English at Home: by Asad Yaqub 03009466533

Cell No.
: 0300-9466533 [ENGLISH AT HOME BY ASAD YAQUB]
English at Home
By
Asad yaqub
03009466533
asad_2002pk@yahoo.com
1
Cell No.: 0300-9466533 [ENGLISH AT HOME BY ASAD YAQUB]
Contents Page No.
Chapter 1 CD 1 Accent Reduction & English Pronunciation 3
Chapter 2 CD 2 Contractions 7
Chapter 3 CD 2 Modal Verbs 10
Chapter 4 CD 3 Tenses Made Easy 11
Chapter 5 CD 4 The Passive Voice 20
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Chapter 1 CD 1: Accent Reduction and English Pronunciation

A
Nation Station Examination Relation
Pat Cat Rat Flat Mat
Call Mall Small Tall Fall
Far Car
War Wardrobe
1. The rain in Spain stays mainly in plain.

2. Waiter, wait at the station for the nation.
3. I have no relaxation, no information, no examination, no exaggeration and even no relation.
4. I say, hey! The ray of dismay came late to stay and play in the tray with clay but pray to delay it as
you may.
5. They came late, waited at the gate to take a train to Main Lane in the rain.
6. I played all the day, today but if you may stay at the station to wait for the train with the waiter in
the waiting room.
7. She came to say sorry to the waiters.
8. Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday are working days but Saturday and Sunday is a
holiday.
B
Book Bat But Bamboo
Bribe Bird Balcony
Bubble Bluff Brown
C
Come Cat Cut Couple
Computer Coconut Cucumber
Cry Cook Contain Curtain
Place Trace Face Race
1. Can you come to cut the cake in the camp of my cousin?

2. Come on! Catch the cat to catch the mouse.
3. I can’t cross the canal with coins and camera, carefully.
4. Call Carl, Carl’s cousin and Carl’s companions.
5. Cut the coffee cake cousin in the Car of Canadian Capital’s Councilor.
6. Captain, Call the cat to carry the kittens in the corner of the café.
7. Can you come to the café to collect cream cold coffee with coffee cake?
8. Come count the coins then cut the cake in the camp of Captain’s curious cousin.
9. Customer calls coincidentally, to communicate carefully, calmly and continuously.
10. Coins, cameras, cases and containers can come behind the colourful curtain.
CH
Change Chalk Charge
Chocolate Chamber China
Chin Challenge Cheat
Chemistry Chemical
1. China with Charles change the choice of chocolate.

2. Challenge the champion to choose the Chinese Chargers.
3. China chooses charcoal to charge the charger in Chinese Chancellor’s Chamber.
3
D
Dead Dog Design Decorate
Decide Drive Destroy Delay
Digital Duration Direction Day
E
Electronic Elephant Escape
Envelope Echo Electricity
Enable Equal Equality
FGHIJ
Fan Fun For
Gang Gun Ghost Grand
House Honest Hour Host
Islam Ink Intel Insect
Jack Jet Just Journalist
K
King Kind Kilo Kashmir
Karachi Kabul Kurd Kilometer
Know Knowledge Knight
1. Kind king kills the kind kangaroo keepers.

2. Kindly, come with the key book and key notes.
3. Kin can’t kill the kind king at one kilometer from the kingdom of the Kind king.
LMNO
Lion Loyal Library Low
Most Must Music Miss
No Not Nest Name
Orange Onion Oops! Oil
1. Oh no! Go slowly, because the oil is low.

2. No, I know no magic to flow the water slowly.
3. Slow, slow, slow, something is below.
4. You know, no? But, I know what is below the window.
P
Pakistan Play Police Put
Personal People Pupil Pot
Principal Place Pin Pink
1. People play ping-pong in the porch of their palace.

2. Please put pen, pencil and packet in your personal purse.
3. Paul and Prince purchase a pistol to prove their power to the poor people.
4. Pick-pocket picks the pocket of a person whose purse is full of pennies.
5. Pink panther picks a packet from the post office in public to please the post man and people.
6. Police put the people in prison to prevent the people from the people.
7. People feel the patient’s pain in the park with the Patient’s pals.
8. Please, be punctual, polite, prosperous and pious person.
QRS
Question Quality Quit Quarter
Rabbit Race Range Rest
Suggestion Stage Say Sorry
4
1. Unqualified Quack Questions the Quality of Quilt Quietly.

2. Queue of Qualified doctors Quits the Questions.
3. Equality of quality queues up the quantity quietly.
T
Total Titanic Trust Tolerate
Toy Tonic Train Test
Touch Taste Table Tub
1. Tell Tom and Ted to take a Ticket from the ticket-window.

