Conditional Statements, Iteration

• Program to print the difference of two numbers.

num1 = int(input("Enter first number: "))

num2 = int(input("Enter second number: "))
diff = num1 - num2
print("The difference of",num1,"and",num2,"is",diff)
• Output:
• Enter first number 5
• Enter second number 7
• The difference of 5 and 7 is -2
Program to print the positive difference of two numbers.
Conditional Statements
The if statement is the conditional
statement in Python. There are 3
forms of if statement:
1. Simple if statement
2. The if..else statement
3. The If..elif..else statement
 Simple if statement
• The if statement • Syntax The header of if
statement, colon
tests a condition & if <condition>: (:) at the end
in case the condition statement
is True, it carries out Body
[statements] of if
some instructions
and does nothing in • e.g.
case the condition is if amount>1000:
False. disc = amount * .10
 Example of if statement
• Write a program to find discount (10%) if amount is more than
1000.
 Program to find discount (10%) if amount is more than 1000.
Price = float(input("Enter Price of the item : "))
Qty = float(input("Enter the Qty : "))
Amt = Price* Qty
print("Amount :",Amt)
if Amt >1000: Body of if statement
disc=Amt*.10 (will be executed incase condition is true)
print("Discount is :",disc)
Output
Enter Price of the item : 500
Enter the Qty : 5
Amount : 2500.0
Discount is : 250.0
Enter Price of the item : 100
Enter the Qty ?2
Amount : 200.0
 The if-else statement
• The if - else statement • Syntax
tests a condition and if <condition> :
in case the condition statement Block 1
[statements]
is True, it carries out else :
statements indented statement
below if and in case [statements] Block 2

the condition is False, • e.g.

it carries out if amount>1000:
statement below else. disc = amount * 0.10
else:
disc = amount * 0.05
 Example of if-else statement
• Prog to find discount (10%) if amount is more than 1000,
otherwise (5%).
Price = float (input(“Enter Price ? ” ))
Qty = float (input(“Enter Qty ? ” ))
Amt = Price* Qty
print(“ Amount :” , Amt)
if Amt >1000 :
disc = Amt * .10 block 1
print(“Discount :”, disc) (will be executed incase condition is true)

else :
disc = Amt * .05 block 2
print(“Discount :”, disc) (will be executed incase condition is False)
• Program to print the positive difference of
two numbers.
• num1 = int(input("Enter first number: "))
• num2 = int(input("Enter second number: "))
• if num1 > num2:
• diff = num1 - num2
• else:
• diff = num2 - num1
• print("The difference
of",num1,"and",num2,"is",diff)
• Output:
• Enter first number: 5
• Enter second number: 6
• The difference of 5 and 6 is 1
Write a program in Python to check
whether the given number is Odd
or Even by using if else statement
 Answer
num=int(input(“Enter a Number”))
If(num%2==0):
print(“The Given number is Even”)
else:
print(“The Given Number is Odd”)
 The if..elif statement
• The if - elif statement has • Syntax
multiple test conditions and if <condition1> :
statement
in case the condition1 is Block 1
[statements]
True, it executes statements elif <condition2> :
in block1, and in case the statement
condition1 is False, it moves [statements] Block 2
to condition2, and in case elif <condition3> :
the condition2 is True, statement
[statements] Block 3
executes statements in
:
block2, so on. In case none :
of the given conditions is else :
true, then it executes the statement
statements under else block [statements]
 Example of if-elif statement
• Program to find discount (20%) if amount>3000, disc(10%) if
Amount <=3000 and >1000, otherwise (5%).
Price = float (input(“Enter Item Price : ” ))
Qty = float (input(“Enter the Quantity : ” ))
Amt = Price* Qty
print(“ The purchased Amount = ” , Amt)
if Amt >3000 :
disc = Amt * .20 block 1
print(“Discount :”, disc) (will be executed incase condition 1 is true)
elif Amt>1000 and Amt<= 3000:
disc = Amt * .10 block 2
print(“Discount :”, disc) (will be executed incase condition2 is True)
else :
block 3
disc = Amt * .05
(will be executed incase both the
print(“Discount :”, disc)
condition1 &conditon2 are False)
Write a program to create a simple
calculator performing only four basic
operations.
#Program to create a four function calculator
result = 0
val1 = float(input("Enter value 1: "))
val2 = float(input("Enter value 2: "))
op = input("Enter any one of the operator (+,-,*,/): ")
if op == "+":
result = val1 + val2
elif op == "-":
if val1 > val2:
result = val1 - val2
else:
result = val2 - val1
elif op == "*":
result = val1 * val2
elif op == "/":
if val2 == 0:
print("Error! Division by zero is not allowed. Program terminated")
else:
result = val1/val2
else:
print("Wrong input, program terminated")

print("The result is ",result)

