HP. Epwouncm, B, H. Kanyran, 9. B. Kopanon, H. H. Kyzewos CY OBbIE YCTAHOBKH - OUMCTKU HE®TECOJIEPKALIMX BO] Merogbi 4 cxeMbI O4HCTKH, ycTpoiicrso u 3Kcna1yaTaqHsa OneccaBBK 39.459 YK: 629.5.064:628.3 C892 Peyensext: raaBHBit uHoKenep Y«pPHAHMea, x, 7. H., Andunozenmos B. B. Astopst: Epmouxun Huxonaii Peopeuesuy — x. T. 4., npodeccop Kanyeun Bradumup Huxonaesuy — k.¥. ., 2OUHT Koprwios Joyapd Bacuavesuy ~ wikenep-Mexannx | paspama Kynewoe Heope Hukonaegus — x. T. 1, HOUCHT Pexomesmosano B Ka¥ectBe yHeGHoro H cnpasoaHoro nOcoGuA YueHEIM Coserom Llextpa noarororkn u arrectayuu mascoctasa OneccKolt wanHo- HanbHOH Mopckoi akanemuH Ho HanpasmeHuio “CyqoBoxneHHe M HepreTHKa cynos” Munuctepcrsa o6pazonanua 4 Hayxu Ykpaunei ana cynoBEX MexXaHH KOB H KypcaHToR MOpCKHX y4e6HBIx sanenennti. [lpoToKon Ne 7 of 26.08.2003. Epmomknu H. I., Kanyrun B. H., Kopunaos 2. B., Kysemon H. A. C892 Cynonse yeranosKn ouncrKu HedtecomepaKaMMX BOR. MeToas 1 exempt O4MCTKH, yerpolicto HM aKcnayatanun: YueGu. noco6ue. — Onecca: denixc. - 44 orp. B yseGnom noco6un ocpemenut Merons O¥NCTKM cyAOBEIX HEd- TECOREPRAMLMX BOD, PACCMOTPEHbI OCHOBHBIC THI! COBPEMEHHEIX yc- TaHOBOK H TeXHOMOFHYECKHe CXEMB OOpaoTKH UM OMCTKH, NPHME- HACMBIe Ha CYMAX, a TAIOKE PEKOMEHAALHH MO HX 9KCMUTyATAKMH H TeX- HHYecKOMY OGcay2xKMBaHHIO. Tipusenensi tpeSonanua MexayHaponuol Konsenunu MAPIIOJ 73/78 no OCBMAeTeNbCTBOBAHMIO CYHOBBIX YCTAHOBOK H COOTBETCT- Bylouleh ROKYMeHTaLMH, © Epmourkun H.T., Kanyrun B. H., Kopunuos 9. B., Kynemon H. H., 2004 BBEJEHHE Hexontposmpyemoe norpe6neHve npupoaHBix pecypcos, Heperysmpyemiii cOpoc oTxon08 BbIsBanM HeoOpaTHMEle npolecch! B Guochepe, HMeloulMe KaTacTpo- cbuvecknit xapaxrep. = C uenbto peryauposanna 4 ycTpaHeHHs HeraTHBHBIX MOCHeACTBHH, BbI3BaH- HbIX 3arpa3HeHHeM OKpyKaloMleH cpenbi, ObINH NpHHATE! H paTHdHiMpoRAaHbI MeakayHaponnete CommalleHHa, a 80 MHOFHX CrpaHax paspaoranbi Taioxe H Hauwo- HasbHBIe NporpaMMEl, NO TIpesOTBpAaleHMIO 3arpasHeHA OKpyrKaroulelt cpemBI H, B TepBylo Ouepenb, BOLOEMOR. Tak Kak Ka@KNOe CyAHO ABNACTCA HCTOYHHKOM 3arpaSHeHHA OKpyxKalowel cpenbi CTOUNBIMH BONAMH, CyXHM MyCOpOM, NHIesbIMH OTXOAaMH.K He*TeNpoAyK- ‘rami, To B 1973 r. MexkayHaponHolt mopcKoit opranu3auveli (AMO), annatomelics opranom OOH, 6biua npwnsta MexayHapoguas Konsenuua MAPIIOJI 73 no Hpengrspauienmo sarpasHenua c cygos. Monoxesua Konsenumn MAPIOJI 73 u Tporoxona 1978 r. npencrasnsior coSoH eNHHEI AOKYMeHT, KpaTKO HaSLIBaeMBIHi “Kounenuua MAPTIOJI 73/78”, nanee no texcty uMenyembili “Konpenuun”. Konsenuveii ycTaHopsteHs! mnpapossie, opranuzauMOHHble = — HOpMaTHBHO- TeXHHYeCKHe TpeGoBaHMs, HANpaBNeHHbIe Ha NpeAOTBpalleHHe 3arpasHeHHA MOPA C cyn08 M Apyrax OGbeKTOB MOpCKOi HHpactpykTypBI. Tipasuna Konsenun pacnpocrpanmorca Ha pasiMuiisie HCTOUNMKH 3arpasHe- Hui c cyn0B, KOTOpHIe H3NOKeHbI B naTH FipnoweHHax K Korpenunn. MpunoaxKenne 1 nocgameHo npenorspamjenuio 3arpa3HeHMa Hegre. Konpenuua k TepMHHy “weds” OTHOCHT: = Hedyrb B 11060m Buz; - Beg BHAGI HedrenpozyKTOB, BkTOYaR OcTaTKH HedrenponyKTOB OOpasyto~ lect NpH HX NepeBoske M XpaHeHH Ha cyHe, a TakoKe B pezymbTATe NpoueccoB o6pa6oTku M MOMTOTOBKH K HCNOMB30BaHHIO Ha opty cyAHa. Hepreconep»Kaujas cMecb — o3Ha4aeT CMeCE C 06bIM conepxKaHMeM HepTH. OcHoBHbIM BMuOM Hedpreconepxalieli CMeCH MaLUMHHBIX OT/@NHHH BCeX Cy Doe paGoTaiomiHx Ha %KHAKOM TOMBE ABAAIOTCA HE*recomepxKaLIHe BODBI. Hepreconepxaue sous (HB) — ocoGuilt BH oTxon0B, oOpasyroulniicn B Mpouecce sKcmmyaTauMM cy0BbIX MexaHH3MoB. Komnyectso HB, B OCHOBHOM, 3aBucut OF FexHM4eckOrO COCTOsHMA OGopynoRaHHA, COGMONCHHA NpaBHN TeEXHHYe- cKOH SkcIuIyaTaNHH, a HX CpeHeCyTOUHOe HakoneHHe B OCHOBHOM onperenseTca MOUHOCTIIO rlaBHore ABraTens. Konuentpauua HedpTenpogyktos B HB Kone6netca B LMpOKOM aMana3z0He: OT Aone npouenta Ao 100 % ux cozepkanna. Dhexrusyocrs oOuncTKH BO MHOFOM 3aBKCHT oT cocrasa HB w cTeneHH qHC- nepckocTa Het B Boge. Xopouto scnabiBatoT He*reNpoAYKTEL, NOTABLIME B BOAY B BUAE Kane AMaMeTpOM OT