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Sentence Dictionary

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
274 views20 pages

Sentence Dictionary

Uploaded by

sselmtpdr
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

T&G world (http://my.dreamwiz.

com/kwon2100) -권기범
박정 어학원에서 구한 자료입니다

defiance bold resistance to an opposing force or authority; Intentionally contemptuous

behavior or attitude; readiness to contend or resist.

(권위적대자 등에 대한) 과감한 저항, 대담한 반항; 도전: 공공연한 무시, 경멸

vital 1. Of, relating to, or characteristic of life.

2. Necessary to the continuation of life; life-sustaining

3. Full of life; animated

4. Imparting life or animation; invigorating

5. Necessary to continued existence or effectiveness; essential:

1 생명의; 생명에 관한; 생명을 맡은, 생명의 원천인; 생명의 유지에 필요한.

2 활기 있는, 기운찬, 활발한, 생기에 넘치는.

3 불가결한, (…에) 필수적인, 긴요한; 매우 중대[중요]한, 다시 없는

rueful 1. Inspiring pity or compassion.

2. Causing, feeling, or expressing sorrow or regret.

1 <상태광경 등이> 가엾은, 안쓰러운, 애처로운(pitiable).

2 <사람표정 등이> 슬퍼 보이는, 침울한. 후회하는, 뉘우치는

ingenuous 1. Lacking in sophistication or worldliness; artless.

2. Openly straightforward or frank; candid.

1 <사람의견 등이> 솔직한, 숨김없는, 성실한. an ∼ opinion 솔직한 의견.

2 <사람행위가> 순진한, 천진한, 꾸밈없는.

solicitous 1. a. Anxious or concerned b. Expressing care or concern

2. Full of desire; eager.

3. Extremely careful; meticulous:

1 염려[걱정]하는(concerned)

2 간절히 원하는[바라는](anxiously desirous); 노상 (…하려고) 하는

3 <사람이> 세심한, 꼼꼼한.

vindictive 1. Disposed to seek revenge; revengeful.

2. Marked by or resulting from a desire to hurt; spiteful.

1 <사람이> 복수심을 품은, 원한[앙심] 깊은, 집념이 강한(revengeful).

2 <사물이> 복수심에서 비롯된, <행위가> 앙심 깊음을 나타내는

dispassionate Devoid of or unaffected by passion, emotion, or bias..

감정에 좌우되지 않는, 냉정한; 선입관[편견] 없는, 공평한.

unwitting 1. Not knowing; unaware: an unwitting subject in an experiment.

2. Not intended; unintentional: an unwitting admission of guilt.

1 모르는; 무의식적인, (…을) 알아채지 못한(unknowing, unconscious)

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2 고의가 아닌, 실수로 저지른, 무심코 한.

resolve 1. To make a firm decision about.

2. To decide or express by formal vote.

4. To separate (something) into constituent parts..

5. To change or convert: My resentment resolved itself into resignation.

6. To find a solution to; solve

7. To remove or dispel (doubts).

8. To bring to a usually successful conclusion: resolve a conflict.

1 …을 결정하다; <…하기로> 결심하다;

2 <사물을> (구성 요소로) 분해[분석]하다

3 <종종 재귀 용법> <사물을> (…으로) 바꾸다, 변화시키다

4 <문제곤란 등을> 해결하다(settle, solve); <…을> 설명하다,

5 <의심 등을> 해소[제거]하다(dispel, clear up).

maverick 1. An unbranded range animal, especially a calf that has become separated from

its mother, traditionally considered the property of the first person who

brands it.

2. One that refuses to abide by the dictates of or resists adherence to a group; a

dissenter.

Adj) Being independent in thought and action or exhibiting such independence:

maverick politicians; a maverick decision.

1 <美남서부> 소유자 표시의 낙인이 없는 소; (특히) 어미소에서 떨어진 낙인 없는

송아지.

2 어느 파에도 속하지 않는 정치가[예술가, 조직 등]; 독불 장군

authoritative 1. Having or arising from authority; official: an authoritative decree

2. Of acknowledged accuracy or excellence; highly reliable: an authoritative

account of the revolution.

3. Wielding authority; commanding

1 <자료방법 등이> 권위있는, 믿을 만한

2 정당한 권한을 가진, 정식의; 당국의.

3 <사람태도 등이> 무조건 복종시키는, 고압적인, 명령조의.

articulate 1. Composed of distinct, meaningful syllables or words, as human speech.

3. Expressing oneself easily in clear and effective language: an articulate

speaker.

4. Characterized by the use of clear, expressive language: an articulate essay.

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Verb) 1. To pronounce distinctly and carefully; enunciate.

2. To utter (a speech sound) by making the necessary movements of the speech

organs.

3. To express in coherent verbal form; give words to: couldn't articulate my

fears.

1 <말이> 똑똑히 발음된, 분절적(分節的)인.

2 똑똑한, 명확[분명]한. 3 말을 할 수 있는.

autonomous 1. Not controlled by others or by outside forces; independent

2. Independent in mind or judgment; self-directed.

[행정] 자치권[제]의[이 있는], 자치의, 자율적인.

outmoded 1. Not in fashion; unfashionable: outmoded attire; outmoded ideas.

2. No longer usable or practical; obsolete: outmoded machinery.

시대[유행]에 뒤떨어진

prototype 1. An original type, form, or instance that serves as a model on which later stages are

based or judged.

2. An early, typical example. 3. Biology. A primitive or ancestral form or species.

1 원형; 본, 표준, 모범. 2 (어떤 것의) 옛날의 유사물. 3 [生] 원형(archetype).

sheer 1. Thin, fine, and transparent: sheer curtains; sheer chiffon

2. a. Completely such, without qualification or exception: sheer stupidity; sheer

happiness. b. Free from admixture or adulterants; unmixed: sheer alcohol. c.

