BIODIESEL ENERGIZED BY
Baynox® extends the shelf life of Biodiesel
LANXESS DISTRIBUTION GMBH
CHEMPARK LEVERKUSEN
KAISER-WILHELM-ALLEE 40
51369 LEVERKUSEN
TEL.: +49 (0) 214 30 69042
WWW.BAYNOX.COM
WWW.LANXESS-DISTRIBUTION.COM
For further information about Baynox® go to www.baynox.com.
Our patented Baynox® products stand for consistently high quality.
This information and our technical advice – whether verbal, in writing or by way of trials – are given in good faith but without warranty, and
this also applies where proprietary rights of third parties are involved. Our advice does not release you from the obligation to verify the
information currently provided – especially that contained in our safety data and technical information sheets – and to test our products
as to their suitability for the intended processes and uses. The application, use and processing of our products and the products manufac-
tured by you on the basis of our technical advice are beyond our control and, therefore, entirely your own responsibility. Our products are
sold in accordance with the current version of our General Conditions of Sale and Delivery.
Order No.: LXS-AII-001EN, Edition: 2016-01
© = LANXESS Deutschland GmbH 2016 | all rights reserved
LANXESS Baynox® 2
ALTERNATIVE BIOFUELS
POWERFUL SOURCE OF
GREEN ENERGY
Alternative energy sources are on the rise globally in respon-
se to concerns about conventional (fossil) fuel sources and
the necessity for environmentally friendly options. Biofuels are
fulfilling the demand for a modern, regenerative and low CO2
emitting fuel. For the transportation sector, bioethanol and
biodiesel have become very popular and their use is manda-
tory in many countries all over the world.
Biodiesel is a renewable fuel derived from vegetable oil or ani-
mal fat for combustion in diesel engines. It is made by tran-
sesterification of the lipids with methanol and reduces carbon
monoxide, particulate matter, sulfur dioxide and aromatic hyd-
rocarbons in exhaust gases. Increasing amounts are used in
cars, trucks, buses, off-road vehicles, aircrafts, locomotives, ma-
rine vessels as well as stationary power and heat generation.
3 LANXESS Baynox®
To meet this demand, a variety of biodiesel grades have been
developed and introduced to the market in different blends,
ranging from B2 with 2 % biodiesel content to B100 with
100 % biodiesel. As the quality of the corresponding fuels
greatly depends on the origin and process of the biodiesel
manufacture, strict quality standards such as EN 14214 and
ASTM D6751 have been set-up. These standards guaran-
tee high efficiency and safe operation of the corresponding
engines.
OSI hours 110 °C
OXIDATION
OF BIODIESEL
Despite its many advantages, biodiesel has poor storage stabi-
lity compared with petro diesel. Ageing arises from the oxida-
tion of unsaturated fatty acid esters, which are present in bio-
diesel made from vegetable oils, animal fats and used cooking
oils. It is initiated by radicals, formed by the interaction of light,
oxygen and metal ions with the fatty acid esters, and leads to
the formation of volatile free acids and polymers. Acids can
corrode both the engine and the fuel injection system. Poly-
mers leads to filter plugging and incomplete combustion.
This process can be visualized by the inflation of a plastic bot-
tle, containing biodiesel and oxygen (air). It can be monitored
by the rancimat test, in which an oil sample is heated in a test
tube to 110 °C while purging it with a steady stream of air and
measuring the degradation products such as volatile organic
compounds. The US standard ASTM D6751 requires a mini-
mum stability of 3 hours whereas the European standard EN
14214 demands minimum 8 hours stability.
As the stability of biodiesel depends on the origin and purity
of the feedstock, the manufacturing processes in the biodie-
sel plant and on the transportation and storage conditions
Rancimat curves of natural RME with/without Baynox®
14
12
10
0
15 30 45
Thermal processes such as transesterification, distillation or usage as cooking oils further accelerate the deterioration of natural
vitamin E, making the addition of a synthetic antioxidant even more important.
(temperature, time, oxygen pressure), the rancimat value can
differ widely. In practice, biodiesel grades for B2-B100 blends
often do not fulfil these requirements and this could lead to
filter clogging, corrosion, higher fuel consumption and severe
engine damage.