COTEIX one! MHTUMeTpa H Gonee (rpyGonucepcHoe coctoaHHe). Osvako 8 to6oK HB cogepxarca Kani Hedrenpoayktoe u 3HauUTenb- HO MeHBUIerO pasMepa (TOHKOMCMepcHoe COcTOAHHe), AHaMeTpoM MeHee | MKM. Taxoe cocToaHwe HepTeMpomykTos & BOE HasbiRaloT amysbCHeN. YacTHusi, cocTas- AAIOULME IMYSIBCHIO, HAXOAATCA B BONE BO BIBELEHHOM COCTORHHH Hi TUTOXO BCTIIEI-BalOT Ha MOBEPXHOCTS, TaK KaK CHa BCTUIBITHA MEHBINe CHM, YNCPKUBAIOLLEX HX BO B3RCIICHHOM COCTORHHM (HanpUMep, CHT KHHETHHECKOH ycToHMBOCTH, OBycnOBTEH- HBIX TEMIOBbIM — 6pOyHOBCKHM BYDKeHHEM YaCTHIL). OmysbenH O6pasylotes B TypOyNeHTHEIX MOTOKAX, NH 3HAavITENbHBIX CKOPO- TAX ABWKEHHA OKMAKOCTH B TpyGomposozax M B Mpoulecce HX nepeKaynBaHus HacocaMu, ocobeHHo YeHTpObexKHLIMH. Yaaasts 13 Boast MysbrMpoBaHHble HedTenpomykre! Topasso cnowaiee, HEM rpyGonncnepcnpie. OnHaKo, NOMHOCTEIO H36aBHTbCA OT NPHCyTCTEHA B CyA0BbIX HB SMYsIbrHPOBAHHBIX HedyrenpogyKTOR B peaNBHBIX yonOBMAX He ynaéres. Kak 1oKasa- JH WCCHEAOBAHHA, HX KOHUCHTpauMa KONeOMeETCA B AOBONbHO LIPOKHX mpeyenax aHauenni: 8 GombuMucTse cnyyaes OHA cocrasnser 20...50 ma/n (MHIP Ha OMHH JIMTp), OHAKO HHOrNa npessiuaer 100 Ma/n. 1. OCHOBHbIE TPEBOBAHHA K CY {OBbIM TEXHHYECKHM CPEACTBAM OUMCTKM HE®TECOJEPKADIAX BOX B coorsercrsvil c rpe6osanuamu [punoxenva 1 Konsenuan, kaKnoe CYRHO DOWKHO Spits ObopynoBaHo TeXHH4eCKHMH CpecTBamH oOuncTKH HB, 4TO NoATBep»xpaeTca BbINaveli THM Cyyqam MexpyHaposHOro cBHAeTeNbCTBA 0 mpegorapatijennu 3arpa3HeHua HedThio (ITpuioxenus | u 2). Konsenunei npenycmotpensi cremyioume TeXHMYeCKHe CpezCTBa AIA TipegoTBpaulenua 3arpasHenna BOAHOK cpesbI HB c cymoB: - cOopHiie TaHKH; me - HedrenozsHoe dutetpyioujee oGopymonanHe Cc ouMcTHOH cno- co6HOcTHIO 10 ypoBHa Hedreconepxanna B COpoce He Gonee 15 ma/n; _£ > ABTOMATHYECKOE YCTPOHICTRO 3aKPbITHA CHMBHEIX KMaTIaHOB, KOPN CO- ACpxavHe HEpTH B ONMUCHHOM Boze, COpacsiBaemoii 3a Gopr, mpeppiuaer 15 Mu/m. ABTOMaTH4ecKoe ycTpolicTBO 3aKpbITHA CNMBHOFO KNalaHa DOKHO BKOYaTS B CBO Coctas H3MepHTeNbHbI IpHOop ONpeszeAMOWIM KOHWeHTpa- WO HepTH B Boge. Bpema cpaOatsipanua npuOopa ompeyensetca kak BpeMs, Tpowenusee © MOMeHTa H3MeHeHHA cocTasa NpOOwI, NocTynaiouell B NpuOOp AO pervcTpallun MM 3Ha¥eHMA KOHLeHTpaUMH He*TH He AOMKHO TIpeBEIWATS 20 cex. B uenom o6opysoBaHHe BxOAMUee B COCTaB ycTaHOBOK no o4McTKe HB AOMKHO ,ObITb cMpoeKTMpoBaHo Aya aBTOMaTHYecKOH padorEt (‘*...10IDKHO Gurrh B COCTOAHUH HOpMamBHO paGoTaTs Ges HaGsONEHKA Mo MeHbUIel Mepe B Tevene 124 Yacon”), OHAKO, OGs3aTENBHO BOMKHO OBIT MpesycmMoTpeHo apapuiinde py'4Hoe.ynpasnenne. Konsenuueit onpegenena HeoOxoguMocts BbInonHeHHA Gomee »KECTKUX TpeGopaHHii 8 Oco6eix pationax: Cpeduzemnoe, Yeproe, Banmuticxoe u Kpac- Hoe Mops; pation sanugos Bauscneco Bocmoxa; Adencxuit 3a1ue; pation Anmapxmuxu u Cesepo-3anadusie Esponeiicxue eodei Ceeepnoe ope, Hp- Aandckoe mope u nodxodet K uum, Kenemcxoe mope, Axenuiickut Kanan u nodxodti, K Hemy u Yacm Cesepo-Bocmounott Amnanmuxu Ha, 3anad om Hpnanduu. Koopannatel, orpanwunpaiomme ocoGpie pationsi, mpHBezeHbl B Texcte Koxugeruuu. K oco6o uyscrenTenbubiM paliovam oTHOCATCA Bonewoi Bapvepnerii Pugs Accmpanuu u apxunenae Cabana-Kamazymu (Ceeepoe nobepericee Ky6v1)"; B ocoGo uyBCTBUTeNbHBIX palioHax cOpoc 3a Gopt HB moGoit KoHWeHTpaunn 3anpeuéH. B oco6nix paliouax paspemaetca cOpoc 3a Sopr HB TosKo mpH OAHOBpeMeHHOM COOmoeHHM CrEAyIOUWMX yoNOBHit: a) Aya cyloB BMecTUMocTIO 400 perucTpoBEIx TOHH H Gostee, a TaIoKe H3 JIbAU MalIMHO-KOTeMBHEIX OTAeeHMii TaHkepos: CyAHO 3a 12-mMusbHOH 30HOI, B ABWKCHHH, COMepkKaHHe HedTH B COpoce MeHee 15 Mu/n, Ha cyfHe B AeiicT- ” enicox nocTosHHo MONONHseTCA HOBEIMH paiioHaMM akBaTOpHK MUpoROFO OKeaHa,BUH (uAETpytoulee OGopysoBaHHe, IpHGop KOHTpOTA He@TeconepyxaHHA Ha c6poce (cHrHanusaTop C aBTOMaTHYeCKHM, MpekpawlaiouyHm cOpoc yctpoltcr- BOM) aBTOMaTHYECKOE 3anopHoe ycrpoiicrBo, oGecneyHBaroulee NpeKpawienne c6poca npx npessumenuu 15 ma/a. 6) SAA TaHKepos - 3anpemaetca c6poc HedrecogepxKauyero mM 4HCTOrO Gannacta. 