Mathematics Classes

By Amit Sharma
A Premier Institute for CBSE - XI, XII &
Jee Mains & Advanced .
{(X) CBSE + FOUNDATION} - MATHEMATICS

STUDY PACKAGE - ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION

 A sequence is an arrangement of numbers in a definite order.
 A sequence a1, a2, a3,......... an.......... is called an arithmetic progression, if ther exists a constant
d such that a2  a1 = d, a3  a2 = d, a4  a3 = d,.......an + 1  an = d and so on.
The constant 'd' is called the common difference.
 If 'a' is the first term and 'd' the common difference of an AP, then the A.P. is
a, a + d, a + 2d, a + 3d, a + 4d, ......... .
 The nth term an of an A.P. with first term 'a' and common difference 'd' is given by
an = a + (n  1)d.
 Let there be an A.P. with first term 'a' and common difference d. If there are m terms in the
AP, then Also, nth term from the end = l  (n  1)d, where l denotes the last term. OR
We can reverse the A.P.
 Various terms is an A.P. can be chosen in the following manner.
Number of terms Terms Common difference
3 a  d, a, a+d d
4 a  3d, a  d, a+d, a+3d 2d
5 a  2d, a  d, a, a+d, a+2d d
6 a  5d, a  3d, a  d, a+d, a+3d, a+5d 2d
 The sum to n terms of an A.P., with first term 'a' and common difference 'd' is given by
n
Sn  2a  (n  1) d 
2
n
Also, Sn  a 1 ,
2
Where l = last term = a + (n  1)d.
 an = Sn  Sn-1
 Last term = l = a + (n  1)d

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 EXERCISE - 1 12. If an A.P. 13, 11, 9, 7,...., the first positive
term is
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (a) 7th (b) 8th
1. If 7 times the 7th term of an A.P. is equal to 11 (c) 9th (d) none of these.
times the 11th term, then 18th term in that A . P. 13. Sum of first 17 terms of A.P. 5, 9, 13, 17, ...is
is (a) 692 (b) 629
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 628 (d) 627
(c) 143 (d) none of these.
14. Sum of first n natural number is
2. The general term of the A.P. given by x + b,
x + 3b, x + 5b, ... is n n ( n  1)
(a) (b)
(a) x  (2n  1)b (b)  x  (2n  1)b 2 2
(c) x  (2n  1)b (d)  x  (2n  1)b n 1 n  n  1
(c) (d)
3. If 6th term of an A.P. is 19 and 17th terms is 41, 2 2
then its 40th term is
15. If pth term of an A.P. be q and the qth term be p,
(a) 87 (b) 87 then (p + q)the term is
(c) 86 (d) 85
(a) 0 (b) 1
4. The 6th term from the end of A.P. 17, 14, 11, (c) 1 (d) none of these.
 40 is 16. For what value of n, the nth term of A.P. 3, 10,
(a)  25 (b) 20
17, ... and 63, 65, 67, .... are equal
(c)  15 (d) 10
(a) 11th (b) 12th
5. The first and last terms of an A.P. are 1 and 11 (c) 13th (d) 14th
respectively. If sum of the terms is 36, then
17. The sum of all two digit numbers which leave 1
number of terms is
as remainder when divided by 3 is
(a) 5 (b) 6
(a) 1200 (b) 1805
(c) 7 (d) 8
(c) 1605 (d) none of these.
6. Which term of A.P. 51, 47, 43, .... is a cube of
18. Sum of the series 2 + 5 + 8 + ............. + 182 is
itself ?
(a) 5612 (b) 8612
(a) 11 (b) 12
(c) 7612 (d) 9012
(c) 13 (d) 14
19. The sides of a right angled triangle are in A.P.,
7. If 1, 9 x 2 , 3 x 2  14, 4 x  21 are in A.P., then x is then sides are in the ratio of
(a) 0 (b) 1 (a) 1 : 2 : 3 (b) 2 : 3 : 4
(c) 2 (d) 3 (c) 3 : 4 : 5 (d) 5 : 6 : 7

8. If in an A.P. a1  a 2  a6  a7  a11  a12  300 3 n

20. The nth term of a series is given to be
then sum of first twelve terms of that A.P. is 4
(a) 500 (b) 600 then the sum of first 105 terms of this series is
(c) 700 (d) 800 (a) 1047 (b) 1470
(c) 7140 (d) 147
9. If 2x + 4, x + 1, 4 x  6 are in A.P., then x is
(a) 1 (b) 0 EXERCISE - 2
(c) 1 (d) 2
SUBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS
10. The 10th term of 3, 12, 27 , ... is 1. Find the 12th term of A.P. with first term 9 and
(a) 300 (b) 12 5 common difference 10.