Considered or operating apart from anything else: got the job through sheer

persistence.

3. Almost perpendicular; steep: sheer rock cliffs.

1 전적인, 완전한. 2 순수한, 섞은 것이 없는, 물을 타지 않은(undiluted).

3 험한, 깎아지른 듯한(steep); 거의 수직인. 4 얇고 비치는 <직물 등>.

exploit 1. To employ to the greatest possible advantage: exploit one's talents.

2. To make use of selfishly or unethically: a country that exploited peasant labor

3. To advertise; promote.

1 …을 (이익영리를 위해) 이용[활용]하다; …을 (이기적 목적을 위해) 부당하게

사용하다, 착복하다; …을 착취하다.

2 <자원시장 등을> 개발[개척]하다; <판매를> (선전을 통해) 촉진하다, 판촉하다.

quantifiable Able to determine or express the quantity of.

…의 분량을 정할 수 있는, …을 정량화 할 수 있는

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inexhaustible That cannot be entirely consumed or used up; Never wearying; tireless

다 쓸 수 없는, 무진장의 ; 지칠 줄 모르는, 끈기 있는(tireless)

supersede 1. To take the place of; replace.

2. To cause to be set aside, especially to displace as inferior or antiquated

1 …에 대신하다, …의 자리를 빼앗다, …을 밀어내다; <사람물건을> (…과) 대체하다

2 <남의> 대신 들어앉다, 대신 취임하다.

disparate Fundamentally distinct or different in kind; entirely dissimilar.

이종(異種)의, 본질적으로 다른. ∼ views 본질적으로 다른 견해.

dubious 1. Fraught with uncertainty or doubt; undecided.

2. Arousing doubt; doubtful: a dubious distinction.

3. Of questionable character: dubious profits.

1 <말 등이> (그 진의가) 의심스러운, 분명치 않은, 모호한(ambiguous).

2 <사람성질행위가> 수상한, 의심스러운; (진실성 등이) 의문인, 의심쩍은.

3 <경과결과가> 어떻게 될지 모르는, 미덥지 않은, 불안한.

4 <서술 용법> <사람이> (…에) 반신 반의하는; 수상쩍게 생각하는, 의심하는

tranquil 1. Free from commotion or disturbance

2. Free from anxiety, tension, or restlessness; composed.

3. Steady; even: a tranquil flame.

<장소환경이> 고요한, 평온한(serene) ; <마음태도 등이> 조용한, 차분한, 침착한.

serene 1. Unaffected by disturbance; calm and unruffled

2. Unclouded; fair: serene skies and a bright blue sea.

<바다풍경 등이> 조용한, 고요한, 잔잔한; <사람생활정신 등이> 차분한, 안정된,

평온한(calm, tranquil), 평화로운; <하늘이> 맑게 갠, 청명한(clear); <날씨가> 좋은,

화창한(fair).

Synonyms: calm, tranquil, placid, serene, halcyon, peaceful.

agitate 1. To cause to move with violence or sudden force.

2. To upset; disturb: was agitated by the alarming news.

3. To arouse interest in (a cause, for example) by use of the written or spoken

word; debate.

1 <액체를> 휘젓다, 교반(攪拌)하다, <파도 등을> 출렁이게 하다; <물건을> 규칙적으로

움직이다.

2 <남을> (…으로) 동요[흥분]시키다, 격앙시키다, 선동하다, <마음을> 뒤흔들다,

교란하다(disturb)

3 …을 왈가왈부하다, 토론하다; …에게 (연설서적 등으로) 주의를 환기시키다.

innocuous 1. Having no adverse effect; harmless.

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2. Not likely to offend or provoke to strong emotion; insipid.

<약뱀 등이> 무해[무독]한(harmless); <행위진술 등이> 거슬리지 않는, 불쾌감을 주지

않는; 재미없는, 지루한.

crucial Extremely significant or important: Vital to the resolution of a crisis; decisive

결정적인(decisive); 매우 중대[중요]한.

devastate 1. To lay waste; destroy. 2. To overwhelm; confound; stun

<국토 등을> 황폐시키다, 유린하다; …을 압도하다, 무찌르다, <사람 등을> 꺾이게 하다.

detrimental Causing damage or harm; injurious.

<사물 등이> (…에) 해로운, 이롭지 못한

pristine 1. a. Remaining in a pure state; uncorrupted by civilization. b. Remaining free

from dirt or decay; clean: pristine mountain snow.

2. Of, relating to, or typical of the earliest time or condition; primitive or

original.

1 <文> (순수성이 아직 유지되고 있었던) 초기의, 원시 시대[상태]의(primitive).

2 순박한, 천진한, 오염되지 않은.

disinterested 1. Free of bias and self-interest; impartial

2. a. Not interested; indifferent, b. Having lost interest.

1 공평 무사한, 사욕[사심] 없는, 청렴한. 2 <口> (…에) 관심[흥미]이 없는, 냉담한

reinforce 1. To give more force or effectiveness to; strengthen: 2. To strengthen (a

military force) with additional personnel or equipment.

3. To strengthen by adding extra support or material.

4. To increase the number or amount of; augment.

1 …을 (…으로) 보강하다; <군대 등을> (…으로) 강화[증강]하다; <논의말 등을> (…

으로) 한층 강력하게[효과적으로]하다

2 <공급 등을> 늘리다, <건강을> 증진시키다.

validate 1. To declare or make legally valid.

2. To mark with an indication of official sanction.

3. To establish the soundness of; corroborate.

1 …의 정당성을 입증하다, 실증[확증]하다; …을 유효하게 하다. My passport was ∼d

for five years. 내 여권은 5년간 유효했다.