8) B paione AnTapKruku 3anpemiaetca su060lt cOpoc Heibrecogepxamett cMmecn. Bue oco6nix palioxos 3anpeuaerca cOpoc B Mope HeiTecogep>Kamero 6annacta, Hedreconepxauiell CMeECH 3a HCKIOUeHHEM ChyyaeB, KOTa ODHO- BpeMeHHO COOsHOAAIOTCA CHEAYIOLMHE YCOBMA: 7a tanxepos: TaHKep Ha paccTosHuu He MeHee 50 Musb OF Gepera, Ha XOfy, MrHOBeH- Has MHTeHCUBHOCTS c6poca Gannacta He npessiwaet 30 avTpoB HedtH Ha Muu xona, oGulee KoMMYeCTBO COpomleHHoro He npesiwaer 1/30000 o6uiero KOMHYECTBA rpy3a, Ha cyqHe elicTayet CASPHYC (Cucrema Aptomatuyecko- ro 3amepa Peructpaunn u Ynpasnenus C6pocom), otctoiteili (cnontank) TaHk H npHOop KOUTpoNA pasyzena cpeg “Hedrs-Bona”. ZIna cygos BMecramoctsio 400 peructpoBsix TOHH H Gomee, a TaloKe H3 NIbAS MALWHHO-KOTEIBHBIX OTACICHUM TAHKepOB: - CyAHO 3a 12-MumbHOH 30HOM, Ha xOAy, HaNM4UHe PULTpyrolero OGopym0Ba- HHA, CoepaKanue Hern B cCOpoce mexee 15 ms/n, OA KOHTpOseM CHrHasM3a- Topa c aBTOMATHYECKHM YnpaBeHHeM KOHTposIA COpoca. YCJIOBUA CBPOCA HE®TECOJEPKALUEM CMECH H HE®TECOIEPYKAILIHX OCTATKOB TIPABHJIA CBPOCA B MOPE BOCOBBIX PAHOHAX Tpamma 12 maa Buytpenune soar 3anpeumaetca c6poc HedrecoseprKaiiero Sanitacra TaHKepoB, HedyIMHBIX OF- XO0B H He¢precomepykalilHx OCTATKOB (UTaMa). Sanpel cOpoc HedyrecomepaaLux cMeceii Boex cys10B, vedreconepiauunx ocrarkos B paiione AnrapKTukn. Paspemiaetca c6poc Hedrecogep»Kammux cMeceii (Bon) MKO Bcex cy0B Ha xony, ONMUEHHEIX Ho 15 Ma/1 no” KOHTpOneM CHT- IHAJIM3ATOPA c apromaTwuecku ynpaBnenuem KOHTponA TIPABUJIA CBPOCA B MOPE BHE MIPEJIEJIOB OCOBBIX. PAHOHOB 12 mao 50 mab Banpemaerca c6poc Hedyreconepaaluux CMeceii u HedrecomepKauUX octarkos (iam). Paspemaetca c6poc Hedreconepaumux Boy, MKO scex cyfoB Ha XOAY, O¥MMIEHHEIX 0 15Ma/1 nog KOHTponem CHPHAJIM3A- TOPA c apromaraueckHm ynpapiienvem Kouipons cOpoca, 130- aMpopanuoro Gannacta, wcToro Gamnacta.* Paspemsaetea cOpoc Hedresarpa3HeHHoro Gamiacta c raHKepo Ha XO, Yepes OTCTOH B CNON-TAHKe, NO KOHTposiem nmpHOopa paszena cpex “Hedrs-Bona”, CA3PHYCa, ne Gonee 1/30000 acero rpysa, ¢ MrHO- BeHHOM HHTeHCHBHOCTEIO He Gostee 30 nuTpoB Ha Mi- quo xona.2. METOAbI OUNCTKH HE®TECOJEPKAWUX BO Texnonoruu ounctkw HB onpezennorea npexge Bcero TpebopanHaMH, MpembABIaeMbIMH kK rny6uHe o¥NcTKU. CymlecrByromme Mexnynapogubie 4 Hauywovansupie npasHiia mpemnonaraior HalMyHe chenmanbHEIX ycrpolicTs, oGecreunsarommux o4ncrky 10 15 w 10 Mn/n (quGo KonwuecTRO MiIurpaMMoB Hedrenpoayktos Ha | 1 oGpaSoTaHHol Bogs). [na ocTHxkenws TO MH HHO rny6HHbI OUNCTKH MPHMeHAIOT pa3sIM4HBIe TEXHONOTHYECKHE CXEMBI, BKIIO- Yaloule pasHEle COcoGEI OUCTKH. Merogpt ouvncrkH HB Moryt Obith KnaccuHuMpoBaHl NO pasiM4HbIM TIpH3HakaM, OLHAKO BCe OHM OCHOBAHBI Ha TPex: UsHYeCKHii, XAMMYECKHI H 6uonoru4ecknit. HavGonpuiee pacnpoctpatenue nonysnna KiaccHuKanna No xapakrepy HicHomb3yeMEIX NPOUeccoB, OCHOBaHHEIe Ha KOMOMHAMH BHILeyKazaHHBIX MeTogos. 2.1. OM3MH4ECKHH Tpasutaunonuoe orcrausanue HanGonee mpoctnim cnocoGom OuHCTKM BOE! OT CofepxxaNMxca B Heli HedTenponyKToR ABIAETCA TpaBMTAl|MOHHOe OTCTAMBAHHe. Tpapnraudontoe otctaupane, ocHoBaHo Ha cBolicTBe 4acTHI BONTBI- BaTb Ha NOBEPXHOCTs BOgBI, ITOT MeTOA NosBoONAeT M3BIeKaTS M3 HB mpaKTH- 4eckH Bce rpyGomMcnepcHEle YacTHUb! HedTenpopyKTOB 4 O4MLUATh BOY 10 KOHUCHTpaLMH B Heli Hed@TenposyKToB okom0 100 ma/a. Tlostomy, 8 Gonburmictse ycranoBox asia ouncrKH HB » Kayecrse nep- Bo CTYNeHH OYMCTKH HCnomb3yi0TCA Cenaparopsl, paboTaiomjHe Mo npMHUANy TpaBHTawMOHHOrO pasqeeHwa cpef, MpH 3TOM HanGonee 3ipdexrusHbiM ABIIAIOTCA TOHKOCAOMHBIe OTCTOHHMKH (puc. 1). Aeiicraue tonkocnotvoro oTcToHUka OCHOBaHO Ha cTASHAM3aUHH 110- * TOKa OYHMaeMoOn BOI. TloToK oMMUyaeMOi BOAR cTaGuNusupyeTcA (craHO- BUTCA NaMHHapHbIM) 3a C4eT pa3fqeneHa ero Ha TOHKHE cyOM (Ha pue.:1 TomumHa cnos — h), IIpn aaMMHapHom ABxKeHHH MOTOKa, Npouecc oTcTaHBa- HMA yiyUUlaeTcA, Tak Kak CO3MaIOTCA ONarOMpHATHBIe YCHOBHS {NIA yBenHye- HMA pasMepoR YaCTHL HEdrenposyKTOB M MaKCHMA@JIBHO OrpakH4MBaeTCA HX TepemelluBanne C