To prevent such damage, it is essential that biodiesel is stabi-
lized by antioxidants. Antioxidants interrupt the oxidation circ-
le by trapping the intermediately formed hydroperoxides. This
stops the formation of radicals and the antioxidant is oxidized
instead of the biofuel.
Adding oxidation stabilizers increases shelf life and keeps
the biodiesel fresh, even when stored for longer periods. In
nature, vitamin E works as an antioxidant to protect the oil
seeds as long as they are on the plant. Once the oilseeds
are harvested, no more vitamin E can be formed and the re-
maining antioxidant is consumed rapidly. Therefore, synthetic
antioxidants have to be added as soon as possible to avoid
deterioration of the valuable oils. Once the biodiesel has star-
ted to become rancid, the shelf life cannot be improved with
further antioxidant addition.
RME + 1000 ppm Baynox®
RME + 500 ppm Baynox®
natural RME
60 75 90
Shelf life at 40 °C
LANXESS Baynox® 4
SELECTION OF
THE RIGHT ANTIOXIDANT
Selecting the right antioxidant depends on the feedstock (ve-
getable oil, animal fat, used cooking oils), the configuration of
the biodiesel plant, the blend rate (B2-B100), the fuel appli-
cation and the requested rancimat value. In addition to this,
the antioxidant must be compatible with biodiesel and petro
diesel, should exhibit good solubility in biodiesel and have a
high flash point. Only few synthetic antioxidants can meet
these requirements.
From the very beginning, LANXESS has supported the bio-
diesel industry with dedicated products which are based on
sterically hindered phenols. These products, like naturally
occurring vitamin E (tocopherol), comprise only carbon, hy-
drogen and oxygen. In addition to this, we also offer an an-
tioxidant with phenylenediamine as the active element. All
these products are non-corrosive and do not contain acids.
The same is valid for their solutions in biodiesel, organic sol-
vents and mineral oils.
Synthetic antioxidants can be classified into four
categories:
Category I: sterically hindered monophenols
Category II: sterically hindered diphenols and triphenols
Category III: sterically hindered bisphenols
Category IV: para-phenylenediamines (PPDs)
FAME oils and oxidation stability
 %
80
60
40
20
0
Palm Rapeseed Animal Fat
Saturated FA Monounsat. FA Polyunsat. FA
5 LANXESS Baynox®
As a rule, biodiesel with a lower ratio of polyunsaturated oils
(iodine numbers <120) can be stabilized with monophenols
of category I, whereas for biodiesel with a higher ratio of po-
lyunsaturated oils (iodine number > 120) antioxidants from
category II to III are more powerful. PPDs are frequently used
for the stabilization of mineral oils and gasoline, but also have
a strong effect in biodiesel.
As can be seen from the figure below, palm oil and rapeseed
oil can be stabilized more easily than soybean oils and sunflo-
wer oils. Though the rule helps to categorize FAME products
and find the “right” product category, it cannot predict the
type and dosage of the antioxidant. This has to be found out
in laboratory trials.
In this context it should also be mentioned that the mode of
action can differ widely for the various antioxidants and bio-
diesel types. The so-called “intrinsic efficacy” describes the
relative ability of a given antioxidant-biodiesel-combination to
produce the maximum functional response.
UCO Soybean Sunflower Lineseed
SOLID VERSUS
LIQUID ANTIOXIDANTS
LANXESS antioxidants can be solids, melts, oils or solutions.
Solid stabilizers have proven to be economic and flexible.
They can also match a broad application range for biodie-
sel, blends, kerosene etc. However, the preparation of liquid
solutions from solids is not always possible or may require
additional investment at the biodiesel plant. Therefore, liquid
antioxidants are preferred by an increasing number of users.
They should meet the following requirements:
Concentrated solution with high antioxidant power
Solvent with high flash point and low pour point
Stability in biofuel for at least three months
Complete combustion on ignition, no hazard
Easy handling, low to medium viscosity, no crystallization
LANXESS Baynox® 6
BAYNOX®
ANTIOXIDANTS
LANXESS has developed a series of solid and liquid products
of all categories and for a wide range of applications. They
have been extensively tested in various biodiesel types and
allow for a safe and enduring stabilization of all kind of bio-
fuels. These products are grouped into the Baynox® product