2 …을 법적으로 유효하게 하다; …을 인가[허가]하다, 비준하다.

exterminate To get rid of by destroying completely; extirpate.

박멸하다, 몰살[근절]하다, 전멸[멸종]시키다.

compromise 1. To settle by concessions.

2. To expose or make liable to danger, suspicion, or disrepute

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1 <분쟁 등을> 타협하여 해결하다, 양보하다.

2 <신용명성평판 등을> 위태롭게 하다, 손상하다, 더럽히다.

resuscitate To restore consciousness, vigor, or life to..

1 …을 되살리다, (인공 호흡등으로) 소생시키다, <남의> 의식을 회복시키다.

2 …을 부활시키다, 부흥하다.

fabricate 1. To make; create.

2. To construct by combining or assembling diverse, typically standardized

parts: fabricate small boats.

3. To concoct in order to deceive: fabricated an excuse.

1 …을 제작[건조]하다; <제품을> 조립하다, <부품 등을> 조립하다

2 <이야기거짓말을> 꾸며내다, 조작하다; <문서를> 위조하다(forge).

flout To show contempt for; scorn: flout a law; behavior that flouted convention.. <

사람권위전통조언 등을> 경멸하다, 비웃다, 멸시하여 따르지 않다.

n. 경멸적인 말[태도], 모욕.

frivolous 1. Unworthy of serious attention; trivial: a frivolous novel.

2. Inappropriately silly

1 시시한, 하찮은. 2 천박한, 경망스러운.

willful 1. Said or done on purpose; deliberate, intentional

2. Obstinately bent on having one's own way.

1 <언행이> 계획[의도]적인, 고의의 2 <사람성격이> 고집센, 옹고집의.

tailor 1. To make (a garment), especially to specific requirements or measurements.

2. To fit or provide (a person) with clothes made to that person's

measurements.

3. To make, alter, or adapt for a particular end or purpose: a speech that was

tailored to an audience of business leaders.

1 <옷을> (남에게) 맞추어 짓다 ; <남에게> 옷을 맞추다, 짓다.

2 <안(案)행동 등을> (목적기호 등에) 적응시키다, 맞추다, …을 (남에게) 맞추다

3 <여성복을> 남성복식으로 짓다; <제복을> 주문에 의해 만들다; <기성의 제복을> 몸에

맞도록 고치다.

substitute To put or use (a person or thing) in place of another, To take the place of another

…을 대신하다, 대용하다

expendable 1. Subject to use or consumption: an expendable source.

2. Not worth salvaging or reusing: expendable rocket boosters.

3. Not strictly necessary; dispensable: expendable personnel.

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4. Open to sacrifice in the interests of gaining an objective, especially a military

one: expendable civilian targets.

<물품 등이> 소비해도 되는; 소모하는;[軍] 희생시켜도 되는.

ambivalence 1. The coexistence of opposing attitudes or feelings, such as love and hate,

toward a person, an object, or an idea.

2. Uncertainty or indecisiveness as to which course to follow.

[心] 양면 가치, 이중 경향. 동일한 대상에 대하여 상반되는 감정이 동시에 존재하는 일;

마음의 동요.

circumspect Heedful of circumstances and potential consequences; prudent.

신중한, 조심성이 많은; 깊이 생각하는, 용의 주도한

marginal 1. Of, relating to, located at, or constituting a margin, a border, or an edge

2. Being adjacent geographically: states marginal to Canada.

3. Written or printed in the margin of a book: marginal notes.

4. Barely within a lower standard or limit of quality: marginal writing ability

5. Economics. a. Having to do with enterprises that produce goods or are

capable of producing goods at a rate that barely covers production costs. b.

Relating to commodities thus manufactured and sold.

1 가장자리의, 가[끝]의, 경계의; 변경의, 변경에 사는.

2 여백의, 여백에 기입된, 난외의.

3 (최저의) 한계에 가까운, 불충분한. a ∼ existence 간신히 살아가는 생활. a ∼ skill

최소한의 기술.

4 <토지가> 경작에 부적당한, 생산성이 거의 없는.

5 [經] 한계 수익점의, 간신히 수지 맞추는.

subsidize 1. To assist or support with a subsidy.

2. To secure the assistance of by granting a subsidy.

<정부가> …에 교부[보조, 장려]금을 지급하다;(보수금을 지불하고) 원조를 얻다.

discredit 1. To damage in reputation; disgrace.

2. To cause to be doubted or distrusted.

3. To refuse to believe.

1 …을 믿을 수 없는 것으로 간주하다, …의 신용을 손상하다; …의 신용[평판]을

떨어뜨리다(disgrace). The scandal disastrously ∼ed the mayor.

2 …을 신용하지 않다, 믿지 않다, 의심하다.

condescend 1. To descend to the level of one considered inferior; lower oneself.

2. To deal with people in a patronizingly superior manner.

1. (상대방을 멸시하는 태도로) (…)하다, 생색내며 (…)하다, (…에 대하여) 일부러 자기를

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낮추는 태도로 (…)하다, 높은 데서 내려다보다 . She ∼ed to speak to me.

2 자기를 낮추어[겸손하게] (…)하다, 으스대지[뽐내지] 않고 (…)하다. The queen ∼ed

to eat with beggars.

precursor 1. One that precedes and indicates, suggests, or announces someone or

something to come: Opposition by colonists to unfair taxation by the British

was a precursor of the Revolution.

2. One that precedes another; a forerunner or predecessor

선구자, 선각자(forerunner);전조, 조짐; 예고(presage).

provisional Provided or serving only for the time being; temporary.

1 임시의, 잠정적인, 일시적인 a ∼ agreement[treaty] 가(假)협정[조약]. a ∼

government 임시정부.