BOnOii. Yactuukn He@TenpowyKTOR BCMIBIBAIOT 10 COMPHKOCHOBGHHA C HaKsIOH- Hoi nactuHoii (yron HaknoHa — G), 34Te¢M OHH NOAHMMAIOTCA BBEpX BOOMb NlopepxHocTH mracTHupl (qimHa quractaHti ~ J) , COeCAMHAACK C APYTMMM BCIVIBIBAIOULMMM 4acTHUAaMH, ysenu4unpatoTes B pasmepe. Uem Gonbule pasmepbl 4acTuu, Tem acpdextHBHee OHM OTACNAOTCH OT BOABI, BCNEACTBME yBenudeHMA HelcTByOUeH Ha HUX BHITANKMBAIOWICH CHNBI HM, COOTBETCTBEHHO, CKOPOCTH BCIMIBITHA. : Puc, 1. Cxema tonxocaolizoro oreToknKa - Koasecuenuns B kayectBe Bropod cryneHu o4ncTkH HB B cyfoBbIx ycTaHoBKax Yale ' Bcero TMpHMeHsIOT KoamecyMpyromme onemenTeI. IIpx orcyrcrsun B HB He@TeBOAAHBIX 2MYJILCHH KOATECLIMpYIOLUMMH 3IeMeHTAaMH MOxKHO OWMCTHTS HB no snavennii Menee 15 ma/n. Sto gocTuraetes 3a CueT YKpyIIHeHAA YaCTH HedrenpoayKTor mpw mpoxoxgenun HB yepes Koanecumpyroume sneMeHTEI. Mexanu3m mpouecca 3aKmouaeTca B TOM, ¥TO HaCTHUbI HedTENpogyKTOB NpH KOHTAKTE C NOBEPXHOCTHIO KOAIECKMPY!OMero JIEMeHTA 3aKPeIIAOTCA Ha Heli M YBCIMYHBAIOTCA B pa3sMepax, COCAMHACh C APYTHMK, TAKHM %Ke O6pa30M aanepxahHbimis Vacruuamy. Yacruub! pactyT fo Tex Nop, NloKa cilia BOILIBITHA He oTopBeT yactany oT NoBepxHOCTH KoamecIMpyioulero 3memMeHTa M He NOAHMMET ee Ha OBEPXHOCTb BOBI. HanoaHurenamu Koanecympyioumx 3i1e- t MEHTOB MOFyT CA KATE: -TBepable MaTepuanbi (necoK, MomMcTHpoA); - 9ACTHYHBIE © OTKPEITHIMH Tlopamu (NomMypeTa- HoBas ry6ka, Mopos0x); ~ BOOKHHCTHIe (NOJHMNPOMHseHOBbIe BONOKHA). Ochosnbimn 9kcniyaTalMOHHbIMH xapakTepH- CTHKaMH KOaiIeCMpYIOUINX 91eMeHTOB ABIAIOTCA pecype H BO3MOxKHOCTS pereHepanun. Ha pucyx- ke 2 mpenctapnena KoHCTpyKuMA Koanecuupyio- uyero 91eMeHTa Cenapatopa Tuna GSF. Puc. 2. Koanecumpyiouat dpansrp 1 = oreroiinas nonocrs; 2 — dambrpytounit snemenr; 3 — karanan a0 cOpoca nakonmpuiuxca Hedyrenpoayxro; 4 — OTBoq OMMUIEHHOR Hons; 5 — nonson HedreconepwaMtelt poms.Ouyssraposattat HB noctynaer Ha dunbTpyiomnii s1ement 2, B KOTOPOM MpoucxoguT Koanecuenuua. Flocne sToro Boga ¢ YKpyTHeHHbIMH YacTHUAMH Hanlpapiiaetca B OTCTOMHY!O MonOcT 1. M3 BepxHeit 4acTH MosioctTH | ynansoT- ca HE@TENPOAYKTEI, a-H3 HILKHEM YACTH NOMOCTH OTBOAKTCA OUHMEHHAA BOLa. @norauna B wexotoppix TuMax cyAOBbIX ycTaHOBOK Ayia OWnMcTKH HB nenoms3yetToa norauna, ocHonaivan Wa usaqeueHun u3 HB acta Hedrenpoayxros NY3bIPbKAMH BO3AYXa, BCIVILIBAIOWIMMH Ha MOBEPXHOCTb, Scdexrusnocrs NoTaUMH 3aBHCHT, B OCHOBHOM, OT BepOATHOCTH CTONKHOBEHHI H3BNEKAeMbIX 4aCTHL C My3blIPbKaMM BOSAYXa M BEIMUYMHEI CHJIbI ANre3Hu (SIPONHOCTH MpH- AMNMAHMA YaCTHU) AeficTBylouleH K MOBepxHOCTH Ny3bIPbKOB. B CBOIO OYEpElb, 9TH cpakTopsI BO MHOTOM 3aBHCAT OT crioco6a BBeAeHHA BO3Ryxa B Boy. To STOMY MpH3Haky pasH4aroT NHeBMATHYECKyIO, HaNOpHy!O, MeXaHMuecKy!O 1 QIEKTPOXHMHY4eECKy1O oTayHH. Tneamamuuecxan gnomayus. B nvesmarayeckoi aorauMoHHoli ycta~ HOBKE My3bIpsKU BOILyxa OOpasyioTCA 3a CHET MOMAIH CKATOFO BO3MYxXa B nephopuposanubie Tpy6si, yroxenunie BAO AHA EmKocTH, JlaHHaa cxema npaMenserca B GomBLIMACTBe MIaBY YX OYMCTHLIX CTaHUHi. Hanopuaa dromayua. Cyuocts wanoproli dnotaumm 3akmouaetcsa B TOM, 4TO Ha TIEPBOM 3TaNe COsAaIOT HepeHacbneHHbI BO3AyxOM pacTBop HB, Nomejad 3aTeM ero B EMKOCTb, B KOTOPOH NOANepxKMBAcTCA NOBEILUEHHOE dapnenve. Jlanee Bona noctynaer Bo dbloTaTop, B KOTOpOM AaBNeHHe O6bI4HO. paso armocdepHomy. Tipu cHwkeHwm fapseHMa M3 BOA! BbIENAeTCA pa- crBopeHHbii B Hel BO3MYX B BH MeJIKHX NY3bIPbKOB, KOTOPMe BLIHOCAT wacTHUbt HedrenpoAyKTOB Ha noBepxHocts. Ha puic. 3 nperzcrapieHa cxema NpaMoTOuHOH HanopHol duoTayHn. Ys Seda aye; Puc. 3. Cxema npamorouno# Hanopuois dora 1 ~ nacoc; 2 ~ »oxextop; 3 — nartopnutit pesepayap; 4 — dprotarop. Tlpeumymiecrso HanopHoi dbnorauMn Mepex MHeBMAaTHYeCKOH 3akmtONaeT- cA B TOM, YTO 4YaCTHUbI HedrenpovyKTOR NpuKperiatoTcA K My3bIpBKAM He TOMBKO 3a CHET HX CTOMKHOREHHA, HO M 34 CHET BEINENCHHA NY3bIPLKOB H3 PacTBopa HenocpencTBeHHO Ha W3BICKAeMBIX YaACTHUAX HedTeMposYKTOB. Kpome toro, np Hanopno# dbnorauwn oGpa3yioTcA ny3bIpEKH MeHBUeTO pa3Mepa NO