2. Me too, will come at two to two.(01:58)
3. Train with transformers turns turtle on the top of the Tower of Tobacco Company.
4. I will try to take the train of two to two (1:58) at the train station.
5. Today, ten trains will turn to Taiwan at 2:00.
6. Tom tries to take the training from the talk trainers in Tokyo.
7. The trained trainers train the talent of new trainers to transform the fate of the trainers in Tibet.
Th
Thin Think Nothing Thank
There The Therefore Then
Tooth Truth Forth North
1. I think thin Smith can thank you for telling the truth.
2. Thin people of North and south think of the toothache.
3. Then, their think tank thought to do nothing in north and south themselves.
UVWX
Union Use United Unit
Volcano Various Very Vast
Work Waste West When
X-Ray Xenophobe
YZ
Yellow Young Yell Yes
Cry Fry My Buy
Zebra Zest Zoo Zurich
Practice Aloud with the Video

ENGLISH: THE GLOBAL LANGUAGE
Professor McKenzie:
For many years now we have been referring to English as a global language .... as the language of
communication and technology. Everybody seems to be learning English and it isn’t uncommon to see
English being used as a means of communication between .... let’s see ... a German scientist .... and an
Italian politician. These days ... if you don’t know English, you are in danger of being excluded from
what’s going on ...in education, at work ... and especially in the world of technological advances.
Very soon English will be the second language of all the people in the world. This is happening while I am
speaking to you. We can’t be certain of how long the process will take but there is no doubt that it will
happen ... and my bet is that it will happen sooner rather than later.
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First of all English will be an obligatory subject on every school curriculum throughout the world. By the
year 2010 around two billion people ... that’s about a third of the World’s population ..... will speak English
as their second language. This isn’t my prediction by the way. This is what the experts say.
We can see evidence of these changes all the time. Let’s take the Eurovision Song Contest as an example.
Whatever we might think of the contest itself .... one thing that has changed recently is that now countries
can opt to sing in English. In the last festival fourteen of the twenty five competing countries asked for the
rules to be changed to allow them to sing in English. They argued that singing in their own language would
put them at a disadvantage. I suspect that in a few years time all twenty-five countries will be singing in
English.
And what exactly does all of this mean for native speakers of English? Well, we are already in a minority.
If the calculations are correct, then in ten years time, majority speakers ... that is non native English
speakers ... will outnumber native English speakers by four to one. The two most important Englishes
won’t be British English and American English. They’ll be Native English and Majority English. So native
English speakers will be handicapped. We will be the only people in the world who speak just one
language. Because ... let’s face it ...there won’t be much of a reason for native English speakers to learn a
second language. We ... and not the Majority English speakers ... will be the disadvantaged.
As more and more people speak English it makes sense that they will become more competent. They will
start to control more of the English resources being produced and to have a say in what should or shouldn’t
be included in dictionaries and language books. This might seem farfetched but it is already starting to
happen. Let’s use Sweden as an example. Their music exports .... predominantly English ... account for
more than thirty per cent of its export income. This exported English is bound to have an effect on English
in general. And this is just one small example.
So ... all of you native English speakers out there ... get ready to throw away your phrase books ... whether
you’re planning to visit Eastern Europe or the Himalayas ... one thing you won’t have to worry about is the
language!
Practice Aloud with the Video
When we talk about the greenhouse effect we are talking about the world of tomorrow. we need to work
together for a greener future. We have to carry the rainbow together. In a world of change we need to be
changers and remember, we didn’t inherit this planet from our parents, we borrowed it from our children
and our children’s children. Thank you.
That’s all folks!
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Chapter 2 CD 2: Contractions
Positive Contractions
Notes
Be careful. Some contractions can have two or three meanings. For example, he'd can be he had or he
would. It depends on the rest of the sentence. Look at these examples:
He'd like to go. (He would like to go.)

He'd finished when I arrived. (He had finished when I arrived.)
The contraction 's (= is or has) is not used only with pronouns. It can also be used with nouns, names,
question words and words like "here" and "there", for example: The train's late. John's arrived. Where's the
phone? Here's your change. There's a policeman.
Short form Long form Sentences

I'm I am I’m in the class room.
I've I have I’ve had my breakfast.
I'll I will/I shall I’ll talk to you tomorrow.
I'd I would/I should/I had I’d like to eat a sandwich. I’d reached when he came.
You’re you are You’re the best student.
You’ve you have You’ve reached Lahore.
You’ll you will You’ll be very happy.
You’d you had/you would You’d like to eat ice cream, right? You’d slept when it rained.
He’s he has/he is He’s gone back home. He’s going back home.
He’ll he will He’ll come tomorrow.
He’d he had/he would He’d like to drive my car. He’d gone when teacher came.
She’s she has/she is She’s washing the dishes. She’s washed the dishes.
She’ll she will She’ll be delighted to see you.
She’d she had/she would She’d like to eat pizza. She’d slept when it rained.
It’s it has/it is It’s raining. It’s rained.
It’ll it will It’ll be a very good idea.
We’re we are We’re planning to buy a new car.
We’ve we have We’ve been living in Lahore for ages.
We’ll we will We’ll never disappoint you.
We’d we had/we would We’d like to help you. We’d gone when you came.
They’re they are They’re playing very well.
They’ve they have They’ve tried to cheat us.
They’ll they will They’ll be in trouble if they don’t follow me.
They’d they had/they would They’d like to meet me. They’d had dinner when I reached.
Negative Contractions
Notes
With the verb "to be", two negative forms are possible - we aren't or we're not etc.
In questions, am not is contracted to aren't, for example: I'm late, aren't I?
Aren’t are not We aren’t telling the false stories.
Can’t cannot, can not I can’t speak Arabic.
Couldn’t could not I’m so sorry, I couldn’t help you.
Daren’t dare not Our enemies daren’t attack us.
Didn’t did not She didn’t call me.
Doesn’t does not He doesn’t like desserts.
Don’t do not We don’t believe him.
Hasn’t has not It hasn’t rained in Lahore.
Haven’t have not They haven’t passed this test.
Hadn’t had not You hadn’t told me about that.
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Isn’t is not It isn’t fair.