line which has been exclusively created for use in biodiesel,
blends and related fuels.
In the following chapters, there are more detailed descrip-
tions of the various products, their typical applications and
treat rates in biodiesel.
7 LANXESS Baynox®
BAYNOX® MOLTEN
Description:
Baynox® molten is a colour and odorless liquid which solidi-
fies at temperatures below 70 °C. It belongs to the group of
sterically hindered phenols and contains > 99 % active ingre-
dient (2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol).
Characteristic Data:
Density 20 °C (solid): 1.03 g/cm³
Flash point: 127 °C
Boiling point: 265 °C
Solidification point: 68-69 °C
Ash content: max. 0.002 %
Application:
Baynox® molten is especially suitable for biodiesel produced
from vegetable oils with a low content of multiple unsaturated
fatty acids and an iodine number <120. It is easily soluble in
biodiesel and compatible with common cold filter plugging
point (CFPP) improvers. Baynox® molten has been awarded
“No-harm” status by the German AGQM-Biodiesel Organiza-
tion.
For use in biodiesel, it is recommended to prepare a stock
solution of 15 – 20 wt.- % in biodiesel and add this solution to
the final biodiesel. The solution should be kept above 0 °C as
crystals may precipitate below this temperature. A minimum
of 400 ppm Baynox® should be added right from the begin-
ning for all kind of oils to avoid costly engine failures. As the
product has a high cost performance relation, it can be used
very effectively for RME, PME, most UCOME and animal fats.
Packaging:
Baynox® molten is supplied in heatable road tankers and IBCs.
For long term storage at 90 – 100 °C, the tank must have a
pressure release valve and should be blanketed with inert gas.
BAYNOX® EU
Description:
Baynox® EU is a crystalline solid. It belongs to the group of
the sterically hindered phenols and contains > 99,8 % active
ingredient (2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol).
Characteristic Data:
Bulk density: 600 – 650 kg/m³
Flash point: 127 °C
Melting point: 69 °C
Boiling point: 265 °C
Ash content: max. 0.002 %
Application:
Baynox® EU is especially suitable for biodiesel produced from
vegetable oils with a low content of multiple unsaturated fat-
ty acids and an iodine number <120. It is easily soluble in
biodiesel and compatible with common CFPP improvers.
Baynox® EU has been awarded “No-harm” status by the Ger-
man AGQM-Biodiesel Organization.
For use in biodiesel, it is recommended to prepare a stock
solution of 15 – 20 wt.- % in biodiesel and add this solution
to the final biodiesel. The solution should be kept above 0 °C
as crystals may precipitate at lower temperatures. A minimum
of 400 ppm Baynox® EU should be added right from the be-
ginning for all kind of oils to avoid costly engine failures. As
the stability of FAME can differ a lot, treat rates of up to 1000
ppm or even more may be necessary for “difficult” biodiesel.
Baynox® EU can be used very effectively for RME, PME, most
UCOME and animal fats.
Packaging:
Baynox® EU is supplied in 25 kg paper bags and 500 kg
bigbags.
LANXESS Baynox® 8
BAYNOX® PLUS
Description:
Baynox® plus is a white to pale coloured powder. It belongs
to the group of sterically hindered bisphenols and contains
> 96 % active ingredient. Due to its special chemical struc-
ture, Baynox® plus is a much stronger antioxidant and has a
better heat resistance than Baynox® EU and other monophe-
nols.
Characteristic Data:
Bulk density: 320 kg/m³
Flash point: 185 °C
Melting point: 124 °C
Boiling point (0,07 hPa): 186 °C
Ash content: max. 0.1 %
Application:
Baynox® plus has a much stronger antioxidant activity and
is particularly suitable for the stabilization of oils with a high
degree of double and triple unsaturated acids like soy. sunflo-
wer, linseed and jatropha oils. It is easily soluble in biodiesel
and compatible with common CFPP improvers. Baynox® plus
has been awarded “No-harm” status by the German AGQM-
Biodiesel Organization.
For use in biodiesel it is recommended to prepare a stock
solution of 15 – 20 wt.- % in biodiesel and add this solution to
the final biodiesel. The solution should be kept above 0 °C as
crystals may precipitate at lower temperatures. With a dosage
of 300-500 ppm, rancimat values of min. 9 hours can be
achieved in most biodiesel types. Baynox® plus can be used
for long-term stabilization of biodiesel in marine vessels and
power generators.
Packaging:
Baynox® plus is supplied in 15 kg paper bags.
9 LANXESS Baynox®
BAYNOX® 44PD