CpaBHeHHio C NHeBMaTH4eCKOl, a 9TO O3HayaeT, YTO CyMMapHaA TOMA’ AX NOBepXHOCTH SoNbUe H BEPOATHOCTD CTOAKHOBEHHA C H3BIEKAe- MBIMH YacTHUaMH HetpTenposykros BBIIe. Aacoptuna ae Jaa rny6oxoii ovncTKH Bomb oT HetbrenpozyKToB, 8 TOM 4HCHe Haxo- ASULUXCA B IMY:IBTHPOBAHHOM COCTOAHMH, NIPHMeHAOT ancop6unto. Fpouecc odvicTKH ancop6uMel OCHOBaH Ha NOTIOWeHHH AHCHepCHEIX YaCTHL, NOBepx- _Hoctsi0 ancop6umoxnHoro Matepuana, Cusia, c KoTOpoli ynepxuBaeTCA H3BNE- YeHHOe 13 BOE BELECTBO Ha NOBepXHOCTH ancopGeHTa, ONpeseMAeTCA pasHo- CTbIO ABYX CHI MeXMOJICKYIAPHOTO B3aMMOEHCTBHA: MONeKys U3BNICKAeMOTO BelllecTBa c MOrieky1aMu ancopGenTa, a TakKE MOMeKy1 H3BeKaeMOrO Belle- cTBa c MosieKysaMH BogbI. Uem CHAbHee BAIL Moneys H3BMeKAeMOrO Belle CTBa ¢C MOsEKY/AMH BOsBI, Tem cnaGee ancopOupyetca BeLecTBO M3 pactBopa. Pacnpoctpatenue nonyaunn ancopOunoHHsie punetpst. B Kayecrse a- copGeHT9s (HaflonuuTeneit) MpHMeHAIOT pasIM4Hble HOpHCTbIe MaTepHaibl: 30/1, KOKC, AKTUBMPOBAHHAI yronb, CHHTeETHYECKMe MaTepHanb! 1 Ap. AKTH- BMpOBaHHbI yroNb WO MocHesHero BpeMeHH ABNAJICA HaMGONee pacrpocTpa- HeHHBIM agcopOupyroulMM BeulecTROM. OsHaKO Bce GomBulee NpHMeHeHHe NaXOJAT HM ApyrHe, Gomee HewWeBble BHAI alcopbeHTOB, B YaACTHOCTH, Ha OcHoBe (bopMaNbACTHAHEIX CMON. Tlo Mepe 3arpasHenus ancopSeHTa On NogexKHT 3aMeHe, B MpOTHBHOM cay4ae KayeCTBO OMMCTKH CHW KaeTCA, OCHOBHBIM YCMOBHEM ANIA NOCTHKEHHA HaHNYWWHX pe3yNbTaTOB Mp ucHOTLsoBaHMU agcopOUMOHHEIX dubTpoR aBsaeTC! NpeABApHTeNbHAA OUCTKA HB or kpynnix yacrau Hera. Kak npapnno, ANCOPOUHOHHbIe (HIETpb! MPHMeHAIOT B Ka¥ecTBe MocnenHeli cTYNeHH O4NCTEH. 2.2. XMMH4ECKHA Daexrpoxumuyeckaa ounctka OcHosHbimu cnocoGamu 3neKrpoxumuyeckow ouncrea HB ssnaotcs SHeKTPOXHMMYECKaA KoarysIAMsA Hi SsleKTpOXHMH4eckad dioTauua. B aiexrpo- Koarynatope, B pe3yNbTATe NPOMYyCckaHUA MOCTOAHHOTO TOKA Yepe3 OYHULAeMY!O BODY, MPOHCXONIT pacTBOPeHHe aHoma H THAPOMM3 NepewenWHx B pacTBOp HOHOS MeTaa. OSpa30BaBUIMecA TIpH 3TOM YaCTHUBI THAPOOKHCH MeTAIUTA mnoGmaqaoT NMOBBIeHHOM aKTMBHOCTHIO MH acopOuMOHHO crrocobHocTEIO, oGecneuupat TeM caMbIM KOarynaumio (yKpyniHeHMe) YacTuy HedTenposyKTos. 3arem, B GroKe snexrpodsotaropa, 3a CueT My3bIpbKOB Fa3a, O6pa3yrOulMxca Ha MlopepxHocTH HepactsopuMEx KaTonoB (o65rHO rpabHToBEX), ykKpynHeHHBIe YACTHUBI HePrenpogyKTOB MOAHMMAIOTCA Ha MOBEPXHOCTE. IyexTpoKoary ALMA MMeeT CYUIeCTBeHHBIe HEMOCTATKH, K KOTOPEIM OTHOCATCA CpaBHHTeBHO Gomb- ran MOTpeSHOCTE B SMeKTPOSHEprHH, 3HAIMTE/IBHBIN pacxom MHCTOBOTO MeTANLIa, 3acopeHve MpocTpaticraa MEKAY I1eKTPOAMH MPOAYKTAMH ieKTPOKOATYALMH, o6paszoBaHHe Ha MOBEpXHOCTAX /IeKTPOAOB OKHCHEIX TIeHOK (MaccHBauMA anextpogos). J\ii ux ycTpaveHHa mpemycmatpuBalor MexanMuecky!o OunCTKY SHEKTPOAOB CIICLMAIbHIMH LNETKAMA, NepenOsIOCOBKY 3/IeKTPOAOB H Ap. Osonnposanue Osonupopanue npeactapisert co6oii xaMHyecKHii cnoco6 rnay6oKoii o4n- eTxu HB, ero MCHOmb3yIOT AIA YAaNeHHA W3.BOAbI SMY/IbrHpOBaHHBIX HW pac- TBOPCHHEIX HedTenpoxyKToB. Kpome Toro, pH O30HKPOBaHMH MpOucXOgUT OMHOBpeMeHHO O6e33apaxKuBanne uv OGecuBeYMBAHHe BONE, a TAKKe ee HACKI- WeHHe KACHOpOZOM. 2.3. BAOOPHYECKHH CywHoct 6Homormueckoii owncTKH HB 3aKmrouaetca B TOM, TO B EMKO- CTSX ONpeneneHHoi copMs! wm pa3MepoB co3maéTca HCKycCTHeEHHaa cpefa B KOTOpo NoAMepxKHBaeTCA Takat KOHLEHTPallda MHKpOOpraHh3MoB, fipw KoTOpolt OHH cnocoGHE! 34 MHHHMA@IbHO BO3MOXKHOe BpeMa oOpaSoTaT. onpenenéHHBIe o6bémel Hedrenpoaykros. Buonormueckuii MeToa ocHoBan Ha ciocoGHocTH MMKpoOopraHl3MoB B Mpouecce cBoeii %*H3HEAeATENBHOCTH, UCTIONbIOBaTE Hedyre- Upoayxtel. Buonorwyeckan ouucrka HB ocywiecramaetca MpH HaCbILeHHH BODEI KUCHOponoM Bo3fyxa (aspobHEIe ycnoBUs), a KOHUeHTpalia HedprenposyKTOB B WCXONHOH BONE He DomkHa npeBEwaTs 100 ma/n. Hegrenpoayxrst OKKCAAIOT onpenenenbii Habop MHKpoopraHy3Mos, afanrHponaHunx « HB. Tipa romoua bepmenros, sbipabatsisaemsix MukpoopraHH3Mami, He(TenponyKrsl pasrararorea Vi NpOHMKaioT B KeTKH OakTepHii, OGecre4HBaR Hx *KH3HENeATeNDHOCTL. OTH4H- TeIbHOH OcoGeHHOCTHO yCTaHOBOK, MCMONE3yIOWMx GuonorM4ueckHi MeTOA, ouucTKu, aBnieTca cnocoBHocTs nepepabarsinars HedTenpomVETMI HaxoAmUIMecE B BHe 3MYIECHH. OTHM OTdacTH OGBACHAeTCA OrpaHMueHve NO KOHUeHTpAuHH HecrenpogyKros B HcxosHOii Bore D0 100 mx/n, Tak Kax MpH Taxol KOHMeHTpaLMM H MeHee HedTenposlykTs! B OCHOBHOM HaXOJATCA B IMYSILFMPOBAHHOM COCTOAHHH. K WefoctarKam 9THX yCTaHOBOK cileAyeT OTHECTH %KeCTKMe OrpaHHue- HHA, CBAZAHHBIC C YCHOBHAMM NOJUep»KaHHA 0KUSHENeATENBHOCTH MUKpOOpra- HY3MOB H JOBOSBHO JUIMTENBHBI Nepwog BBOAA x B AelicTBHE. 