Mayn’t may not It mayn’t rain today.
Mightn’t might not The guests mightn’t come.
Mustn’t must not We mustn’t waste our time.
Needn’t need not I needn’t tell a lie with you.
Oughtn’t ought not He oughtn’t to disobey his father.
Shan’t shall not We shan’t come tomorrow. (old fashioned)
Shouldn’t should not She shouldn’t watch television every time.
Wasn’t was not The servant wasn’t at home when the theft took place.
Weren’t were not They weren’t playing cricket when the power failed.
Won’t will not I won’t let you down. (Let down means to disappoint)
Wouldn’t would not I wouldn’t like to have a cup of tea.
Other Contractions
Here are some more examples showing some very common contractions.
Here’s here is Here's your meal.
There’ll there will There'll be nobody here tomorrow.
There’s there is There's a taxi!
That’s that is That's my car!
That’ll that will That'll be $10, please.
How’s how is? How's your wife?
What’ll what will? What'll people think?
What’s what is? What's the matter?
When’s when is? When's the wedding?
Where’s where is? Where's the cinema?
Who’s who is? Who's your teacher?
Who’d who would? Who'd like ice-cream?
Who’ll who will? Who'll be there?
Informal Contractions
Informal contractions are short forms of other words that people use when speaking casually. They are not
exactly slang, but they are a little like slang. For example, "gonna" is a short form of "going to". If you say
"going to" very fast, without carefully pronouncing each word, it can sound like "gonna".
Please remember that these are informal contractions. That means that we do not use them in "correct"
speech, and we almost never use them in writing. (If you see them in writing, for example in a comic strip
that is because the written words represent the spoken words or dialogue.) We normally use them only
when speaking fast and casually, for example with friends. Some people never use them, even in informal
speech.
It is probably true to say that informal contractions are more common in American English.
Also note that, unlike normal contractions, we do not usually use apostrophes (') with informal contractions
when written.
On the right are some common informal contractions, with example sentences. Note that the example
sentences may be a little artificial because when we use a contraction we may also use other contractions in
the same sentence, or even drop some words completely. For example:
 What are you going to do? >> Wanna coke?
Whatcha going to do? >>  Ain't = am not/are not/is not
Whatcha gonna do? I ain't sure.
You ain't my boss.
 Do you want a coke?
Do you wanna coke?  Ain't = has not/have not
D'you wanna coke? I ain't done it.
D'ya wanna coke? She ain't finished yet.
Ya wanna coke?
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 Gimme = give me  Kinda = kind of

Gimme your money. She's kinda cute.
Don't gimme that rubbish.
Can you gimme a hand?  Lemme = let me
Lemme go!
 Gonna = going to
Nothing's gonna change my love for  Wanna = want to
you. I wanna go home.
I'm not gonna tell you.
What are you gonna do?  Wanna = want a
I wanna coffee.
 Gotta = (have) got a
I've gotta gun.  Whatcha = what are you
I gotta gun. Whatcha going to do?
She hasn't gotta penny.
Have you gotta car?
 Whatcha = what have you
 Gotta = (have) got to Whatcha got there?
I've gotta go now.
I gotta go now.  Ya = you
We haven't gotta do that. Who saw ya?
Have they gotta work?
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Chapter3 CD 2: Modal Verbs
Table of Common Modal Verbs

