections studied in class. to what is being studied in class. Participation | Used time wellin the | Used time pretty well. | Did the experiments | Participation was room and focused | Stayed focused on the | but did not appear very | minimal or student attention on the experiment most of the | interested. Focus was | was hostile about experiment. time. lost on several occasions. participating. Comments: Satisfactory Rating: 85%