2 3. CYMOBBIE YCTAHOBKH OUHCTKK HE®TECOJEPKANIAX BO, OCOBEHHOCTH KOHCTPYKIMH M JEMCTBHA i Cyaa mMMposoro rota yKOMMMIeKTOBaHBI pa3HOOOpasHbLIMM KOHCTpyK- WHAMH O6OpyMOBaHHA AA OUNCTKH HEdTecogep»xallux BoA (ycTaHoBKH OHB - Oily Water Separators). BMecre c tem, Komurer no 3aujute Mopcxoli Cpenpi B Tpunoxenun 10 x Pesomtounu MEPC 60(33) “Pyxorogcrso w TexHH4ecKHe TpeSopanns no OCopyAOBAaHHIO WIA NpesOTBpaleHvia 3arpASHEHMA V3 JIbAT MALUHHHBIX noMeWeHHH”, HpHHaToH 30 oKtaGpa 1992 roga, npH3HaBas mpo- Tpece texHosorui owncrkn HB, oTmeyaer, 4To ycrosBulaica TexHonOrHA ‘TakoBa, 40 RCE OSopyOBaHHe MOrKHO pa3flemuTb Ha CemapaTopHoe M cbusTBT- pyrouree. Toa strum mozpa3ymesaertcs, 4to ycraxosKa OHB coctost 43 AByx ‘Noxon: nepssiii - cenapatop, obecneynBaiommMii NpeABApHTeNbHY!O OUNCTKY (tpeumyuiecrseHHo nyTeM rpaBHTauMOHHoro pa3aeneHuA) 20 KOHUeHTpaLHH HedTenpoaykros B OUMUNeHHO! Boge Meee 100 ma/n; BrOpoi - OGecneunBaet goouuctky HB go 15 ma/a. Sta komGnHauua cenaparopa w qOOUKCTHTeNA QOMKHa UMCTb ONOGpeHHoe ycTpoiicrRo (NOATBEp*KAAETCA CBUAETEMLCTBOM O Tun0BoM o”c6pennn npHGopa) WA NogayM NpeAyNpeAMTenbHOrO CurHana O comepKaHHn HedTenpogyKTOB B OUHWAeMol BOZe B KOHUeHTpaynu 15 Ma/n HK Gonee. + BaxkHbIM 3sI¢MeHTOM YCTaHOBKH ABIAeTCA MONaOWMi Hacoc. B cocras yeraHoBoK OHB o6sruno BKNOUAaIOTCA BHHTOBOM HJM NOpUIHeBO! HaCOCBI, Tak kak B OTMNIKe. OT LeHTPOGeKHBIX OHH He CO3MaIoT ycnoBHii ANA 20- NOsMHUTeENBHOrO 3MyAbrupoBakua HedTenpogyxtTos. Mpou3so_uTenbHocTe Hacoca, B MOG0M cryuae, He JOuDKHa NpeBbIMATh HOMMHaNbHYytO MIpOorlyckHy!o cnoco6uocts oGopymoBanna Gonee 4eMm B 1,5 pasa. Takum cbpa3om, Bce cyzossie ycraxosku OHB ocxausenb! urraTHEimn npuGopamn, KOHTponMpyroulMMM creneHb ouncTkH HB, a TawKe cuctemolt Yipasienma saropHbiMM KnaladaMH, OTAMBHbIM KnanaHoM 3a Gopr M CHrHanH- save Wx noroKeHHA. B cmysae MpeBbiuleHHa AONycTHMoro copepxKaHHa HedTenpogyETos B Boe COpaciBaemoii 3a GopT, ycTaHoBKa BOSBpalljaeT BOY o6paTHo B basa HJM B HaKONMTeNbHy!o CTONHYIO UMCTepHy. Hmke paccmorpenbi HanOonee pacnpoctpaHeHHble KOHCTpyKUMH ycTa- HoBok OHB it ocoSenHocta x AelicTBHA. 3.1, CEMAPATOP HE®TECOJEPXKAIIMX BOX “®PAM” Tipnanarvanbnaa cxema ycranosku “®PAM” (Fonmayqua) noKazana Ha puc. 4. B cxemy skmoueH orcroiineli cenaparop 4, 48a KoanecuMpyroulux cbunstpa narpouroro THna | 4 6 M Hacoc 9. YctanosKa paGotaeT B HanlopHoM Bpexume (Hacoc ycranosuen nepex reppoii cryneHiIo OMMCTKH). Tipu Bkato¥eHHH ycranoBKn B paGoty HB 3 cyoBol cOopHolt uucTep- HBI TlomaeTea B nepsbIt Koanecuupyiouluii dunt 1. B atom uAETpe MeaKHe wacrubl HedrenpomyKToB yKpymumtores, 4TO cnocobcTByeT Mx ny4UeMy OTAeneHuIO NPM MocneAyiouem OTCTOe. CreneHb 3arpa3HeHHOCTH BCTaBOK Onpenesmerca No nepenany aBneHna, KOTOpEIi HsMepsetca AMMaHOMeTpaMH 7. W13 nepsoro Koanecumpyouero ¢busbrpa OuMUaeMas Bola MOcTynaeT B oTcToiinbiii cenapatop 4. B orctoiiHuKe pacnonoxkeH 610K HaKOHHBIX mla- cTHH 8, O6pa3yi0MlMx TOHKOCIOMHEI OTCTOMHUK, Mex_y KOTOPBIMH Han- PaBaseTca MOTOK BOAbI. OTAeNeHHBIe OT BOAB HedTenposyKTbI NOZHHMAIOTCA BAONb ACTH BBEPx H COGUPaloTes B KONeKTope 5. M3 Hero OHM Hanpanis- 1OTCA B BEPXHiOIO YacTs cenaparopa. Yposenb HakannpaemBIx HedrenpoaykToB KOHTpoNUpyercs NOTIABKO- BbIM ycTpoiicrBom 3 ¢ nHesMonpuBogom. Ip HakoneHHH onpepeneHHoro Komm4ectBa He(pTenpoxykTos, COmeHONAHBI KaNaH 2 aBTOMATHMYECKH OTKPbI- Baetca M, Yepe3 tpySonposog cOpoca, Hedrenponykts! cSpacsipaiotca B uuiamonyto uxcrepry. B orerodiiom cenapatope orneamorca rpyGomucnepe- HBI€ H TWIeHOYHEIe He*TenposyKrht. 