 Nested if statement
• A nested if is an if statement that has
another if statement in its if’s body or in
elif's body or in its else’s body.
Model:1 ( if inside if’s body)
If<conditional expression>:
If<conditional expression>:
statement(s)
else:
statement(s)
elif<conditional expression>:
statement(s)
else:
statement(s)
Model:2 ( if inside elif’s body)
If<conditional expression>:
statement(s)
elif<conditional expression>:
If<conditional expression>:
statement(s)
else:
statement(s)
else:
statement(s)
Model:3 ( if inside else’s body)
If<conditional expression>:
statement(s)
elif<conditional expression>:
statement(s)
else:
If<conditional expression>:
statement(s)
else:
statement(s)
Model:4 ( if inside if’s as well as else’s or elif’s body )
If<conditional expression>:
If<conditional expression>:
statement(s)
else:
statement(s)
elif<conditional expression>:
If<conditional expression>:
statement(s)
else:
statement(s)
else:
If<conditional expression>:
statement(s)
else:
statement(s)
 Example of Nested if statement
• Program to find Largest of Three Numbers (X,Y,Z)
X = int(input("Enter Num1 : " ))
Y = int(input("Enter Num2 : " ))
Z = int(input("Enter Num3 : "))

if X > Y :
if X > Z: 10,4 , 9
Largest = X
else:
Largest = Z
else:
if Y > Z:
Largest = Y
else:
Largest = Z
print("Largest Number :",Largest)
Write Program that read three integer numbers and
print them in ascending order by using Nested if
statement.
 else:
x=int(input(“Enter the first number”))
If x<y:
y=int(input(“Enter the first number”))
min,mid,max =z,x,y
z=int(input(“Enter the first number”))
min=mid=max=None else:
If x<y and x<z min,mid,max =z,y,x
if y<z: Print(“ The givern numbers in
min,mid,max =x,y,z Ascending Order”,
else: min,mid,max)
min,mid,max =x,z,y
elif y<x and y<z:
if x<z
min,mid,max =y,x,z
else
min,mid,max = y,z,x
 Assignments
• WAP to input a Year and check whether it is a Leap year by using
if else statement.
• WAP to input a number check whether it is Positive or Negative
or ZERO by using elif statement.
• Write a Program to get 5 subject Marks of a students, and find
the grade as per following Percentage criterion: if Percentage
>=90 grade is “A” if Percentage between 75-89 grade is “B” if
Percentage between 60-74 grade is “C” and Below 60
Percentage grade is “D” by using if..elif statement.
 What is leap year

• a year that is evenly divisible by 100 ,400 is a leap

year.
For this reason, the following years are not leap
years:
• 1700, 1800, 1900, 2100, 2200, 2300, 2500, 2600
This is because they are evenly divisible by 100 but
not by 400.
The following years are leap years: 1600, 2000, 2400
• This is because they are evenly divisible by both
100 and 400.
# Check whether a number is positive, negative, or
zero.
number = int(input("Enter a number: "))
if number > 0:
print("Number is positive")
elif number < 0:
print("Number is negative")
else:
print("Number is zero")
 ITERATION /LOOPING
• The Iteration statements allow a set of instructions to be
performed repeatedly a certain condition is fulfilled. The
Iteration statements are called loops or looping
statements.
• Python provides two types of looping statement
a) for loop
b) while loop

• for loop is called counting loop

• while loop- is called conditional loop
For loop
 The for Loop
List or a String
• Syntax : How many times
for <Var> in <Sequence> :
Statements to repeat
Program to print the characters in the string
“PYTHON” using for loop.

for letter in 'PYTHON':

print(letter)
Output:
P
Y
T
H
O
N
#Print the given sequence of numbers using for loop
count = [10,20,30,40,50]
for num in count:
print(num)
Output:
10
20
30
40
50
Program to print even numbers in a given sequence using for
loop.
numbers = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
for num in numbers:
if (num % 2) == 0:
print(num,'is an even Number')
Output:
2 is an even Number
4 is an even Number
6 is an even Number
8 is an even Number
10 is an even Number
 Range() Function

The range() is a built-in function in Python.