2 조건부의(conditional).

antiquated 1. Too old to be fashionable, suitable, or useful; outmoded.

2. Very old; aged:

<기계생각 등이> 시대에 뒤진, 한물 간 ; <언행 등이> 낡은; <사람이> 노령의; <사람

사물이> 구식의, 고루한.

circumvent 1. To surround (an enemy, for example); enclose or entrap.

2. To go around; bypass: circumvented the city.

3. To avoid or get around by artful maneuvering: She planned a way to

circumvent all the bureaucratic red tape.

1. …을 (계략을 써서) 포위하다; …을 함정에 빠뜨리다; <남을> (악위험 등으로)

둘러싸다, 에워싸다 . She was ∼ed with villains.

2. …을 돌다, 우회하다; <문제실패 등을> 피하다, 모면하다; <법망을> 뚫다; <남의 계략

등을> 선수를 쳐서 망쳐 놓다; <계획 등을> 방해하다, 망쳐 놓다. The plan was ∼ed by his

veto.

contest 1. To compete or strive for.

2. To call into question and take an active stand against; dispute or challenge

(…과) 논쟁하다, 논의하다; 다투다, 겨루다, 싸우다; 경쟁하다

repeal To revoke or rescind, especially by an official or formal act.

을 (정식으로) 취소[철회]하다(cancel);<법률세금 등을> 폐기[폐지]하다, 무효로 하다

(annul).

univocal Having only one meaning; unambiguous.

오직 하나의 뜻밖에 가지지 않는; 의미가 명확한.

erroneous Containing or derived from error; mistaken: erroneous conclusions.

<판단학설 등이> 잘못된, 틀린.

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intractable 1. Difficult to manage or govern; stubborn.

2. Difficult to mold or manipulate: intractable materials.

3. Difficult to alleviate, remedy, or cure: intractable pain.

1 고분고분[유순]하지 않은; 다루기 힘드는, 고집센; <병 등이> 고치기 어려운.

2 <물건이> 처리[가공]하기 어려운(unmanageable).

congruent Corresponding; congruous.

(…과) 들어맞는, 적합한, 부합하는, 조화된.His actions were not ∼ with his words.

multifaceted Having many facets or aspects.

다면적인, 복잡한

vapid 1. Lacking liveliness, animation, or interest; dull: vapid conversation.

2. Lacking taste, zest, or flavor; flat: vapid beer.

1 <음료 등이> 맛[풍미]없는, 김 빠진(flat).

2 <말문장 등이> 생기[활기] 없는; 지루한, 재미없는, 시시한(dull).

pell-mell 1. In a jumbled, confused manner

2. In frantic, disorderly haste; headlong

난잡하게, 뒤죽박죽으로; 황급히, 허둥지둥, 무모하게.

(a) <물건이> 난잡한, 뒤섞인, 뒤죽박죽의; <사람이> 황급한, 매우 당황한.

restless 1. Marked by a lack of quiet, repose, or rest: spent a restless night.

2. Not able to rest, relax, or be still: a restless child.

3. Never still or motionless: the restless sea.

<사람기분 등이> 가만히 있지 않는, 침착하지 못한, 불안한(uneasy); 편안히 못자는; <사물

등이> 정지하고 있지 않은, 항상 움직이는; <사람 등이> 활동적인.

resilient 1. Marked by the ability to recover readily, as from misfortune.

2. Capable of returning to an original shape or position, as after having been

compressed.

<물체가> 되튀는; 탄력이 있는; <사람성격 등이> (병역경 등으로부터) 곧 회복하는, 곧

기운을 차리는, 쾌활한.

quiescent Being quiet, still, or at rest; inactive.

조용한; 활발하지 않은(inactive); <병이> 가라앉은; 정지(靜止) 중인.

versatile 1. Capable of doing many things competently.

2. Having varied uses or serving many functions

3. Variable or inconstant; changeable

1 <사람성격재능이> 여러 방면에 능한, 다재 다능한; 융통성 있는

2 <도구물건이> 용도가 많은, 만능의.

3 <마음목적정책 등이> 변하기 쉬운, 불안정한; 변덕스러운.

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lethargy 1. A state of sluggishness, inactivity, and apathy.

2. A state of unconsciousness resembling deep sleep.

기면성(嗜眠性); 무기력, 활발하지 못함.

facetious Playfully jocular; humorous: facetious remarks.

진지하지 않은; 익살맞은, 우스운; 까부는, 경박한.

repudiate 1. To reject the validity or authority of

2. To reject emphatically as unfounded, untrue, or unjust: repudiated the

accusation.

3. To refuse to recognize or pay: repudiate a debt.

1 …을 물리치다, 부인[거절]하다.

2 <처자식 등을> 버리다, 인연을 끊다. ∼ a child 자식을 버리다.

3 <국가 등이> …의 지불을 거부하다.

recapitulate To repeat in concise form, To make a summary.

…을 요약하다, 개괄하다(summarize).

polarize 1. To induce polarization in; impart polarity to.

2. To cause to concentrate about two conflicting or contrasting positions.

<빛을> 편광시키다; …에 극성을 띠게 하다;<의견입장사람을> 대립[분극화]시키다;

<사상을> 편향시키다

v.i. 양[음]극화하다; 분극하다; 대립[분열]하다.

unscathed Not injured or harmed: escaped the hurricane unscathed.

상처가 없는.

intact Remaining sound, entire, or uninjured; not impaired in any way.

손상되지 않은, 온전한, 원래대로의; 변하지[줄지] 않은, 영향 받지 않은.

impugn To attack as false or questionable; challenge in argument: impugn a political

opponent's record.

<남의 언동성격 등을> 비난[공격]하다, 논박하다; …에 의심[이론]을 표명하다, (잘못이라

하여) 이의를 제기하다.

tarnish 1. To dull the luster of; discolor, especially by exposure to air or dirt.