2 : g 3a dopm i 00 vy A xh % Puc. 4. Cxema ycranosku “PAM” Tocnegneli cTynenbio ouncTKH B ycraHoBKe “PAM” apnaetca Koamec- uupylounit buserp 6, B KoTOpOM npenycmorper: py4Holt c6poc HaxonHBUIHX- ca B HéM HedrenpomyKros. Cuctema ympaBnenua ycTaHoBKn oGecreunBaeT apromaTwueckHit C6poc HakONeHHBIX B CerlapaTope Hed@TenpomyKTOR, a TAKE Npexpamenne cOpoca oyMuleHHoli BOB 3a GopT, ec KOHLEHTpalua HedTe- MIPOAYKTOB B OYHUICHHOM BOLE NpeBBICHT AonycTHMoe 3HayeHHe 15 ma/n. TipeumywectBom ycTaHosku “®PAM” nepen apyramMu ycTaHoBKaMH, B KOTOpbIX Co4eTAeTCA Ba cnocoba “ouNcTKa — OTCTAaMBAHHe” M KOaNecueHUMA, sBeTCA NpHMeHeHHe KoarecuMpyioWlero ycTpoiicraa Mepea OTcTOMHEIM cenapaTopom. 370 no3Bonset Gonee addekTHBHO OcyleCTBNATh npouecc OTCTAMBAaHHA 3a CUeT TIpeABAPHTebHOTO YKpPyNHeHHA MesKUX YacTHL Hedre- NpOAYKTOB B KOaMeCMpyrOlleM ycrpoiicrae. OfHako, B IKCHyaTaWMH, 3TO NIpHBOAMT K YCKOpeHHOMY 3arpASHeHHIO KOaNecuMpytoulero narpona H HeoG- XonuMOcTH ero 3aMenBI. Hanwune MexanMueckux mpuMeceii B cyzorbix HB TakxKe MpHBOAMT K CHWKEHMIO ero pecypca. hdexrasnocrs ouncrkn HB p ycranopKke “PAM” B 3HaunTensHoli crenenu 3ABHCHT OT CKOPOCTH NPOXOKAEHHA BOAbI 4epe3 KOATECLINPYIOUIMe MaTpOHLI, 2 TakKKe M@KMY MMACTHHaMH OTCTOMHOTO cenapatopa. IlosToMy yMeHBIIeHHe noqa4n Hacoca 9, nyTeM nepenyckaHHa YacTH Bob! 4epe Gaiinac, cnoco6cr- ByeT yIy4uleHiaO Mpowecca OUCTEKH. 3.2. CENAPATOP HE®TECOAEPKALUUX BOA “®PAMAPHH” TpununnvanbHan cxema ycraxosku “®PAMAPHH” (Fonnanaus) BKIMOYAeT OMMCTKY OTCTOeM HW KOATeCUeHUMeH H MpencTapieta Ha puc. 5. B orcroiinom cenaparope 1, ropH30HTalbHoro THNMa, MOTOK O¥HLAeMoli BoM HoMalaer MexAY TocdpHpoBaHHBIMH MacTHHamM 2, re MpovcxomHT ero ToHKocHOliHoe oTcTanBauue. B BbICTyNMax Todpos vMerotca oTBepcTHA, Hepes Koropple HedTenposyKTE! TOAHHMAIOTCA B BepxHIOIO YaCTb cenlaparopa — cOop- neti konnak. Ilo Mepe Hakonvienua B HEM Hedrenpomyktos cpabaraisaeT AaTaHK 3, M Mogaer curnan Ha OTKpBITHe KianaHa 5, 4epe3 KOTOpEIii HedprenpomYKTEL cOpacbizaiorcs B iutamoBylo uMctepHy. [IpeasaputenbHo ountuenHas HB, rocne cemapatopa, Nomaetca B KOpMyc ropH30HTaNbHOro KoaNecuMpylomero dbunbTpa 6. B xonerpyxumu unetpa npenycmotpen cGopxsiii Kommax 8 aia HakoneHNa oTfesMBUMXcA HedrenpomyKTos. HakorienHble B KosMake 8 HedTenposyKTSI Tak 2ke COpacbIBalorca B LitaMoBylo UMCTepHy, Kak M 43 KoyINaKa 4 cerlapaTopa. ‘Ycranorxa “DPAMAPHH” npeactasnser coGoii monepHusuposaHbiit BapwaHT ycraHosku “PAM”, B Heli ucriomB3ytorcs Te xe crioco6pl ONMCTKM — orcroii 4 Koaecnenuma. OnHaKo, npHMeHeHHe ropH3OHTANbHO pacnonor%KeH- HbIX FObpHpoBaHHBIX MMACTHH HM CABOeHHOTO KoaNlecuMpyiowlero (bunetpa 7, TOSBOMNIO MOBLICHTE 9pekTHBHOCTS OUXcTKM HB npn MeHBWHX rabapuTHEIX paaMepax yCTaHOBKH.Crema. axonnenusa Hepmenpodyx- B cydobyw mob Ha wnamabyio mnacmunax qucmepHy OvuueHHaR Boda 3a bopm Puc. 5. Cxema ycranosku “®PAMAPHH” 3.3. CEMAPATOP HE®TECOJEPKAWHX BOX “1 MATHK” Tipaiuinvanenas cxema ycranosku “ITT MATHK” (Illseuma) npea- cTapmena Ha puc. 6. B weit ucnonp3yerca Apa cnoco6a ouncrKu ~ oTcToli H ancop6uua. B yc- TaHOBKe HCNONb3OBaHa BakyyMHaa Npokauka HB. Tipu sxmoyewnu ycraHoskn B pabory, 3a cueT paspexenna, CosnaBae- MOTO Hacocom | (Hacoc pacnosoxKeH 3a cerlaparopom), HB u3 cyzoBoit c6op- Holi UMCTepHBI HAYMHaeT MOCTyNaTe B OTCTOMHOe ycTpolicTBO 2, re oTAeNA- YOTCA MMeHOUHLIe H rpyGogucnepcHbie Hedrenpogyxrs!. Orcrospuineca HeqrenpovyKTbl HakannMBalotcs B BEpxHeli MOsOCTH OTCTOMHUKa. Kak TOKO cnoH Hedrenpoayktos gocTurHer onpegenenHot senuuukel, cpa6areiBaeT aaruux 4 uw orkxpsisaet Knanan 3. Ip atom aneKrpogeurarens Hacoca | HaMHHeT BpalllaTbCA B MPOTHBOTOMOXKHYIO paGovemMy HanpaBeHHio CTOpOHy, M1 HedTenponyKTSI BbITECHAIOTCA B LUNAMOBYIO LWMCTEPHY. Puc. 6. Cxema ycranosxu “IIT MATHK” C6poc nedrenpoayKTos nponosKaeTca 10 Tex Nop, NOKA JATUHK ypOBHA 4 ne saduxcupyer orcytcraue Hedrenpomystos. Mocie 3toro yctavoBKa cHopa HayHHaet paGorate B pexUMe OUUCTKH. Hs orcrotuuxa