Surname1

Name
Institution
Course
Tutor
Date
Race and Ethnic Disparities in Public Health
Race and ethnic disparities are products of compound connections between patient

features concerning clinicians, their social disadvantage, health care system and organizational

factors. Unequal and separate health care systems between clinicians, between states, and

between healthcare systems constrain the available resources that could cater to disadvantaged

groups' needs and reinforce bias, hence resulting in unequal outcomes.

The minority racial and ethnic groups, especially the groups subject to forced relocation

and slavery, are often faced with social disadvantage dimensions affecting health care outcomes.

Socially sidelined groups out of racism are subjects of social disadvantage as well as poor health.

Ethnicity and race are also associated with other social disadvantage perspectives such as

poverty, unemployment, debt, limited education, residential segregation, low English proficiency

and limited health literacy. A tremendous social disadvantage is linked to a worsened health

status.

When health care schemes fail to respond to the needs of patients from socially

marginalized groups, health care inequalities tend to arise. Health care disparities signify that the

system failed in numerous interrelated stages like clinician behaviour, care processes and

teamwork, health systems and macro policies. A health care system that does not respond to the

culture, needs and patient's preferences proves inequality.

 Surname2

Marginalized groups face unaffordability, low-quality care, and inadequate health care access

due to being underinsured, uninsured, and lack of financial ability to meet health care costs. They

are also linked to structural and geographic barriers to primary health care. Many people living in

the rural setting do not readily access decent health care.

Bias affects decision making, and in the health sector, it works for clinicians. Ethnic and

racial bias is a type of cognitive bias that produces discriminatory actions. On the other hand,

implicit bias affects policies, clinician behaviour, legislation, and the allocation of resources. For

complex decisions that involve uncertainty and trust in a patient's report, for example, in cases of

managing chronic pain, a clinician may exhibit bias in making decisions. Minimum patient-

centred communication with minority patients has also led to racial bias.

Variances between and within the health care provider entity leads to disparities. Each

varies according to the geography, difference and health care association and the level of

concentration of disadvantage at diverse levels such as individual, organization or state provider

results in racial and ethnic segregation. Such a confluence of concentration of health care needs

and little resources contribute to ethnic and racial disparities in the health care system.

Such race and ethnic disparities are evident; for example, in the US, American Indians,

African American and Alaska natives are faced with pointedly poor health care and have low life

expectancies compared to the whites. In other countries also, indigenous groups face similar

disparities. Another example concerning biasness is when a physician fails to refer a patient who

is not insured, to a special consultation, that is if the institution's system does not run for such

uninsured patients. The same applies to a patient who lacks enough funds to meet the health care

he desires.
 Surname3

To eradicate these disparities, gradual progress will necessitate joint national willpower to meet

health care equity by expanding primary care support, health insurance coverage and

accountability. These can succeed based on advancement toward setting well-defined and

objectives that engage patients, communities, clinicians and health care institutions.