Syntax of range() function is:
range([start], stop[, step])

It is used to create a list containing a sequence

of integers from the given start value up to stop
value (excluding stop value), with a difference
of the given step value
 The range() function
• range( 1 , n):
will produce a list having
values starting from 1,2,3…
upto n-1.
The default step size is 1
• range( 1 , n, 2):
will produce a list having
values starting from 1,3,5…
upto n-1.
The step size is 2
1) range( 1 , 7): will produce
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
2) range( 1 , 9, 2): will produce
1, 3, 5, 7.
3) range( 5, 1, -1): will produce
5, 4, 3, 2.
3) range(5): will produce
0,1,2,3,4.
default start value is 0
Example
#start and step not specified
>>> list(range(10))
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
#default step value is 1
>>> list(range(2, 10))
[2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
#step value is 5
>>> list(range(0, 30, 5))
[0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25]
#step value is -1. Hence, decreasing
#sequence is generated
>>> list(range(0, -9, -1) )
[0, -1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8]
 Range function() with for Loop
Starting Ending Step
• Syntax : value value value

for <Var> in range (val1, val2, Val3):

Statements to be repeated
 for loop implementation
Sum=0 Sum=0
for i in range(1, 11): For i in range(10, 1, -2):
print(i) print(i)
Sum=Sum + i Sum=Sum + i
print(“Sum of Series”, Sum) print(“Sum of Series”, Sum)
OUTPUT: OUTPUT:
1 10
2 8
: :
10 2
Sum of Series: 55 Sum of Series: 30
Write a program to check the given
number is PRIME or NOT by using
for loop:
 Prime numbers

• In math, prime numbers are whole numbers greater

than 1, that have only two factors –> 1 and the
number itself.
• Prime numbers are divisible only by the number 1
or itself.

• For example, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 11 are the first few prime

numbers.
Prog to check the given number is PRIME or
NOT by using for loop:
num= int(input(“Enter Num?”))
for i in range(2, num//2+1):
if num%i == 0:
print(“It is Prime No.”)
break
else:
print(“It is Not a Prime No.”)

Note: the else clause of a loop will be

executed only when the loop
terminates normally (not when
break statement terminates the
loop)
// -- floor division
 Nested for Loop
for i in range ( 1, 6 ):
print( )
for j in range (1, i + 1):
print(“@”, end=“ ”)

# end = “ ” appends space instead of newline.

Will produce following output

@
@@
@@@
@@@@
@@@@@
 WHILE LOOP
• The while loop statement executes a block of code
repeatedly as long as the control condition of the
loop is true.
• When this condition becomes false, the statements
in the body of loop are not executed and the
control is transferred to the statement immediately
following the body of while loop.
• If the condition of the while loop is initially false,
the body is not executed even once.
 The while Loop syntax
• It is a conditional loop, which repeats the statements with in itself as
long as condition is true.
• The general form of while loop is:
while <condition> :
Statement while loop body
[Statements] (these statements repeated until
condition becomes false)
Example 1
counter=1
while counter<=5:
print ("welcome")
counter=counter+1
Output
welcome
welcome
welcome
welcome
welcome
• #Print first 5 natural numbers using while loop

count = 1
while count <= 5:
print(count)
count += 1

Output:
1
2
3
4
5
Write a program to find the Sum of series by using
while loop
Example: OUTPUT
k = 1, sum=0 1
while k <= 4 : 2
print (k) 3
sum=sum + k 4
print(“Sum of series:”, sum) Sum of series: 10
Program to calculate the factorial of a number by using while loop

number=int(input("Enter a Number : ")) 5

fact=1
counter=1
while counter<=number:
fact=fact*counter
counter=counter+1
print("The factorial of ",number,"is",fact)
 What is factorial
The factorial function (symbol: !) says to multiply all
whole numbers from our chosen number down to 1.
Examples:
4! = 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 24
So the rule is:
n! = n × (n−1)!
• Which says "the factorial of any number is that
number times the factorial of (that number minus
1)"
So
• 10! = 10 × 9!, ... and
• 125! = 125 × 124!, etc.
#Find the factors of a number using while loop

num = int(input("Enter a number to find its factor: "))

print (1, end=' ') #1 is a factor of every number
factor = 2
while factor <= num/2 :
if num % factor == 0:
#the optional parameter end of print function specifies the
delimeter
#blank space(' ') to print next value on same line
print(factor, end=' ')
factor += 1
print (num, end=' ') #every number is a factor of itself
Output:
Enter a number to find its factors : 6
1236