PAAET

College Of Technological Studies

Department Of Chemical Engineering Technology
Petroleum testing laboratory

Experiment 1

Aniline point

Student Name:

1. Khaled Mishaal Almutairi

2. Falah Saad Abu Tamr Almutairi
3. Muath Kaled Youssef Abdullah
4. Salman Salem Alshammari

Eng. Sabah Al-Ali

1
 Inbox

Objective 3
Theory 3

Equipment used 4

Procedure 5

Data & Results 6

Discussion and Conclusion 7

References 7
Objective:
To determine the aniline point of petroleum products
and hydrocarbon solvents.
Theory:
Aniline point can be defined as the lowest temperature
at which equal volumes of aniline and sample .

By definition, the aniline point is the lowest temperature

at which equal volume of aniline and oil are
completely miscible (clear). This method is suitable for
transparent liquid samples having an initial boiling point
above room temperature and where the aniline point
is below the bubble point and above the solidification
point of the aniline sample mixture. The procedure is
useful in characterizing pure hydrocarbons. The lower
the aniline point, the greater the solvency or reactivity
of the oil, which in turn gives an indication of the oil’s
aromaticity. Paraffinic hydrocarbons have higher
aniline points than aromatic types (Mair & Willingham
1936; Rossini 1937). For instance, for an aromatic oil with
a 75%aromatic content, the aniline point would be
between 32.2° and 48.9°C; for a naphthenic type
containing 40% aromatic structures, it would be
between 65.6° and 76.7°C; and for a paraffinic oil with
a15% aromatic content it would be between 93.3° and
126.7°C. In a homologous series, the aniline point
for hydrocarbons such as diesel oils and mineral oils
serves as a guideline for judging the aromatic
hydrocarbon content of oil and for comparing oil.
Aniline being an aromatic compound freely mixes with
aromatics; so a low aniline point indicates a low diesel
index.

Equipment used:
Aniline point apparatus
Thermometer
Pipette
petroleum sample.
Procedure:
1.Mix the sample to be tested with an equal
proportion of aniline (10 cc of each recommended)
and introduce to the Pyrex cell.
2.Turn on the line switch and motor switch, adjust the
motor control dial to a setting between 50 and 70 for
complete mixing.
3.Turn the heater switch and the air valve switch to
on. Adjust the light control all the way down and
increase the light intensity gradually until the green
pilot light goes on.
4.Turn the air control valve in until the sound of
the cooling air is audible. ( not used when aniline
point is above room temperature).
5.Decrease the light intensity until the red pilot
light goes on. A setting of between 30 and 50 will
service most oils.
6.Turn the heater control knob to maximum. Allow for
the apparatus to run until the red and green pilot
lights go on alternately which indicates the aniline
point has been reached.
7.The cycle of cooling and heating (indicated by the
green and red lights) should be approximately the
same. This can be adjusted by decreasing the heat
till the same length of time reached.
8.The cycle can be speeded up by decreasing the
light intensity slightly.
9.For mixed aniline point the above procedure is
repeated by taking 5ml. of sample, 5m!. of n-
heptane and 10ml. of aniline.
10. Cleaning instruction:
 Turn off the heater and air valve switches.
 Open petcock and drain sample while motor is
running.
  Close petcock and flush the cell twice with
solvent while the motor is running.
 Shut off motor and line switches.
 Apparatus is now ready for the next sample.

 Note:
 The apparatus can be used on all oils except
dark types. For light sample, the light intensity
required is not as great as that repaired for dark
sample.
 Aniline is a toxic material and should be handled
with extra care.
 Do not heat an aniline-oil mixture beyond 200 oF
(93 oC) to do so cod be unsafe.
Data & Results:

DIESEL 10 10 76 94
19.15

13.04
KEROSENE 10 10 60 69
Sample of calculation;

𝐴𝑃 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜−𝐴𝑃 𝑒𝑥𝑝
%error = 𝐴𝑝 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜 𝑥 100

For Diesel

% error = 94−76
94
𝑥 100 = 19.15 %
Discussion and Conclusion:
- The purpose of the experiment is to determine the
values of aniline point of samples of petroleum
products such as kerosene and diesel.
- Aniline point is the minimum temperature for a
complete mixing of aniline and materials such as
gasoline; used in some specifications to indicate
the aromatic content of oils and to calculate
approximate heat of combustion.
- The sample with the lowest temperature is the
best aromatic
- Aniline pure aromatic can be mixed in the room
temperature.
- Diesel has a high value of Paraffin than kerosene.
- If aniline point increases the paraffin increase.
- If aniline point increases the aromatic decrease.
- A laboratory fume hood is a type of ventilation
system that primarily functions to provide personnel
protection against toxic fumes, vapors and dust.
Its secondary function includes protection
against chemical spills, runaway reactions and
fires by acting as a physical barrier.
- Safety rules is very important inside laboratory such
as wearing safety clothes like lab coat and
gloves and learn how we can use fume hoods.
References:
- Lab manual.
- https://www.slideshare.net/diarfirstdiarfirst/aniline-
point-determination-bydiar-ismail
- https://www.researchgate.net/post/How-could-I-
measure-anline-point-of-diesel-in-laboratory