p(t)

Conversion from
xp(t) impulse train to x(n)= xc(nT)
xc(t) 
discrete-time
sequence

xp(t) x(n)
xc(t)

t t 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4
n
0 3T 2T T 0 T 2T 3T 4T

n 
  x (nT )(t  nT )
n  
c
 p(t)
Conversion from
xp(t) impulse train to x(n)= xc(nT)
xc(t) 
discrete-time
sequence

1
𝑋𝑝 𝑗𝜔 = 𝑋𝑐 (𝑗𝜔) ∗ 𝑃(𝑗𝜔)
2𝜋
∞
2𝜋 2𝜋
𝑃 𝑗𝜔 = ෍ 𝛿 𝜔 − 𝑘𝜔𝑠 , 𝜔𝑠 =
𝑇 𝑇
𝑘=−∞
∞
1 2𝜋
𝑋𝑝 𝑗𝜔 = ෍ 𝑋𝑐 𝜔 − 𝑘𝜔𝑠 , 𝜔𝑠 =
𝑇 𝑇
𝑘=−∞
Figure 7.3 Effect in the frequency domain of sampling in the time domain: Figure 7.3 Continued
(a) spectrum of original signal; (c) spectrum of sampled signal with 𝜔𝑠 > 2 𝜔𝑀 .
(b) spectrum of sampling function; (d) spectrum of sampled signal with 𝜔𝑠 < 2 𝜔𝑀 .
 Example-1

Consider the shown X (ω) and H (ω)

𝑓𝑀 = 1 𝐾𝐻𝑍

𝑓𝑐 = 2 𝐾𝐻𝑧

Find the output signal Xr(ω) when

𝑇𝑠 = 1 𝑚𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑇𝑠 = 0.2 𝑚𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑇𝑠 = 0.1 𝑚𝑠𝑒𝑐

What is the maximum value for 𝑇𝑠 to avoid aliasing

Comment on the filter H (ω)?
 Example-2

Consider the input signal

𝑥 𝑡 = 𝐶𝑜𝑠(100 𝑡)

Find the output signal x(t) and Xr(ω) when

𝜔𝑠 = 150 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠
𝜔𝑠 = 300 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠

What is the maximum value for 𝑇𝑠 to avoid aliasing

𝜔𝑐 = 120 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠
Comment on the filter H (ω)?
 Example-3

Consider the input signal

𝑥 𝑡 = 𝐶𝑜𝑠(400 𝑡)

Find the output signal xr(t) and Xr(ω) when

𝜔𝑠 = 1000 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠
How to re-design the system in terms of 𝜔𝑐 and 𝜔𝑠 ?
𝜔𝑐 = 1000 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