Description:
Baynox® 44PD is a dark brown liquid which solidifies at tem-
peratures below 17 °C. It belongs to the group of the pheny-
lenediamines and contains > 96 % active ingredient (N,N’-di-
sec-butyl-p-phenylenedianine).
Characteristic Data:
Density 16°C (solid): 0.94 g/cm³
Flash point: 140 °C
Boiling point: 310 °C
Solidification point: 17 °C
Ash content: max. 0.1 %
Application:
Baynox® 44PD is suitable for most kinds of diesel, biodiesel
and blends thereof. It is also suitable for gasoline. Baynox®
44PD has been awarded “No-harm” status by the German
AGQM-Biodiesel Organization.
For use in biodiesel, it is recommended to prepare a stock
solution of 15 – 20 wt.- % in biodiesel and add this solution
to the final biodiesel. The pure product needs to be heated
in winter time to avoid solidification. A minimum of 400 ppm
Baynox® 44PD should be added right from the beginning for
all kind of oils to avoid costly engine failures. The antioxidant
can also be used for long-term stabilization of biodiesel in ma-
rine vessels, military storages and power generators. It can
also be used in combination with Baynox® EU.
Packaging:
Baynox® 44PD is supplied in road tankers and 200 L-drums.
LANXESS Baynox® 10
BAYNOX®
FORMULATIONS
LANXESS has developed formulations of various antioxidants
in biodiesel and organic solvents. Depending on the type and
content of the antioxidant, the products provide medium to
very strong activity in biodiesel. LANXESS offers formulations
for all types of biodiesel, to facilitate transportation, handling
and dosage at the biodiesel plant or in the tank terminals.
In the following chapters, there are more detailed descrip-
tions of the various products, their typical applications and
treat rates in biodiesel.
BAYNOX® SOLUTION
Description:
Baynox® Solution is a ready to use 20 % solution of Baynox® in
biodiesel. It is a clear, yellow to brownish liquid.
Characteristic Data:
Density 20 °C: 0.892 g/cm³
Flash point: 147 °C
Cloud point: -16 °C
Viscosity kinem. (20 °C) 10 mm²/s
Ash content: max. 0.02 %
Application:
Baynox® Solution is particularly recommended for biodiesel
from vegetable oils with a low content of multiple unsaturated
fatty acids and an iodine number of < 120. It is easily soluble
in biodiesel and compatible with common CFPP improvers.
Baynox® Solution has been awarded “No-harm” status by the
German AGQM-Biodiesel Organization.
The solution should be kept above 0 °C as crystals may pre-
cipitate below this temperature. A minimum of 1500 ppm
Baynox® Solution should be added right from the beginning
for PME, RME, most UCOME and animal fats to avoid costly
engine failures. For biodiesel which is stored over long peri-
ods, such as for heating oil, emergency generators or marine
diesel, higher treat rates are recommended. The exact figure
is highly dependent on the application and has to be determi-
ned in laboratory trials.
Packaging:
Baynox® Solution is supplied in 20 m³ road tankers and IBCs.
The storage of Baynox® Solution can be stored in tanks which
are of the same material and standard as tanks for biodiesel
itself.
BAYNOX® PLUS SOLUTION
Description:
Baynox® plus Solution is a ready to use 20 % solution of
Baynox® plus in biodiesel. It is a clear, yellow to red liquid.
Characteristic Data:
Density 20 °C: 0.89 g/cm³
Flash point: 180 °C
Cloud point: -16 °C
Viscosity kinem. (20°C): 10 mm²/s
Ash content: max. 0.02 %
Application:
Baynox® plus Solution is especially suitable for biodiesel from
vegetable oils with a high content of multiple unsaturated fatty
acids and an iodine number of > 120, such as soy, jatropha
oil and others. It is easily soluble in biodiesel and compatible
with common CFPP improvers.
The solution should be kept above 0 °C as crystals may pre-
cipitate below this temperature. A minimum of 1500 ppm
Baynox® plus Solution should be added right from the be-
ginning for SME, SFME, jatropha and linseed oils to avoid
costly engine failures. For biodiesel which stored over long
periods, such as for heating oil, emergency generators or ma-
rine diesel, higher treat rates are recommended. The exact
figure depends to a large extent on the application and has to
be determined in laboratory trials.
Packaging:
Baynox® plus Solution is supplied in 20 m³ road tankers and
IBCs. Baynox® plus Solution can be stored in tanks which are
of the same material and standard as tanks for biodiesel itself.
LANXESS Baynox® 12
BAYNOX® CARGO BAYNOX® ULTRA APPLICATION AND DOSING
RECOMMENDATIONS