Can Could May Might
Must Ought to Shall Should
Will Would
Spoken Practice
Can Make 5 sentences with Might.
1. I can speak Spanish.
2. They can't speak fluently. Have to
3. Can you play the piano? 1. I have to learn English.
4. Can’t you come tomorrow? 2. We don’t have to get up early in the
Spoken Practice morning.
Talk about your abilities and disabilities with 3. Do you have to go at 9?
can and can’t. 4. Don’t they have to speak English in the
class?
Could Spoken Practice
1. He could beat the record easily. Make 5 sentences with have to.
2. I couldn’t help you.
3. Could you come yesterday? Have got to
4. Couldn’t Pakistan win the world cup? 1. I have got to go.
Spoken Practice 2. She has got to work hard.
Make 5 sentences of this pattern: When I was 3. Have you got to catch the train?
small I could read and write. 4. Have they got to learn French?
Spoken Practice
Must Make 5 sentences with have got to.
1. We must get up early in the morning.
2. You mustn’t tell a lie. Ought to
3. Must I go to college every day? 1. I ought to obey my elders.
4. Mustn’t they learn English? 2. We ought not to tell a lie.
Spoken Practice 3. Ought we to learn English?
Make 5 sentences with must and 5 with 4. Ought they to not come late?
mustn’t. Spoken Practice
Make 5 sentences ought to.
Should
1. We should help the poor people. Degrees of Possibility
2. You shouldn’t smoke cigarettes. 1. He could be upstairs.
3. Should I learn English? 2. He might be upstairs.
4. Shouldn’t they play cricket in the 3. He may be upstairs.
street?
Spoken Practice Prediction
Make 5 sentences with should and shouldn’t. 1. She might win.
2. She will win.
May 3. She may win.
1. It may rain today. 4. She could win.
2. Pakistan may win the match.
3. May I come in? Polite Requests
4. May we not sit here? 1. Can I see you in your office, please?
Write down 5 sentences with May. 2. Could I see you in your office, please?
Might 3. May I see you in your office, please?
1. He might come anytime. 4. Would you tell me the time, please?
2. She mightn’t pass the test. 5. Could you tell me the time, please?
3. Might they learn English? 6. Can you tell me the time, please?
4. Mightn’t she go to London? 7. Will you tell me the time, please?
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Chapter 4 CD 3: Tenses Made Easy

Present Simple Tense
Use:
1. Facts and generalization.
2. Habits and routines.
3. Permanent situations.
4. State verbs (be, have, think, know and many others).
In positive sentences:
Sharks have sharp teeth (Use 1)

The Present Simple is one of the English tenses (Use 1)
I learn English twice a week(Use 2)
I have two eggs (Use 4)
I come from Basil (Use 3)
In questions:
Questions require the auxiliary verb 'do' or, in the 3rd person, 'does'. Keep in mind that when you ask a
question, you don't need 's' anymore. Compare these examples:
A:Does she like going to the mountains?
B:Yes, she does
OR
B: Yes, she likes going to the mountains.
A:Does John have a dog?
B:No, he doesn't (have a dog).
Does Mike often play tennis? (Use 2)
Do you know what the Present Simple is? (Use 3)
Is China in Europe? (Use 1)
In negative sentences:
He doesn't go to cinema at all (Use 2)
I don't like winter (Use 4)
They don't live in New York anymore (Use 3)
Fish don't smoke cigarettes (Use 1)
Note: To express actions that take place regularly, you may use adverbs of frequency such as:
 always
 never
 frequently/often
 usually
 seldom/rarely
 nowadays
 every week/year
 sometimes/occasionally
 from time to time
Here go a few examples of how to use them in sentences:

I always go to mosque on Fridays.
I never eat anything after 10 p.m.
My computer freezes from time to time -- it's quite old.
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Spoken & Written Practice

Answer all the questions in Present Simple Tense.
1. Describe your full day routine round the clock.
2. How do you typically spend your Sunday?
3. Describe your five good and five bad habits.
4. Tell me three things you like and three things you dislike.
5. How do you celebrate your birthday?
6. Describe daily routine of any of your family members.
7. How does a farmer spend his life?
8. How do you celebrate Independence Day of Pakistan?
9. Write a note on your hobbies in detail.
10. How do you celebrate Eid festival every year?
11. Complete the following sentences
Complete the following sentences

1. I like learning English because…
2. I dislike drinking wine because…
3. I love eating chicken because…
4. I hate telling lies because…
5. I am keen on playing or watching cricket because…
6. I can’t stand summer because…
7. I can’t help meeting my friends because…
8. I adore my parents because…
9. I miss my ______ because…
Present Continuous Tense

We use the Present Continuous tense when talking about actions that are happening at the moment
(present or temporary activity) or which will be done in the near future (future arrangement). In order to
create a sentence it this tense, you have to know the following:
How do you create it?
write + ing = writing (no 'e')

go +ing = going
There are some exceptions:

swim + ing = swimming (double 'm')
run + ing = running
I'm going to go to my grandma.
I'm going abroad this summer (in both sentences the speaker is speaking about plans)
I will go to my grandma (the speaker decided to go there in the moment of speaking)
get + ing = getting
Use:
1. Present or temporary activity.
2. Future Arrangement
In positive sentences
He is getting married this month (Use 2)
They are swimming in the sea (Use 1)
I'm drinking hot coffee now (Use 1)
I'm having a shower now (Use 1)
Mike is just preparing to eat his big chicken.
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In questions
Is she eating my cake? (Use 1)
Are they having the party on Friday or Saturday? (Use 2)
Is Mary having breakfast? (Use 1)
In negative sentences
He is not joking (Use 1)
We aren't waiting for my uncle (Use 1)
He is not going to school tomorrow (Use 2)
Remember that you can also use the Present Continuous to show your irritation over something or
somebody in the present. E.g.
She is always asking me stupid questions.
Answer the following questions.

