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INTRODUCTION TO LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY PRODUCTION (AnSci 2)
Global Report
Global meat imports will decline marginally in
2021 as softening demand from China offsets gains
elsewhere. China meat imports are forecast to set
records in 2020 due to a sharp decline in pork
production from African swine fever (ASF). Next year,
imports are expected to fall as producers rebuild
swine herds and production rebounds. Outside of
China, global meat imports are largely rebounding as
economies bounce back from COVID-19 and as food
service demand improves.
National Report
According to Foreign Agricultural Services, Manila
expects Philippine pork production to decline by
approximately 10 percent in 2020, as African Swine
Fever continues to spread throughout the country.
Imports of pork are likely to increase to augment the
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INTRODUCTION TO LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY PRODUCTION (AnSci 2)
Pork Producer Code of Practice. Developed by cell with a female sex cell has occurred. Just a few
the National Pork Board, the code of practice is cells are used to create a new organism.
intended to provide guidance in managing and
caring for swine. More information about pork The role of livestock and poultry in the economy
production standards is available from the National Livestock functions in economic roles such
Pork Board (http://www.pork.org/).
as source of cash income and mean of
Biosecurity
savings accumulation and direct feed use for
Biosecurity is the use of management and
family subsistence.
production practices that assure quality products. A
It provides input supply such as fertilizer
major thrust is to prevent the introduction of
harmful substances or actions into the production and animal draught and capacity to comply
environment. Levels of biosecurity have been with a set of social rules and obligations.
developed. These are based on the entry of people It contributed food that enhance nutrition of
and animals into an animal production unit. consumers.
Restricting entry into an animal production It creates livelihood to society and community
situation is an important step in the process. employment.
Increased attention will be given to biosecurity in It is a means of transportation
the future. It important in ritual purpose and social status.
Integration Creates pleasure and recreation
It is an approach to producing animal products that Other sources of products such as wool, feathers
brings together various production and marketing and etc.
practices. Helps farm in labor power
Trends in Animal Agriculture Genetically Enhance Animals
Problems of Livestock and Poultry Industry
Many improvements in animals have been
Changes in animal agriculture are intended to
made using traditional methods of breeding and RUMINANT INDUSTRY
produce a quality product more efficiently. These
selection. With the emergence of biotechnology, a. Low Productivity brought about by:
focus on the producer investing fewer resources to
greater progress will be made more rapidly. Much Lack of culling and selection
produce a larger amount of product. Changes will
of the work is new and unproven, but rapid Natural weaning of the stock
also occur in the processing methods and other
research is moving toward greater application in Lack of year round feed supply
functions carried out in marketing.
animal improvement. Non-coordination of breeding and
Production Standard
Genetic engineering is the process of artificially management with seasonal forage
Producers are increasingly expected to follow
altering the genetic information in an organism. supply
certain production standards. In some cases, these
Genes can be transferred and otherwise moved b. High mortality due to diseases and
standards have become requirements if the
about to achieve desired goals. parasites as well as farm accidents.
animals are to be readily sold. More standards will
Reproductive Technologies c. Generally poor stock
likely have impact on producers in the future.
Cloning and other reproductive technologies d. Inadequate and lack of handling facilities
Producers who do not follow the standards may
have made greater progress with animals than e. Inadequate Financial support
not have the traditional markets available. The goal
with plants. Cloning is the process of asexually
of the standards is to assure consumers a high-
reproducing organisms. No union of a male sex
quality product. One example of standards is the
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INTRODUCTION TO LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY PRODUCTION (AnSci 2)
Very little sources for financing g. Inefficient system of marketing Breed - A population of domestic
beef cattle, goat and/or sheep Selling of hogs on per head basis animals, the individuals of which may vary within
projects. to middlemen defined phenotypic and genotypic limits.
- When mated among
Stringent credit requirement and Lack of proper storage facilities themselves, the offspring produced are also within
lending policies Lack of price monitoring scheme the original limits.
f. Marketing Problems POULTRY INDUSTRY - Breeds generally have an organization or
Middlemen make up most of the a. High cost of poultry feeds and feed association of breeders, who generally breed their
profit. ingredients animals according to a stated conceptual standard.
b. Poor management in spite of technical Landrace- population of domesticated
Disorganized marketing systems.
animals locally selected and used and generally
o No uniform live and advancement
bred within itself.
carcass grades c. High mortality due to diseases - A landrace tends to vary within itself
o Most sales of livestock are d. Poor marketing systems and/or distribution somewhat more than does a breed and tends to
on per head basis rather of poultry products not have organized breeders or a breed standard.
than on weight basis e. Lack of government support system for the Variety - A variety is used in some
farmers species to designate groups of animals within a
Carabao slaughter ban: this ban becomes a
f. Inadequate credit facilities breed that have shared morphological (structural)
source of graft, caused rampant misinterpretation traits, such as coat types, comb types, patterns,
of carabeef as beef and made carabaos raisers g. Lack of government system for the farmers
and the presence or absences of horns.
inefficient because they could not dispose the h. Poor buying capacity of the masses
- A common term utilized with chickens
unproductive breeders in the herd. i. Improper disposal of poultry manure and turkeys.