2. a. To detract from or spoil; taint. b. To cast aspersions on; sully

1 …을 흐리게 하다(discolor), 변색시키다, 바래게 하다(fade).

2 …의 순수성을 손상시키다; <명성 등을> 더럽히다(stain).

formidable 1. Arousing fear, dread, or alarm: the formidable prospect of major surgery.

2. Inspiring awe, admiration, or wonder

3. Difficult to undertake, surmount, or defeat: a formidable challenge; a

formidable opponent.

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(특히 전투거래 등에서) 무서운, 만만찮은; 용기를 꺾는, 몸이 얼어붙는 듯한, 겁먹게

하는, 위협적인; <문제가> 해답이 곤란한; <적이> 무찌르지 못할 것 같은

ferocious Extremely savage; fierce; Marked by unrelenting intensity; extreme: ferocious

heat.

<짐승사람행동용모가> 사나운, 포악[흉포]한, 잔인한; <욕심정력더위 등이>

대단한, 맹렬한, 굉장한.

stylize 1. To restrict or make conform to a particular style.

2. To represent conventionally; conventionalize.

<표현수법 등을> 어떤 특정한 틀에 박히게 하다, 양식화하다; …을 인습화하다.

bequeath 1. Law. To leave or give (property) by will.

2. To pass (something) on to another; hand down

[法] <A(사람)에게 B(동산)를> 유언으로 증여하다, 유증하다 ; <A(후세 사람)에게 B(작품 등)

를> 남기다, 전하다.

rationalize To make rational; To interpret from a rational standpoint.

…을 합리적으로 설명하다[다루다] ;<자기의 행위의견 등을> 합리화하다, 도리에 맞추다.

He tried to ∼ his foolish actions.

tangential 1. Of, relating to, or moving along or in the direction of a tangent.

2. Merely touching or slightly connected.

3. Only superficially relevant; divergent: a tangential remark.

[數] 접선의[방향에 있는]; 거의 관계가 없는; 약간 닿을 뿐인; <이야기 등이> 탈선하는

(digressive), 주제를 벗어난.

spurious Lacking authenticity or validity in essence or origin; not genuine; false.

가짜의; [生] 의사(擬似)의

contravene 1. To act or be counter to; violate: contravene a direct order.

2. To oppose in argument; gainsay: contravened the proposal.

…과 모순되다[충돌하다]; <진술원칙 등을> 반대[반박]하다; <법률관례규정 등을>

깨뜨리다, 위반하다.

avert 1. To turn away: avert one's eyes.

2. To ward off (something about to happen); prevent: averted an accident by

turning sharply.

<얼굴시선생각을> (…으로부터) 돌리다, 피하다; <불행재난어려운 사태 등이>

생기는 것을 막다[피하다].

proliferate 1. To grow or multiply by rapidly producing new tissue, parts, cells, or offspring.

2. To increase or spread at a rapid rate: fears that nuclear weapons might

proliferate.

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[生] (세포 분열 등에 의해) 증식하다[시키다]; 만연하다; (…을) 풍부하게 만들어내다.

ardor Fiery intensity of feeling; Strong enthusiasm or devotion; zeal

열정; (…에 대한) 열의, 열심

Synonyms: passion, fervor, fire, zeal, ardor.

enigmatic Of or resembling an enigma; puzzling, ambiguous : a professor's enigmatic

grading system.

수수께끼 같은, 불가사의한, 정체를 알 수 없는.

Synonyms: ambiguous, equivocal, obscure, recondite, abstruse, vague, cryptic,

enigmatic.

coalesce To grow together; fuse; To come together so as to form one whole; unite: The

rebel units coalesced into one army to fight the invaders.

합체하다; <당그룹 등이> 합병하여 (…이) 되다 ; (…과) 연합하다; <여러 개념 등이>

융합하다.

Synonyms: mix, blend, mingle, coalesce, merge, amalgamate, fuse.

dissipate 1. To drive away; disperse.

2. To attenuate to or almost to the point of disappearing: The wind finally

dissipated the smoke.

3. a. To spend or expend intemperately or wastefully; squander. b. To use up,

especially recklessly; exhaust: dissipated their energy.

4. To cause to lose (energy, such as heat) irreversibly.

…을 분산시키다, 흩뜨리다, 쫓아버리다; <걱정우울 등을> 일소하다; …을 낭비하다.

momentous Of utmost importance; of outstanding significance or consequence

<사물이> 중요[중대]한

diversify To give variety to; vary: diversify a menu; To spread out activities or

investments, especially in business.

…을 다양화하다, 여러 가지로 변화시키다; <투자를> 다각적으로 하다.

tepid 1. Moderately warm; lukewarm.

2. Lacking in emotional warmth or enthusiasm; halfhearted

<액체가> 미지근한(lukewarm); 열의 없는.

categorical 1. Being without exception or qualification; absolute.

2. a. Of or relating to a category or categories. b. According to or using

categories: a categorical arrangement of specimens.

[論] 정언(定言)[단언]적인; <삼단 논법이> 정언적 명제를 가지는;절대적인, 무제한

무조건의; 명확한. My answer is a ∼ "no".

effusion 1. a. The act or an instance of effusing. b. Liquid or other matter poured forth.

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2. An unrestrained outpouring of feeling, as in speech or writing

(액체 등의) 유출; 유출물; (감정말 등의) 분출, 발로; 감정적 표현; 내뿜어진[내뱉은] 말

dichotomy Division into two usually contradictory parts or opinions

이분, 양분; [論] 이분법, 이항 대립

reciprocity A reciprocal condition or relationship; A mutual or cooperative interchange of

favors or privileges, especially the exchange of rights or privileges of trade

between nations.