1. Describe the things or activities which are happening in front of your eyes.
2. Follow the example sentences and write 5 sentences like them.
Don’t disturb me, I am studying.
Come home, everybody is waiting for you.
Present Perfect Tense

The Present Perfect is used to express actions that happened at an indefinite time or that began in the
past and continue in the present. This tense is also used when an activity has an effect on the present
moment.
Use:
1. Actions which happened at an indefinite (unknown) time before now.
2. Actions in the past which have an effect on the present moment.
3. Actions which began in the past and continues in the present.
The difference between the Present Perfect Simple and Continuous

The difference is rather subtle; the Present Perfect focuses the attention of a listener on the result of an
action and the Present Perfect Continuous -- on the duration of an activity.
I've bought a new car (The Present Perfect). I've been buying cars for 10 years (The Present Perfect
Continuous). You can earn a nice living doing it.
We have already had breakfast (Use 1)
I have bought new shades (Use 2)
I have already been to Paris (Use 1)
John has been a plumber for 2 years (Use 3)
Someone has taken my bag (Use 1,2 )
In questions:
Have you ever seen this program? (Use 1)
Where has she lived for 21 years? Is it Dublin or London? (Use 3)
Have you found the telephone number? (Use 1,2)
Have you ever been to France? (Use 1)
Note: In sentences with adverbials such as ever, already, yet, Americans tend to use the Past Simple
rather than the Present Perfect. So an American would probably say:
Did you go to the post office?
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-No, I didn’t.
And a British man:

Have you already gone to the post office?
- No, I haven't.
Jane has never been so angry (Use 3)
He hasn't taken any drug for two years (Use 3)
Warning: You cannot use time expressions like:

- two months ago - one year ago
- last week - yesterday
- when I was five years old
Why? Because they specify accurately the time when something happened. You can, however, use time
expressions such as:
Already Yet Before

Never Recently At last
Ever Just Lately
1. Write a note on completed action in the present i.e. I have finished my meal etc.
2. List down the places you have visited in your life so far with the following sentence:
I have been to……. For example, I have been to Karachi etc.
3. Write down 5 questions with “Have you ever been to…?”
Present Perfect Continuous Tense

We use the Present Perfect Continuous to express actions that started in the past and continue in the
present. This tense is also used to talk about actions which began in the past and have recently stopped.
Use:
1. Actions that started in the past and continue in the present.
2. Actions that have recently stopped.
I've bought a new car (The Present Perfect).

I've been buying cars for 10 years (The Present Perfect Continuous).
N.B
The difference between present perfect and present perfect continuous is rather subtle; the Present Perfect
focuses the attention of a listener on the result of an action and the Present Perfect Continuous -- on the
duration of an activity
In positive sentences
My friend has been sleeping for 3 hours (Use 2)
(she is still sleeping or she has just woken up).
She's (=she HAS) been crying in her room for half an hour now (Use 1)
We've been waiting for a good offer to buy a car since March (Use 1)
In questions
Have you been running? (Use 2)
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Has Tom been walking the dog? (Use 2)

How long have you been learning English? (Use 1)
What have you been doing there? I've been eating (Use 1 or Use 2)
I haven't been sleeping very well recently (Use 1)
I haven't been waiting for 50 minutes (Use 2)
John hasn't been using his A drive for a long time (Use 1)
Write a note on the activities you started in the past but you are still doing, for example, I have been
studying English for 5 years, I have been living in Lahore for 20 years etc.
Past Simple Tense

We use the Past Simple to talk about actions that happened at a specific time in the past. The actions can
be short or long. There can also be a few actions happening one after another.
Use:
1. Short actions in the past (e.g. I went to school)
2. Long action in the past.
3. A series of actions in the past.
Infinitive Past (irregular or +ED) Past Participle (+have)

eat ate eaten
fly flew flown
see saw seen
swim swam swum
1. I saw two colorful fish in the lake yesterday. (Use 1)

2. He entered a room, lit a cigarette and smiled at the guests. (Use 3 )
3. Mary tried the soup but it was too hot to eat. (Use 1)
4. I lived in New York for 10 years. (I don't live there anymore)(Use 2)
5. They saw us playing football. (Use 1)
In questions:
How long did he work there? (Use 2)
Did the telephone ring? (Use 1)
Did you see that? (Use 1)
Remember!
Common time expressions (time adverbials) in the Past Simple:
yesterday, the other day, just now, the day before yesterday, ago, before.
He didn't learn any Italian when he was in Italy two year ago (Use 2) I
wasn't at my grandma's when you came (Use 1)