(c) 3 10 (d) 2. Find the 5th, 17th and nth term of the A. P. given
30
of an A.P. given by 2, 7, 12, 17 ............. .
11. The first negative term of 90, 86, 82, ... is 3. Find the sum of following arithmetic series :
(a) 21st (b) 22nd 36 + 41 + 46 + 51 + ....................... + 91
(c) 24th (d) none of these.

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4. Find the sum of n terms of an A.P. whose nth is always an A.P. What is the common
term is defined as : an  6n  5 difference? What is the sum of first 20 term ?
21. If the sum of m terms of an A.P. is the same as
5. Show that the sequence defined by an  2n 2  1 the sum of its n terms, show that the sum its
is not an A.P. (m + n) terms is zero.
6. Which term of the sequence :  1, 3, 7, 11, ...........
is 95.
1
22. If the mth term of an A.P. is and nth term is
th n
7. Find the value of ‘k’ if x is the K term of the
given A.P. 1 1
(i) 25, 50, 75, 100, ..........................; x = 1000 m
, show that the sum of mn term is
2
mn  1 .
(ii)  1,  3,  5,  7 ....................; x =  151
23. The sum of n terms of three arithmetical
8. If five times the fifth term of an A.P. is equal to 8
times the 8th term, show that its 13th term is zero. progressions are, S1 , S 2 and S3 .The first term
9. How many numbers of two digits are divisible by of each is unity and common differences are 1,
5. 2, and 3 respectively prove that S1  S 3 = 2 S 2 .
10. Determine the 10th term from the end of the A.P.: 24. The sum of first p, q, r terms of an A.P. is a, b,
4, 9, 14, .................., 254. c, respectively. Show that :
11. Which term of the A.P. : 3, 15, 27, 39, ............. a
will be 132 more than its 54th term ? q  r   b r  p   c  p  q  = 0.
p q r
12. Two AP’s have the same common difference.
The difference between their 100th terms is 25. Which term of the progression 27, 24, 21 ..............
111222333. What is the difference between their is the first negative term ?
ten thousandth terms ?
26. In An A.P. Prove that t m  n  t m  n  2t m .
13. The sum of n terms of two series in A.P. are in
the ratio 5n  4 : 9n  6 . Find the ratio of their 27. Write the expression an  ak for the A.P. a, a+d,
13th terms. a+2d. Hence find the common difference of the
A.P. for which.
14. Show that the sum of n terms of an A.P. whose
(i) 11th term is 5 and 13th term is 79.
first term is x, the last term is y and the common
(ii) a10  a5 = 200
1
difference is 1, is given by x  y 1  x  y  . (iii) 20th term is 10 more than the 18th term.
2
28. Find the sum of all natural numbers between 250
15. If x, y, z are in A.P., Show that
and 1000 which are divisible by ‘3’.
x  2 y  z 2 y  z  x z  x  y   4 xyz .
29. Find the sum of the first 51 term of an A.P. when
16. If a, b, c, are the xth, yth & zth terms of an A.P., second and third terms are respectively 14 and
show that : 18.
(a) a y  z   b z  x   c x  y  = 0 30. How many term of the A.P. 54, 51, 48 .............
(b) xb  c   y c  a   z a  b  = 0 are needed to give a sum of 513 ?
17. If the sum of n terms of a series is S n = 31. Insert 7 arithmetic means between 17 and 27.
n5n  3 , find the nth term and pth term. 32. The sum of n terms of two arithmetic progressions
is in the ratio 2n + 1 : 2n  1. Find the ratio of
18. If p times the pth term of an A.P. be equal to q 10th term.
times the qth term, prove that the (p+q)th term
is zero. 33. In a given A.P., If the pth term is q and qth term
is p then show that its nth term is (p + q  n).
19. The sum of three consecutive terms of an A.P. is
15 and the sum of their squares is 83, find the 34. If the sums of n, 2n, 3n terms of an A.P. be
terms. S1 , S 2 and S3 respectively, then show that
20. Prove that, no matter what the real numbers ‘a’ S3 = 3S 2  S1  .
and ‘b’ are, the sequence with nth term (a + nb)