상호 의존 (상태); 상호 관계; 상호 이익, 호혜주의.

substantiate 1. To support with proof or evidence; verify: substantiate an accusation.

2. a. To give material form to; embody. b. To make firm or solid.

3. To give substance to; make real or actual.

확증[입증]하다; 구체화하다, 실현시키다.

dampen To make damp; To deaden, restrain, or depress

<물건을> 축축하게 하다; <활력열의행동을> 무디게 하다, 둔화시키다, 꺾다; 낙담케[풀

죽게] 하다.

elucidate To make clear or plain, especially by explanation; clarify.

<일뜻 등을> 밝히다, 해명[설명]하다.

rekindle 1. To relight (a fire).

2. To revive or renew: rekindled an old interest in the sciences.

(…에) 다시 불을 붙이다; 다시 불이 붙다; <흥미 등을[이]> 다시 돋우다[돋다].

entangle 1. To twist together or entwine into a confusing mass; snarl.

2. To complicate; confuse.

3. To involve in or as if in a tangle.

<실그물 등을> 얽히게 하다; <옷 등을> (…에) 걸리게 하다 ; <남을> (골치아픈 일 등에)

말려들게 하다 ;난처[당황]하게 하다; <문제 등을> 알수 없게[복잡하게] 하다, 얽히게

하다.

reinstate 1. To bring back into use or existence.

2. To restore to a previous condition or position.

을 원상태로 회복시키다; <남을> (원래의 지위직장상태로) 복귀시키다 ; …을 수복(修

復)[복원]하다.

decipher 1. To read or interpret (ambiguous, obscure, or illegible matter).

2. To convert from a code or cipher to plain text; decode.

<희미해진 문자 등을> 판독하다; <난해한 문장 등의> 뜻을 파악하다. ∼ an ancient script;

<암호를> 해독[번역]하다.

schematic Of, relating to, or in the form of a scheme or diagram.

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개요[도식]의, 도식적인.

cogent Appealing to the intellect or powers of reasoning; convincing: a cogent

argument.

<이론논의 등이> 설득력이 있는; 적절한, 정곡을 찌른.

eclectic 1. Selecting or employing individual elements from a variety of sources,

systems, or styles: an eclectic taste in music; an eclectic approach to

managing the economy.

2. Made up of or combining elements from a variety of sources

1 <특히 기술자예술가 등이> 각종 재료를 음미[취사 선택]하는.

2 <작품 등이> 취사 선택하여 만들어진[편집된]. an ∼ program[anthology]

3 <철학의학 등이> 절충주의의, 절충파의; <예술(작품)이> 절충주의의.

4 <취미의견 등이> 한쪽에 치우치지 않는, 다방면에 걸친.

nonplus To put at a loss as to what to think, say, or do; bewilder.

<남을> 몹시 난처하게 만들다, 어찌 할 바를 모르게 하다(perplex), 어리둥절케 하다.

obsequious Full of or exhibiting servile compliance; fawning.

<태도 등이> 아부하는, 추종하는.

intransigent Refusing to moderate a position, especially an extreme position; uncompromising.

타협[양보]하지 않는; 완고한, 협조하지 않는

deferential Marked by or exhibiting deference.

정중한, 공손한.

negligent 1. Characterized by or inclined to neglect, especially habitually.

2. Characterized by careless ease or informality; casual.

(근무의무 등을) 게을리하는, 태만한; 부주의한, 등한한; 무관심한; (행위 등이) 되는 대로

하는, 소홀한

Synonyms: negligent, derelict, lax, neglectful, remiss, slack.

apprehension 1. Fearful or uneasy anticipation of the future; dread.

2. The act of seizing or capturing; arrest.

3. The ability to apprehend or understand; understanding.

(재난역경 등에 대한) 불안, 걱정, 두려움; 이해(력), 터득; 견해, 의견

parallel Being an equal distance apart everywhere:

<선면 등이> (…에) 평행인; 같은 방향[진로, 경향, 성질]의, (…에) 대응[상당, 일치]하는

(comparable), (…과) 유사한(similar)

overshadow 1. To cast a shadow over; darken or obscure.

2. To make insignificant by comparison; dominate.

1. 의 그림자를 희미하게 하다, …을 볼품 없게 보이게 하다. He was ∼ed by his illustrious

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father.

2 …에 그림자를 던지다, …을 흐리게 하다(overcloud); …을 어둡게 하다; …을 음침하게

하다.

flamboyant 1. Highly elaborate; ornate. 2. Richly colored; resplendent.

<색채가> 타는 듯한, <경치 등이> 눈부신, 찬란한, 현란한; <문체등이> 화려[현란]한; <

사람행위가> 눈부신, 이채를 띤.

sordid 1. Filthy or dirty; foul.

2. Depressingly squalid; wretched: sordid shantytowns.

3. Morally degraded

1 <장소환경 등이> 더러운, 답답한, 누추한(dirty, squalid); <사람 등이> 지저분한.

2 <사람성격행위동기욕망 등이> 천박한, 야비한, 비천한; 지독하게 이기적인;

<사람이> 돈에 인색한, 다라운, 욕심 많은; <행위가> 돈이 목적인.

subside 1. To sink to a lower or normal level.

2. To sink or settle down, as into a sofa.

3. To sink to the bottom, as a sediment.

4. To become less agitated or active; abate.

1. <폭풍우소동감정 등이> 가라앉다, 진정되다; <부기열 등이> 빠지다, 내리다,

<논쟁자가> 침묵하다. The applause ∼d. 박수 갈채가 멎었다.

2 <토지건물이> 침강하다; <홍수가> 삐다, 정상 수위로 내려가다. The flood waters

gradually ∼d.