Strain - A sub-population of a breed or
SWINE INDUSTRY Domestication of common Farm animals a variety that has unique ancestral similarities or a
a. Lack of reliable sources of good breeding Terminologies restricted phenotypic range as compared to the
animals. Wild Animal – An animal not breed variety as a whole.
b. Inadequate supply and high cost of feed genetically altered by “artificial selection” for use by Domestication - to adapt an animal or
materials and supplements humans. plant to life in an intimate association with and to
c. Lack of sound health program. Tamed Animal – animal that through the advantage of man or another species, by
d. Low hiring rates of swine laborers in spite intervention of man has adapted behaviorally so as modifying growth and traits through provision of
of the fact that these laborers work much to be traceable and useful to humans. food, protection from enemies, and selective
longer than the industry such overcrowding, Exotic Animal – animal belonging to a (artificial selection) breeding during generations of
no record keeping in the farm species whose historic native range lies totally living in association and often to the extent that the
e. Inadequate financing and lending outside the Philippines domesticated forms loses the ability to survive in
institutions. Domestic Animal- an animal that has nature (D. Webster).
f. Poor transportation facilities. been genetically altered from the original wild Domestication - A domesticated plant
Hogs produced in distant places are species for use by humans through the agency of or animal is one that people have consciously
transported in trucks, trailers, wagons or “artificial selection”. taken into the cultural context of their living space
boats from the farm to the slaughterhouses. Feral Animal - A domestic animal that for any purpose whatsoever (R. Bennett).
The condition of these transportation lives in the wild with no human assistance.
facilities is seldom favorable to the animals. Feral Population – a reproducing A DOMESTICATED ANIMAL:
group of feral animals.
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INTRODUCTION TO LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY PRODUCTION (AnSci 2)
The animal is valued and there are clear purposes Domestication of Selected Animals:
for which it is kept.
The animal’s breeding is subject to human control.
The animal’s survival depends, whether voluntary
or not, upon humans.
The animal’s behavior (psychology) is changed in
domestication.
Morphological characteristics have appeared in the
individuals of the domestic species which occur
rarely if at all in the wild.
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INTRODUCTION TO LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY PRODUCTION (AnSci 2)
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INTRODUCTION TO LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY PRODUCTION (AnSci 2)
a. Using SWOT analysis, determine the pros and cons e.5. What region and province in the country is the
of livestock and poultry production. Write at least five highest producer of sheep?
answers in each box. e.6. What region and province in the country is the
highest producer of moutton? References:
e.7. What region and province in the country is the
highest producer of swine? https://www.fas.usda.gov/data/philippines-livestock-
e.8. What region and province in the country is the and-poultry-update
Strength Weaknesses highest producer of pork? https://apps.fas.usda.gov/psdonline/circulars/
e.9. What region and province in the country is the livestock_poultry.pdf
highest producer of chicken meat?
e.10. What region and province in the country is the https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/L%26P%20stat
highest producer of chicken? %20of%20the%20PHIL_2014-2018_final_0.pdf
Opportunities Threats
e.11. What region and province in the country is the http://agriculturewithmrsskien.weebly.com/uploads/
highest producer of duck? 2/1/3/2/21329554/
e.12. What region and province in the country is the trends_in_agriculture_part_1_reading_assignment.pdf
highest producer of quail?
e.13. What region and province in the country is the https://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?
b. With the use of timeline presentation, trace back the highest producer of quail eggs? script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-20032015000600063
domestication of animals from the earliest down to e.14. What region and province in the country is the https://www.fas.usda.gov/data/livestock-and-poultry-
the late domesticated one. highest producer of duck eggs? world-markets-and-trade
e.15. What region and province in the country is the
Time Events http://www.animalwelfarecouncil.org/?page_id=16
highest producer of chicken eggs?
________ ______________________
TASK 2
_______ ______________________
For a short quiz (10 items), it will be facilitated
_______ ____________________ online, for modular system the faculty will contact the
student via phone call.
c. Enumerate and discuss the existing animal rights Prepared by:
in and out the country.
d. Discuss in brief with 2-3 sentences, what makes
livestock and poultry animals valuable?
JESSA D. PABILLORE
e. Internet Search:
jessapabillore916@gmail.com
e.1. What region and province in the country is the 09179869017
highest producer of beef?
e.2. What region and province in the country is the
highest producer of cattle?
e.3. What region and province in the country is the
highest producer of goat?
e.4. What region and province in the country is the
highest producer of chevon?
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