1. What did you do yesterday?
2. How did you spend your last Sunday or Friday?
3. Write a note on the funniest incident of your life?
4. Write a note on the saddest incident of your life?
5. How did you celebrate your last birthday?
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6. What did you do on last Eid Festival or Christmas (for Christian students)?
7. Describe a memorable or unforgettable incident of your life.
8. Describe a memorable trip to any place.
9. Describe a wedding you once attended.
10. Describe any traveling experience.
11. When did you go for shopping last time and what did you buy?
Past Continuous Tense

We use the Past Continuous to talk about past actions in progress. The actions can also be interrupted by
something (I was eating my breakfast when the telephone rang).
Use:
1. Actions in progress.
2. Interrupted actions in progress.
3. Irritation.
4. Timid /polite question (read more below).
I was wondering if you could carry my bag.
I was wondering if...
I was thinking you might...
Although these sentences have the Past Continuous form, they apply to the present moment. Their meaning
is similar to the "could you" sentences but they are more polite.
At 3 p.m., I was having lunch (Use 1) (the lunch started earlier than 3 p.m.)
Yesterday at this time Steven Seagal was riding a horse.
John was smoking a cigarette when he saw a spider (Use 2)
In questions:
Was she going to the theatre when it started raining?
He asked me why I wasn't having dinner at the hotel.
Remember that you can also use the Past Continuous to show your irritation over something or
somebody in the past. E.g. She was always asking me stupid questions.

1. Make 10 combined sentences of Simple Past and Past Continuous for example:
I was sleeping when you called me.
When I met her she was sleeping.
Past Perfect Tense

The Past Perfect is quite simple and useful, we use it to show that one action in the past occurred before
another action in the past.
Use:
1. A completed action before another activity in the past.
The Past Perfect is also used in a number of expressions like these:

I wish, I'd rather, as if/though and if only
I wish I hadn't gone there.
I'd (=I had) rather see it for myself.
John looked as if he had done something terrible.
16
Mr. Jonson had read the document carefully before he signed it.
Before I was born, my grandfather had gone to war.
You may find that people (especially native speakers) sometimes don't use the Past Perfect in sentences
like:
After I walked my dog, I went to the cinema.
This is because 'after' or 'before' tell the listener which action happened first.
Still, keep in mind that such sentences are usually used in conversations rather than other situations, thus
try to avoid them -- especially in tests where you can lose points.
In questions:
Had he known some words before he started learning English?
Had they had any pet before they bought the giraffe?
Common time expressions (time adverbials) in the Past Perfect:
after, before, already, as soon as, just, yet, until, till, by the time that.
I hadn't seen Berlin before I flew there in the summer.
Brenda didn't call me before her plane had landed.
Of course, the Past Perfect is used in reported speech (=saying someone else said):
Ann: I was in the US 12 months ago.
George: Ann said she had been in the US 12 months earlier.
OR
Ann: I have searched all the rooms.
George: Ann said she had been searched all the rooms.
So what we basically do is replace the Past Simple and the Present Perfect with the Past Perfect.

1. Make 10 combined sentences of Past Simple and Past Perfect, for example:
When I reached home my family members had slept.
The train had left before I reached the railway station, etc.
CD 4: Past Perfect Continuous Tense
The Past Perfect Continuous is very similar to the Past Perfect . The difference between them is we use
the Past Perfect Continuous to express longer actions than in the Past Perfect. In addition, while using
this tense we focus on the duration of an activity rather than the result of it.
Use:
1. Duration of a past action up to a certain point in the past.
He had been running for an hour when it started raining.
When I saw him I knew that he had been training.
In questions:
For how many hours had Fred been painting the house when the ladder fell?
It had not been raining since morning.
17
Spoken and Written Practice

Make10 combine sentences of Past Simple and Past Perfect Continuous, for example:
When I reached home my brother had been watching T.V for 2 hours, etc.
Simple Future Tense

There are two different forms in English to express future in the Simple Future: ' be going to' and 'will '.
'Will' is used to express promises and things we decide to do in the moment of speaking, 'going to' is used
to express our plans. Both of those forms can be used to express our predictions.
Use (Will):
1. Promises (Use 1)
2. Unplanned actions (Use 2)
3. Predictions (Use 3)
Use (Going to):

1. Planned actions (Use 4) – (like in the Present Continuous)
2. Prediction (Use 3)
In Positive Sentences
You will regret it (Use 2)
When I'm 60 years old, I will have a long beard (Use 2)
I will go to Mary (Use 1)
(the speaker decided to go to Mary in the moment of speaking.)
In Question
Will he be angry when he sees me? (Use 2).
What do you think - will Mark arrive at 10 or 9? (Use 4)
I won't take any equipment with me (Use 1).
Mmmm... you know what? I won't be able to help you with your English today (Use 2)
This team is definitely going to win the competition. (Use 3)

I'm going to visit my grandma next week (Use 4).
Is The Government is not going to lower the taxes (Use 4 or Use 3).
He is going to apologize to Mary for his behavior? (Use 4)
Spoken and Written Practice

