Operator's Handbook 21

chosen according to the intensity of the light and

size of the opening in the shutter to the speed of
the latter, which can be determined accurately only
by experiment. Everything being ready, the
camera is turned uniformly until the whole of the
film has been wound out of the top box into the
receiving box, or until the scene is completed.

Reloading.
The now empty box on top replaces the receiv-
ing box, which latter is marked " Exposed " and

put into the carrying case. A box of unexposed

film is again put in the camera and everything is

ready for another exposure.

It must be understood that the film which is

pulled out of the top box, to be threaded through

the camera, is not wasted, for to the end of the
unexposed sensitive film is spliced, in the dark-
room, a piece of film, say, 5 feet long, to protect it

from the light and facilitate the threading of the

camera. Old, spoiled film will answer, of course.
In photographing any scene or subject one of
the main things to guard against is the passing of
extraneous objects into or across the field of the
lens very close to the camera, thus obliterating the
entire view for the time being. Some one ought
always to be suitably stationed to see that this does
not happen.