Description: Description: ANTIOXIDANT TYPE TREAT RATE*

Baynox® Cargo is a ready to use 34 % solution of Baynox® in Baynox® Ultra is a new oxidation stabilizer which contains
mineral oil. It is a clear to yellowish liquid which remains liquid a balanced blend of strong to very strong antioxidants LOWLY UNSATURATED
down to -5 °C. (category II + III) in an environmental friendly “green” solvent.
Moreover, it contains a neutral metal chelator which is not PALM OIL
Characteristic Data: corrosive and allows for a low acid number. The amber colou- Baynox® EU Solid 200 – 400 ppm
Density 20 °C: 0.905 g/cm³ red liquid is the strongest liquid product of the Baynox® family
Baynox® Solution Solution 1000 – 2000 ppm
Flash point: 64 °C and has a high activity at low dosage. Despite an antioxidant
Viscosity kinem. (20 °C): 5 mm²/s concentration of more than 40 wt-% the solution remains Baynox® Cargo Solution 600 – 1200 ppm

Ash content: max. 0.002 % clear at temperatures down to -5 °C. RAPE/CANOLA OIL

Baynox® molten Liquid 400 – 600 ppm

Application: Characteristic Data:
Baynox® Cargo is particularly recommended for biodiesel Density 20 °C: 1.050 g/cm³ Baynox® EU Solid 400 – 600 ppm

from vegetable oils with a low content of multiple unsaturated Flash point: 140 °C Baynox® 44PD Liquid 300 – 500 ppm
fatty acids and an iodine number of < 120. It is easily soluble Cloud point: -25 °C Baynox® Solution Solution 2000 – 3000 ppm
in biodiesel and compatible with common CFPP improvers. Viscosity kinem. (20 °C) 90 mm²/s
Baynox® Cargo Solution 1200 – 1800 ppm
Ash content: max. 0.02 %
A minimum of 600 – 1200 ppm Baynox Cargo should be
®
Baynox Ultra
®
Solution 100 – 300 ppm
added right from the beginning for PME, RME, most UCOME Application: USED COOKING OILS
and animal fats to avoid costly engine failures. For biodiesel Baynox® Ultra is especially suitable for biodiesel produced
Baynox® EU Solid 200 – 600 ppm
which is stored over long periods, higher treat rates are re- from vegetable oils with a medium to high content of mul-
commended. The exact figure is highly dependent on the ap- tiple unsaturated fatty acids and iodine numbers of > 120, Baynox® Solution Solution 1000 – 3000 ppm
plication and has to be determined in laboratory trials. such as soybean and sunflower oils but also certain types of Baynox® Ultra Solution 100 – 300 ppm
used cooking oils. It is easily soluble in biodiesel and compa-
ANIMAL FAT
Packaging: tible with common CFPP improvers. Baynox® Ultra has been
Baynox® Cargo is supplied in 20 m³ road tankers and IBCs. awarded “No-harm” status by the German AGQM-Biodiesel Baynox® EU Solid 300 – 500 ppm
The storage of Baynox® Cargo can be stored in tanks which Organization. Baynox® Solution Solution 1500 – 2500 ppm
are of the same material and standard as tanks for biodiesel
Baynox® Cargo Solution 1500 – 2500 ppm
itself. As the product is highly active, low treat rates of 100 to 400
ppm Baynox® Ultra are sufficient in most cases to avoid costly
engine failures. For biodiesel which are highly unstable, e.g. HIGHLY UNSATURATED