1. What will you do tomorrow?
2. How will you spend your coming Sunday or Friday?
3. What will you do on your coming birthday?
4. What will you do in the future?
5. Write a note on a trip you will take in future.
6. What will you do after learning English?
7. How will you celebrate the next Independence Day?
8. How will you help your parents in their old age?
9. What will you do in your old age?
10. How will you help the poor people in the future?
Future Continuous Tense
We use the Future Continuous to indicate that we will be in the middle of doing something in a specified
time in the future.
18
Use:
Incomplete actions in the future.
Tomorrow at nine I will be hosing off (=washing with a hose) my car.
I am going to (=will) be watching TV when my mother arrives.
Tomorrow at this time, I will be getting bored at school!
Will she be cooking when we knock at the door?

Will Mark be playing football at 6 pm?
We won't be having supper tomorrow before 8 o'clock.
Written and Spoken Practice

1. Write a note about the things you will be doing by a certain point of time in the future.
2. Guess what will be going on at the railway station or the airport.
Future Perfect Tense

We use this tense to express an action that will be finished before some point in the future.
Use:
1. Actions that will be finished before some point in the future
Common time expressions used in the Future Perfect:

 Before
 By tomorrow/7 o'clock/next month
 Until/till
They will have graduated from Cambridge by July 2009.

They won't (will + not) have graduated from Cambridge by July 2009.
I won't have retired by the end of the year.
I’ll have retired by the end of the year.
Will they have graduated from Cambridge by July 2009?
Will I have retired by the end of the year?

Talk about the things you hope to complete in the future.
Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Use:
Actions that will start in future and continue for a period of time
Actions that will start at a point of time in future
To guess about continuous actions in present with point or period of time
I think it will have been raining in Karachi since morning.

She will have been sleeping for two hours.

Follow the example sentences and make 5 sentences.
I guess it will have been snowing in Murree.

I am sure she will have been studying for an hour.
19
Chapter 5 CD 4 : The Passive Voice

Active: S+V+O
Passive: S + Be + PP(V3ed) + by + O
EX: My father planted this tree last year.
This tree was planted by my father last year.
The Simple Present Tense

Active: S + V(s/es) + O
Passive: S + am/is/are + PP + by + O
EX: He reads books every day.
Books are read (by him) every day.
The Present Continuous Tense

Active: S + am/is/are + V-ing + O
Passive: S + am/is/are + being +PP + by + O
EX: He is writing a novel at the moment.
A novel is being written (by him) at the moment.
The Present Perfect Tense

Active: S + Has/Have + V3ed + O
Passive: S + has/have + been +PP + by + O
EX: He has just finished a novel.
A novel has just been finished (by him).
The Simple Past Tense

Active: S + V2ed + O
Passive: S + was/were + PP + by + O
EX: He gave Tom a book.
A book was given to Tom (by him).
Tom was given a book (by him).
The Past Continuous Tense

Active: S + was/were + V-ing + O
Passive: S + was/were + being + PP + by + O
EX: He was writing a letter at 8.00 yesterday.
A letter was being written (by him).
The Past Perfect Tense

Active: S + had + V3ed + O
Passive: S + had + been + PP + by + O
EX: He had finished his homework before 8.00 yesterday.
His homework had been finished (by him) before 8.00 yesterday.
The Simple Future Tense

Active: S + will/shall + V + O
Passive: S + will/shall + be + PP + by + O
EX: He will finish the homework.
The homework will be finished.
The Future Continuous Tense

Active: S + will/shall + be + V-ing + O
Passive: S + will/shall + be + being + PP + by + O
EX: Tom will be cooking lunch at 10.00 tomorrow.
20
Lunch will be being cooked by Tom at 10.00 tomorrow.
The Future Perfect Tense

Active: S + will/shall + have + V3ed + O
Passive: S + will/shall + have + been + PP + by + O
EX: By the end of next week, he will have written 10 letters to her.
By the end of next week, 10 letters will have been written to her.
MODAL VERBS IN PASSIVE VOICE

Modal Verbs can be used in either the present or past forms.
Active: S + MV (not) + V + O
Passive: S + MV (not) + Be + PP + by + O
EX: We can’t solve this problem.
This problem can’t be solved.
PASSIVE VOICE WITH CAUSATIVE FORM

Active: S + Has/Have + O1 + V (BI)+ O2
S + Get + O1 + V (to-infinitive) + O2
Passive: S + Has/Have/Get + O2 + PP
EX: My father had Tom wash his car.
My father had his car washed by Tom
OTHER INFINITIVE COMBINATIONS IN PASSIVE VOICE

Verbs of liking/loving/wanting/wishing + Object + infinitive form their passive with the passive infinitive.
Active: S + V + O1 + to-infinitive + O2
Passive: S + V + O + To Be + PP
EX: He wants someone to take photographs.
He wants photographs to be taken.
Such verbs as “have/let/make/hear/see/watch/feel/ observe” are used in the following passive structure:
Active: S + V + O + V (BI)
Passive: S + To Be + PP + to-Infinitive
EX: The gravity makes things drop down.
Things are made to drop down by the gravity.
Note: The verb following “let” does not bear “to” in the passive sentence.