3 (바닥에) 가라앉다, 침전하다.

convoluted 1. Having numerous overlapping coils or folds: a convoluted seashell.

2. Intricate; complicated: convoluted legal language; convoluted reasoning.

둘둘 감긴; [動] 나선상의; 복잡한, 뒤얽힌

blatant 1. Unpleasantly loud and noisy

2. Totally or offensively conspicuous or obtrusive: a blatant lie.

뻔뻔스러운(obtrusive); <거짓말 등이> 빤한;몹시 떠들썩한; 야한.

fatuous 1. Vacuously, smugly, and unconsciously foolish.

2. Delusive; unreal: fatuous hopes.

어리석은, 바보같은(silly), 어수룩한(foolish);실체(實體)가 없는, 비현실적인(unreal).

idolatry Worship of idols; Blind or excessive devotion to something.

우상 숭배;(맹목적인) 숭배, 심취.

rancor Bitter, long-lasting resentment; deep-seated ill will.

원한, 앙심; (지울 수 없는) 증오; 악의.

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infuriate To make furious; enrage.

<남을> 격앙시키다, 격노케 하다.

adulation Excessive flattery or admiration.

아첨, 알랑거림

lavish 1. Characterized by or produced with extravagance and profusion: a lavish

buffet.

2. Immoderate in giving or bestowing; unstinting: The critics were lavish with

their praise.

To give or bestow in abundance; shower: lavished attention on his customers.

ration 1. To supply with rations.

2. To distribute as rations: rationed out flour and sugar.

3. To restrict to limited allotments, as during wartime.

1 …을 (할당량으로) 지급[분배, 배급]하다, (사람군대 등에) 공급하다

2 <식품 등을> 배급 제도로 하다; …의 소비를 제한하다

stint To restrict or limit, as in amount or number; be sparing with.

…을 줄이다, 절감하다, 내기 아까워하다, 제한하다; …에게 (…을) 충분히 주지 않다

perpetuate 1. To cause to continue indefinitely; make perpetual.

2. To prolong the existence of; cause to be remembered: The new library will

perpetuate its founder's great love of learning.

…을 영속[영존]하게 하다, <명성 등을> 불후[불멸]하게 하다.

exacerbate To increase the severity, violence, or bitterness of; aggravate: a speech that

exacerbated racial tensions; a heavy rainfall that exacerbated the flood

problems.

<文> <병 등을> 악화시키다, <악감 등을> 더하게 하다; 사람을> 분개시키다, 신경질나게

하다.

provincial 1. Of or relating to a province.

2. Of or characteristic of people from the provinces; not fashionable or

sophisticated

3. Limited in perspective; narrow and self-centered.

1 <한정 용법> 주(州)[성(省), 도(道)]의, 지방의(local).

2 <한정 용법> 시골의, 지방 특유의..

3 <태도사고 방식 등이> 시골티나는(rustic), 촌스러운; 투박한(coarse); 편협한

(narrow).

precarious 1. Dangerously lacking in security or stability: a precarious posture; precarious

footing on the ladder.

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2. Subject to chance or unknown conditions

3. Based on uncertain, unwarranted, or unproved premises: a precarious

solution to a difficult problem.

1 사정 나름의, 불안정한, 미덥지 않은.

2 위험한(risky)

3 남에게 달린, 남의 마음나름의.

4 <의견결론 등이> 근거가 불충분한, 얼렁뚱땅한

prohibitive 1. Prohibiting; forbidding: took prohibitive measures.

2. So high or burdensome as to discourage purchase or use: prohibitive prices.

3. So likely to win as to discourage competition: the prohibitive favorite to win

the nomination.

금지의, 못하게 하는; <값이> 터무니없는.

blackmail a. Extortion of money or something else of value from a person by the threat of

exposing a criminal act or discreditable information. b. Something of value

extorted in this manner.

남을> 협박하다, 공갈치다; <남에게> (…하도록) 강요하다

irreparable impossible to repair, rectify, or amend: irreparable harm; irreparable damages.

고칠[수선할] 수 없는; 보상할 수 없는, 회복할 수 없는.

refractory 1. Obstinately resistant to authority or control..

2. Difficult to melt or work; resistant to heat: a refractory material such as

silica.

3. Resistant to treatment: a refractory case of acne.

1 다루기 어려운(unmanageable), 당할 수 없는; 고집센, 완고한, 순종하지 않는

(disobedient).

2 <병이> 잘 낫지 않는. a ∼ disease

3 <생물이> (병균에) 저항력이 있는; (…에) 면역성인

4 <광물금속이> 용해하기 어려운, 내열[내화]성의; 처리[가공]하기 어려운.

acute 1. Having a sharp point or tip.

2. Keenly perceptive or discerning; penetrating

3. Reacting readily to impressions; sensitive: acute observers of the human

comedy.

4. Of great importance or consequence; crucial: an acute lack of research funds.

5. Extremely sharp or severe; intense: acute pain; acute relief.

1 <물건의> 끝이 날카로운, 예리한, 뾰족한(pointed). an ∼ leaf 끝이 뾰족한 잎.

2 <감정고통 등이> 격렬[강렬]한, 심한. ∼ pain 격통. an ∼ wish to be a mother

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어머니가 되고자 하는 강렬한 소망.

3 <상황사태문제 등이> 결정적인, 중대한, 심각한.

5 <사람재치통찰력관찰감각 등이> 예민한, 날카로운, 민감한.

demography The study of the characteristics of human populations, such as size, growth,

density, distribution, and vital statistics.

인구의 통계적 연구, 데모그래피.

intrinsic Of or relating to the essential nature of a thing; inherent.

(그 자체에) 본래 갖추어진, 고유한, 본질적인

substantive 1. Substantial; considerable.

