Name: Jelly D Cantil

Section & Year: BSA-2B

Ansci 02

ACTIVITY 1

BREEDS AND BREEDINGS OF SWINE

I. Introduction
A breed is a group of animals with similar traits, Breeds of pigs are differentiated by their color,
( or color combination), size and position of ears. Length and shape of snout, body length, weight
at maturity, backline, and behavioral and reproductive characteristics

II. Objectives
At the end of the exercise, students are expected to:

1. Distinguish breeds of pigs base on physical, reproductive and behavioral features

2. Select breeding animals based on superiority of pedigree or production performance
3. Perform of flushing of selected gifts and sows, and monitoring of signs of heat and of
pregnancy and
4. Compare the different system of breeding

III. Materials
Book, laptop, cellphone, internet, and eagerness to search and answer each questions

IV. Essential questions

1. What are the commonly known breeds of swine?

The commonly known breeds of swine is,

- Landrace
- Yorkshire
- Duroc
- Pietrain
- Hampsire
- Tamworth
- Berksire
- Meishan
- Moncai
- Hybrid pigs
2. If you are a swine farmer, which breed of swine would you raise and rear, considering our
situation pandemic period? Why?

-If I were a swine farmer, I would grow and nurture the meishan breed since it has a high rate
of reproduction and you can quickly make more of them because they mature and are ready to
breed in just 2-3 months. This breed can sell large output in no time.

3. What are hybrids? Give at least 5 types of hybrid pigs.

Hybrids- sow resulting from the mating between two animals of different breeds. A hybrid is a
mixture of two different things, resulting in something that has a little bit of both.
1. Domestic tamworth
2. Boar pig hybrid
3. Giant forest hog
4. Bearded pigs
5. Warthog

4. Compare and contrast the Philippine pig to meishan pig.

-Here in the Philippines, warty pigs have tiny ears and small litters of 4-5, whereas Meishan pigs
have enormous drooping ears and large litters of 15-22. Both the warty pig and the Meishan pig
are native to their respective regions.

5. What is the difference of selection and culling?

-Selection is the method of selecting desired qualities in pigs for breeding purposes, whereas
culling is the process of removing unwanted pigs from the farm.

6. What are the swine traits that you should consider in selecting replacement stocks?

-The Swine traits that I should consider in selecting replacement stocks are:
1. It should be in good health
2. External part of the pig
3. Breed
4. Performance data
5. In breeding purposes it should have a tight sheath
6. Genetics and environment
7. What are the four (4) method of selection.

1. Pedigree method- individual record of inheritance

2. Independent culling level- associated of one trait to another
3. Tandem method- standard for each trait ( one trait at a time)
4. Selection index- this method established a kind of single figure to measure the individual net
traits of breeders

8. What are the things you should consider in selecting and culling boars and sows?

1. Selecting
*Physical basis for selection
-Body size and conformation
-Feet, legs and joint
-Back
-Free from abnormalities and disease
-External reproductive organs mammary glands
-Semen quality, libido or masculinity
*Performance basis for selection
-Growth rate
-Feed efficiency
-Carcass quality
-Good fertility and prolificacy
-Mothering ability

2. Culling
-Reason for culling
-Age
-Reproductive ability
-Mothering ability
-Feet and leg problem
-Abnormalities
-Disease

9. What is the importance of detecting the signs of estrus in a gilt or sow?

- Estrus, also known as Oestrus, is a period in the sexual cycle of female mammals. It is critical
to identify or observe a sow's or gilt's sexual cycle in order to avoid exceeding its mating season
and allowing the swine farmer to produce more quickly.
10. In your own opinion, which heat detection method is most effective?

-Riding the back test

In my own opinion the most effective heat method detection is riding in the back test, I've
done this approach before and it's simple to grasp that when you ride a sow or gilt's back and it
doesn't move, the sow or gilt is ready to mate.

11. What are the four types of breeding system? Discuss each type of breeding system.

-There are four (4) types of Breeding system:

1. Upgrading
-it is when you crossbreed pigs to another breed so that that offspring can have better traits
2. Pure breeding
-it is when you breed pure breed sow and boar
3. Crossbreeding
-it is when you breed two different breed of pigs
4. Inbreeding
-it is when you breed the two closely related animals for example you breed the parent to
the offspring

12. In your own opinion, what is the most effective type of breeding system? Defend your answer.

-Pure breeding

In my opinion, the most successful breeding strategy is pure breeding because you don't need
to crossbreed, inbreed, or upgrade your breeds if you choose the proper breed in your swine
farming business.

13. Is artificial insemination a practical and affordable way of breeding swine why or why not?
Explain your answer.

-Yes, because it is inexpensive and all of the semen will be properly implanted, but you should
hire someone who is trustworthy and experienced to do it. Natural mating is also more expensive
than artificial insemination.
14. Why is it recommended that starting backyard pig farmer use locally available breed of swine?

-By doing this the farmer will gain knowledge on how to take care of the swine farm and when
he/she wants to expand its business he/she has gain knowledge to it. Pigs are very sensitive to
temperature, so they need to be kept warm in the winter. This is one reason that pigs are kept
inside barns. Pigs can't sweat like people can, so it's important that they stay cool enough in the
summer. They also don't have thick hair coats (like these beef cows).

Summary
It has been said that breeding is the only time that you are actually making pigs: the rest of the time you
are saving them. I’ve learned here In general, there are two different types of breeding systems, purebred
and crossbred. When both of a pig's parents are registered members of the same breed, the pig is purebred.
If its parents are members of different breeds, it is crossbred. Also, Breeding systems can be divided into
two basic groups: straightbreeding and crossbreeding. Straightbreeding is the mating of animals of the
same breed. Crossbreeding is the mating of animals of different breeds.