SFME and linseed oil, higher treat rates are recommended. SOYBEAN OIL
The exact figure depends considerably on the application
Baynox® plus Solid 300 – 500 ppm
and has to be determined in laboratory trials.
Baynox® 44PD Liquid 500 – 700 ppm
Packaging: Baynox plus Solution
®
Solution 1500 – 2500 ppm
Baynox® Ultra is supplied in 200 L-drums and IBCs. Baynox®
Baynox® Ultra Solution 200 – 400 ppm
Ultra can be stored in tanks which are of the same material
and standard as tanks for biodiesel itself. SUNFLOWER OIL

Baynox® plus Solid 400 – 600 ppm

Baynox® plus Solution Solution 2000 – 3000 ppm

Baynox® Ultra Solution 300 – 700 ppm

LINSEED / FISH OIL

Baynox® plus Solution Solution > 3000 ppm

Baynox® Ultra Solution > 1000 ppm

* Treat rates (guideline) for untreated oils to achieve 8 hrs. rancimat. The exact figure
depends on the application and has to be determined in laboratory trials.
13 LANXESS Baynox® LANXESS Baynox® 14
QUALITY
IN THE BIOFUEL TANK
To get high quality biodiesel products into millions of tanks,
the quality has to be assured along the whole supply chain.
Different quality standards and regulations are in place, reflec-
ting the various base oils, production processes and usages
in the various countries. In Europe, the biodiesel standards
EN90, DIN 51628 and EN 14214 recommend antioxidant
dosages of 200 to 1000 ppm BHT or BHT equivalent. The
French B7 specification requests a minimum stabilization
of 1000 ppm BHT. In the USA, the relevant standards are
ASTM D7467 for B6-B20 and ASTM D6751 for B100.
For marine and aviation usage, industry-special standards
exist, also for heating oil which applies modified standards
from biodiesel or separate standards such as DIN V 1603-6
and EN 14213.
LANXESS has been active in the development of various
standards for biodiesel and Baynox® has become the gold
standard for many applications. It is also the reference pro-
duct for the internationally accepted no-harm list from the
German “AGQM-biodiesel” organization.
15 LANXESS Baynox®
To support the high quality requirements of the biodiesel in-
dustry, LANXESS only produces purified distilled products for
BAYNOX®
use in biodiesel and exclusively sells these products under AT A GLANCE
the Baynox® brand. The active ingredients are chemically
well defined, are not corrosive and combust completely on
ignition.

Baynox® is the gold standard for all biodiesel qualities, it
LANXESS offers technical support and free stability tests with shows outstanding performance in low dosage and effec-
biodiesel samples. We help our customers to find the best tively extends the shelf life
and most economic strategy for stabilizing biodiesel in pro- 
Baynox® is the reference product and is no-harm certified
duction and distribution. by AGQM-biodiesel

Baynox® is easily soluble in all types of biodiesel and mine-
LANXESS has supported the biodiesel industry from the very ral oils
beginning. Through our long-term, well-established partner- 
Baynox® prolongs the shelf life of biodiesel along the who-
ship with institutes, universities, producers, engineering com- le supply chain
panies and market participants, we have in-depth expertise of 
Baynox® has a flash point > 60°C, it combusts completely
biodiesel stabilization. on ignition

Baynox® allows for a broad application range from petro
diesel to most Biodiesel types and even heating oil.
For further information about Baynox® go to www.baynox.com