2. Independent in existence or function; not subordinate.

3. Not imaginary; actual; real.

4. Of or relating to the essence or substance; essential: substantive

information.

5. Having a solid basis; firm.

실질[본질]적인; 현실의; 상당한, 꽤 많은.

demonstrative 1. Serving to manifest or prove.

2. Involving or characterized by demonstration.

3. Given to or marked by the open expression of emotion: an affectionate and

demonstrative family.

(감정을) 노골적으로 나타내는; 심정을 토로하는, 감정이 넘치는.

논증[증명]에 도움이 되는, 설명적인, 예증[실증]적인; 진실을 입증하는 데 도움이 되는,

매우 명확[명백]한, 결정적인

linger 1. To be slow in leaving, especially out of reluctance; tarry.

2. To remain feebly alive for some time before dying.

3. To persist: an aftertaste that lingers.

4. To proceed slowly; saunter.

5. To be tardy in acting; procrastinate.

1 (떠나지 못하고) 꾸물거리다, 그 자리에 처지다(stay on, tarry

2 <환자가> 근근이 목숨을 이어가다; <병이> 질질 끌다(drag on); <습관소리눈(雪)

의심 등이> 좀처럼 없어지지 않다, 잔존하다

flag 1. To hang limply; droop.

2. To decline in vigor or strength: My appetite flags in the hot weather.

3. To decline in interest: The conversation flagged.

1 <돛 등이> 축 늘어지다; <식물이> 시들다; <동물이> 지치다.

2 <활동활력흥미가> 쇠퇴하다, 약해지다

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savor 1. To impart flavor or scent to; season: savored the bland soup with salt.

2. To taste or smell, especially with pleasure: savored each morsel of the feast.

3. To appreciate fully; enjoy or relish: I want to savor this great moment of

accomplishment.

1 …에 맛[풍미, 냄새, 향기]을 내다; …에 재미를 더하다, 흥취를 돋우다.

2 …을 잘[천천히] 맛보다, 음미하다.

rejoice To feel joyful; be delighted: rejoiced at the news; rejoiced in her friend's good

fortune.

기뻐하다.

delimit To establish the limits or boundaries of; demarcate.

…의 범위[한계]를 정하다, 경계를 결정하다.

contravene 1. To act or be counter to; violate: contravene a direct order.

2. To oppose in argument; gainsay: contravened the proposal.

1 …과 모순되다[충돌하다]; <진술원칙 등을> 반대[반박]하다.

2 <법률관례규정 등을> 깨뜨리다, 위반하다.

provocative Arousing or likely to arouse anger or interest or sexual desire; deliberately

annoying

도발적인, 약 올리는, 부아가 나는; (기분성적 욕망 등을) 자극하는, 유발하는

intriguing 1 흥미[호기심]를 자아내는, 재미있는, 매력적인.

2 음모를 꾸미는.

specious 1. Having the ring of truth or plausibility but actually fallacious: a specious

argument.

2. Deceptively attractive.

허울 좋은; 겉만 번드르르한, 남의 눈을 속이는.

mandate 1. To assign (a colony or territory) to a specified nation under a mandate.

2. To make mandatory, as by law; decree or require: mandated desegregation

of public schools.

영토식민지 등의> 통치를 위임하다

counterbalance 1. To act as a counteracting force, influence, or weight to; counterpoise.

2. To oppose with an equal force; offset.

대등, 평등하게 하다; 효과를 상쇄하다.

discomfit 1. To make uneasy or perplexed; disconcert.

2. To thwart the plans of; frustrate.

…을 당황하게 하다(baffle), 쩔쩔매게 하다(disconcert); <남을> 꼭뒤지르다, 의도를 꺾다;

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<계획 등을> 방해하다, 좌절시키다.

delude To deceive the mind or judgment of: fraudulent ads that delude consumers into

sending in money. See synonyms at deceive.

<남의> 마음판단을 (…으로) 혼란[현혹]시키다, 속이다; <남을> 속여 (…)시키다 ; <재귀

용법> 망상에 사로잡히다, 잘못 생각하다, 착각하다.

tantalize To excite (another) by exposing something desirable while keeping it out of reach.

…을 애타게 하다, 감질나게 하다.

meager 1. Deficient in quantity, fullness, or extent; scanty.

2. Deficient in richness, fertility, or vigor; feeble: the meager soil of an eroded

plain.

3. Having little flesh; lean.

(양이) 부족한; 빈약한, 근소한, 결핍한; <사람몸몸의 부분이> 여윈, 홀쪽해진; <문체

등이> 힘이 없는.

revile To assail with abusive language; vituperate

…을 욕하다, 욕설을 퍼붓다(abuse).

dismiss a. To stop considering; rid one's mind of; dispel: dismissed all thoughts of running

for office. b. To refuse to accept or recognize; reject: dismissed the claim as

highly improbable.

grudging 1 마지 못해 하는(reluctant), 마음 내키지 않는.

2 인색한(mean)

convoluted 1. Having numerous overlapping coils or folds: a convoluted seashell.

2. Intricate; complicated and hard to understand: convoluted legal language;

convoluted reasoning.

둘둘 감긴; [動] 나선상의; 복잡한, 뒤얽힌.

amorphous 1. Lacking definite form; shapeless.

2. Of no particular type; anomalous.

3. Lacking organization; formless.

4. Lacking distinct crystalline structure.

1 무정형의, 불규칙한 모양의.

2 특색[개성]이 뚜렷하지 않은; 형식 부정의; 조직적이 아닌.

illusory Produced by, based on, or having the nature of an illusion; deceptive

1 착각[환상]을 일으키게 하는, (특히 가치내용에 대해서) 속이는, 홀리는.

2 가공의, 실체가 없는.

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