With advise/beg/order/recommend/urge + Indirect Object + Infinitive + Object, we have two ways of
making the passive voice.
Passive: S + To Be + PP + to-infinitive + O2
EX: He urged the Council to reduce the tax.
The Council was urged to reduce the tax.

With advise/beg/order/recommend/urge + Indirect Object + infinitive + Object, we have two ways of
making the passive voice.
Passive: S1 + V + that + S2 + should be + PP
EX: He urged the Council to reduce the tax.
He urged that the tax should be reduced.
OTHER INFINITIVE COMBINATIONS AFTER THE PASSIVE VERB

After acknowledge/assume/believe/claim/
consider /estimate/feel/find/know/report/
say/think /understand …, we use the infinitive construction.
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Simple Infinitive: if the time in the infinitive passive is the same as that of the main active verb.
Active: S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2 + (O)

Passive: It + To Be + PP + that + S2 + V2 + (O)
EX: People said that he was jealous of her.
It was said that he was jealous of her.

Passive: S+ To Be + PP + to + V+ (O)
EX: People said that he was jealous of her.
He was said to be jealous of her.
Perfect Infinitive: if the time in the infinitive passive is earlier than that of the main active verb.
Passive: It + To Be + PP + that + S2 + V2 + (O)
EX: People say that he was jealous of her.
It is said that he was jealous of her.

Passive: S+ To Be + PP + to have + PP + (O)
EX: People say that he was jealous of her.
He is said to have been jealous of her.
OTHER GERUND COMBINATIONS IN PASSIVE VOICE

With advise/insist/propose/recommend/suggest + Gerund + Object
Active: S + V + V-ing + O
Passive: S + V + that + S + should be + PP
EX: He recommended using bullet-proof glass.
He recommended that bullet-proof glass should be used.
OTHER GERUND COMBINATIONS IN PASSIVE VOICE

Active: S + V + O + V-ing
Passive: S + V + Being + PP + by + O
EX: I remembered my father taking me to the zoo.
I remember being taken to the zoo by my father.
Active: S + V + To-ing+ O
Passive: S + V + To Be + PP + by + O
EX: She started to learn English 5 years ago.
English started to be learnt 5 years ago.
Active: S + V + V-ing + O
Passive: S + V + Being + PP + by + O
EX: She started learning English 5 years ago.
English started being learnt 5 years ago.
22

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Contents Page No.

Chapter 1 CD 1 Accent Reduction & English Pronunciation 3

Chapter 3 CD 2 Modal Verbs 10

Chapter 4 CD 3 Tenses Made Easy 11

Chapter 5 CD 4 The Passive Voice 20

Chapter 1 CD 1: Accent Reduction and English Pronunciation

1. The rain in Spain stays mainly in plain.

1. Can you come to cut the cake in the camp of my cousin?

1. China with Charles change the choice of chocolate.

1. Kind king kills the kind kangaroo keepers.

1. Oh no! Go slowly, because the oil is low.

1. People play ping-pong in the porch of their palace.

1. Unqualified Quack Questions the Quality of Quilt Quietly.

1. Tell Tom and Ted to take a Ticket from the ticket-window.

Practice Aloud with the Video

Practice Aloud with the Video

That’s all folks!

He'd like to go. (He would like to go.)

Short form Long form Sentences

Isn’t is not It isn’t fair.

 Gimme = give me  Kinda = kind of

Chapter3 CD 2: Modal Verbs

Table of Common Modal Verbs

Chapter 4 CD 3: Tenses Made Easy

Sharks have sharp teeth (Use 1)

Here go a few examples of how to use them in sentences:

Spoken & Written Practice

Complete the following sentences

Present Continuous Tense

write + ing = writing (no 'e')

There are some exceptions:

She is always asking me stupid questions.

Spoken & Written Practice

Answer the following questions.

Present Perfect Tense

The difference between the Present Perfect Simple and Continuous

And a British man:

Warning: You cannot use time expressions like:

Already Yet Before

Spoken & Written Practice

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

I've bought a new car (The Present Perfect).

Has Tom been walking the dog? (Use 2)

Spoken & Written Practice

Past Simple Tense

Infinitive Past (irregular or +ED) Past Participle (+have)

1. I saw two colorful fish in the lake yesterday. (Use 1)

Spoken & Written Practice

Past Continuous Tense

Spoken & Written Practice

Past Perfect Tense

The Past Perfect is also used in a number of expressions like these:

Spoken & Written Practice

CD 4: Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Spoken and Written Practice

Simple Future Tense

Use (Going to):

This team is definitely going to win the competition. (Use 3)

Spoken and Written Practice

Future Continuous Tense

Will she be cooking when we knock at the door?