cenaparopa 2 Boga noctynaer B pHIbTp TOHKOM O“NCTKK 8, re Hpovcxonur oTAeNeHHe IMyNbrMpOBAHHBIX HEdTeNPoAYKTOB B CIOe 3epHMcToH (bwieTpyloweli 3arpy3KH. 3aTem OUMLMeHHaA BOA MocTynaeT B c6opHyio emkecTs 7, orkyza cOpactipaetca 3a opt. Ec npnGop Kotposa 3a conepxaiuem HedrenposykToB B ONMUEHHOH BOE NOMACT CHTHAN O HEYAOBNETROPUTENbHOM OUMCTKE, TO ABTOMATHYECKH sakpbiedetea kianau 6, 4 oTKpbIBaeTcA KnanaH 5. B pesysbrare came 3a Gopr npexpamaeres, 4 Boga HauHeT COpacbiBaTBCA B UMcTepHy COopa HB nan B siparia. : Crenens ouncTKH 3aBvcHT of o¢dexrusHoi paGoTs! KaKQOH cryneHH YCTaHOBKH, 103TOMY CHWKEHHE CKOPOCTH ABYDKEHMA BODHI Yepes CenapaTop 2 (rpaputaqnonuert pasgenutens) cnocoGcrayer yMeHbUIeHHIO KOHICHTpanHH He@Tenpogyxtos Ha Bxose B husmetp 8. 3.4, CEMAPATOP HE®TECOAEPKAILUX BOI “THAPONYP” Ouucrxa HB B yctaHosKe “TUJIPOIMYP” (Mpanuusa) ocymiectanaetca B ABYX OCHOBHEIX 3NeMeHTAaX: OTCTOHHUKe 8 HB HNETpe TOHKOM O4NCTKH 5, puc. 7. B ycranoske peanu3onan BakyyMHBIi MpHem HB.Tipu sknouennn B paGoty Hacoca 2 HB, 3a cueT co3zasaemoro paspe- KEHNA, TOcTynaeT B NpHemHbiit Gax 3 uw manee Yepes BOPOHKOOGpa3zHEI anement 9 B Bepxmolo yacTs orcrotHuKa 8. B orcToiiHMKe mpoucxonut oTjeneHMe MneHOdHEIX 4 rpyGogucnepcHEK HedrenporykTon. Hakarnupae- MbIe Hedrenpopykrst coGupaiorca B KONNeKTOpe 7, OTKyaa NO Mepe ero HaNOsIHEHHA ABTOMATHUECKH cOpacEiBaloTcA B WaMoByto UMCTepHy. COpoc Hedrenpomyktos OCyUlecTBNAeTCA NyTeM MepeKMO4eHHA Hacoca Ha paboTy B oOpaTHOM HanpaBNeHHH H BbITecHeHHA HedTenpogsyKTow W3 KONTeKTOpa TOA napneHvem vepes Knarian 6, Cucremoli ynpasnenua wacoc nepexniouaerea apTomatuuecku. M3 orctoinuka 8 HB wacocom 2 nogaerca B buNETp TOHKON O4NCTKH 5, rae HOMONHHTeENBHO O4MUIaeTCA OT HedrenpogyKtos, DumeTpy!o- UHM MaTepHasIOM CIY>KHT CrlenManbHas 3arpy3Ka. [locne ubTpa ounmeHHar Bona c6pacsisaetes 3a Gopr. => } Bwnamodya ‘quemepay Puc. 7. Cxema ycranosku “TH /IPOIYP” YposeHb BOsbI B MpHemHoM Gake 3 nopLepxXMBaeTCA ABTOMATHYECKH C MOMOUIBIO BepxHero 4 4 HwkKHero | AaTunKOB ypoBHa. [pu ocymeHun cyn0- soli uucrepHsi c6opa HB, orkyaa HB nogaetca Ha ycTaHoBky, yposeHb B TipHemHo G6ake nanaeT 10 HIDKHEro AaTUNKa yposHs 1, KoTOpbIii nepexmouaeT nacoc 2 Ha paGoty 8 o6parHom Hanpasnenuu. HB HauwHaer 3anonHATS npA- eMHBIii Gak Jo Tex Nop, moka ypobeHt HB xe zocTurnet Bepxvero gaTunKa 4. Tlocae storo Hacoc cHopa Nepexmouaetca Ha padoTy B pexXuM OUNCTKH. Onrr sxenmyarannn ycranoBox “THJPOMYP” noxasan, uro nepeaKu ciy4au 6bicrporo 3arpa3HeHHA (MLTpy!OUlero MaTepwasla H3-3a HemOCTAaTOY- HO otbexTHBHO! paGoTs! GnoKa rpaBATauMOHHOrO pa3peneHta (oTcTOHHMKA). 18 Tlopsicuts creteHs ounctKn HB B oTcTOiHOli 30He MOXKHO MyTeM YMeHBINEHHA nowau Hacoca 2. 3.5. CEMAPATOP HE®TECOJEPXKAUIHMX BOX “CAPEKC” Tipunuunvanbuas cxema oauctku HB ycrawosku “CAPEKC” (CLUA) tokazana Ha puc. 8, YcTaHoBka COCTOMT #3 Tpex NOCHeAOBATeABHO BKMIOYEH- HBIX KO@TECUMPYIOWIHX hHsIETpOB 2 NaTpORHOTO THMAa, NOMeLeHHEIX B KOpnyc 1, KontcrpykTuBHo uAeTpsI BEINOHEHH Tak, YTO KaxkabIH MMeeT OTCTOHY!O Honocts. Fro MosBoNAeT CoueTATE WBA Mpouecca OUMCTKH: OTCTAHBAaHHe KoanecueHHHo. . Us cOopxoit unctreprbi HB nacocom F nocnenoBatenbHo NpoKaunBalor- Ca Nepes TPH cTYNeHH KoanecuMpyroULHx busetpos. B kaxqoii u3 crynenei _fipowexonur otmenenue HedrenpomykTor u Hx Mocmenyloulee HakonmeHue B “OTCTOMHSIX omocTax 3. Hs nepeoit u BTOpoi cryneHeii c6poc HaKONNEHHEIX HedTenpoxyKTOB OCYULECTBAAETCA ABTOMATHYECKK NpH OTKPEITHH KNanaHa 4, matuukom 5. U3 tpetbeii crynenu cOpoc mpon3Boautca Bpy4nyio nyTém ‘orkpsiTHa Knanana 6. OcuosHoii HegoctatoK ycranosku “CAPEKC” — orpauwuennsiil pecype KoamechupyrolHx duTeTpos, Jia noBenueHuA ux pecypca pekomensyerca YCTaHaBNMBaTs NpeABapUTeAbHbIA PKNSTP, 3aneprxUBarOLUMit MexaHM4ecKHe mpumecu nepeg cenaparopom. Kpome Toro, nepen nomaueli Ha ouncTKy HeO6- XOqMMO HB npensaputensuo orcraupat 8 c6opHol uncTepHe ¥ nepHoguue- cKM ounmare IbTpbI (TIPOMBIBaTh TEmo# Bono, nyTém e& NoMayH Ha Esmtssstassy Puc. 8. Cxema yeranoakn “CAPEKC” 9