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 smallest angles is 1200 and common difference
35. Find the value of ‘K’ so that
is 50, find the number of sides of polygon.
5k  3, 6k  3, 8k  4 will form three
consecutive terms of an A.P.  3n 2 5n 
47. In an AP, the sum of first n terms is   .
36. How many terms of the sequence 18, 16,  2 2 
14..................... should be taken so that their sum Find its 25th term.
is zero ?
48. In a given AP if pth term is q and qth term is p,
37. Find the nth term and eight term of the A.P. then show that the nth term is (p + q  n).
1 1  2m 1  4m 49. Solve : (  4) + (  1) + 2 + ....... + x = 437.
, ...................
m m m 50. The digits of a positive integer, having three digits,
38. If mth term of an AP is a and nth term is b, then are in A.P. and their sum is 15. The number
show that sum of (m + n) term is obtained by reversing the digits is 594 less than
the original number. Find the number.
 m  n   a  b 
  a  b     . 51. Split 69 into three parts such that they are in A.P.
 2   m  n  and the product of two smaller parts is 483.
39. If the sum of first m terms of an A.P. be n and 52. Show that the product of the 2nd and 3rd term of
sum of first n term be m, then show that the sum an A.P. exceeds the product of the 1st and 4th by
of its first (m + n) terms is  (m + n). twice the square of the difference between the
40. Show that the sum of the first n even natural 1st and the 2nd.
 1 53. Divide 32 into four parts, which are in AP such
numbers is equal to  1   times the sum of that the ratio of product of extremes to the product
 n
of means is 7 : 15.
the first n odd natural numbers.
54. Find the sum of all natural numbers between 100
a n 1  b n 1 and 1000 which are multiples of 7.
41. If is the A.M. between ‘a’ and ‘b’
a b
n n
55. Find the sum of all 3 digit numbers, which leaves
then find the value of n. the remainder 1, where divided by 4.
42. (a) A scooter is bought for Rs. 15,000. If its
11
value depreciates at the rate of Rs. 900 per year, 56. How many term of the AP,  6, ,  5, ..... .
what is its value at the end of 9th year ? 2
(b) The ages of the students of a class are in are needed to give the sum  25 ? Explain double
A.P. whose common difference is 4 month if the answer.
youngest boy is 8 years old and the sum of the 57. Neera saves Rs. 1600 during first year, Rs. 2100
ages of all the students of the class is 168 years. in the second year, Rs. 2600 in the third year. If
Find the number of students in the class. she continues her saving in this pattern, in how
43. In a factory, 150 workers were engaged to finish many years will she save Rs. 38500 ?
a piece of work in a certain number of days. 58. A thief runs away from a police station with a
However, if 4 workers are dropped every day, uniform speed of 100 m/minute. After a minute a
except the first day, it will take 8 more days to policeman runs behind the theif to catch him. He
finish the work. Find the number of days in which goes at a speed of 100 m/minute in first minute
the work was to be completed. and increases his speed 10 m each succeding
44. Ram and shyam start travelling at the same time minute. After how many minutes, the police will
from the same point and in the same direction. catch the thief ?
Ram travels uniformly at 10km/hr., while Shyam 59. There are 20 trees at equal distance of 5 metres
starting at 8 km/hr increases his speed by 0.5 in a line with a well, the distance of the well from
km/hr after each hour. In how many hours will the nearest tree being 10 metres. A gardener
they be together again ? waters all the trees separately starting from the
45. If the numbers a, b, c, d, e form an AP, then find well and he returns to the well after watering the
the value of a  4b + 6c  4d + e. last tree he does not go to the well. Find the total
distance the gardener will cover in order to water
46. Interior angles of a polygon are in A.P.. If the all the trees.
4
60. If the numbers n  2, 4n  1 and 5n + 2 are in AP,, (i) divisible by 9 (ii) not divisible by 9.
find the value of n.
72. The ratio of the 11th term to the 18th term of an
61. Find a, b and c such that the following numbers AP is 2 : 3. Find the ratio of the 5th term to the
are in AP : a, 7, b, 23, c. 21th term, and also the ratio of the sum of the
62. Determine k so that k2 + 4k + 8, 2k2 + 3k + 6, first five terms to the sum of the first 21 terms.
3k2 + 4k + 4 are three consecutive terms of an 73. Show that the sum of an AP whose first term is
AP. a, the second term b and the last term c, is equal
63. Find the sum : ( a  c )(b  c  2 a )
(i) 1+(  2) + (  5) + (  8) + .......... + (  236) to .
2(b  a )
 1  2  3 74. Jaspal Singh repays his total loan of Rs. 118000
(ii)  4     4     4    ............ upto n by paying every month starting with the first
 n  n  n
terms. installment of Rs. 1000. If he increases the
installment by Rs. 100 every month, what amount
a  b 3a  2b 5a  3b will be paid by him in the 30th installment ? What
(iii) + + +................. to 111
ab a b a b amount of loan does he still have to pay after the
terms. 30th installment ?
64. Find the sum of first seven numbers which are 75. The students of a school decided to beautify the
multiples of 2 as well as of 9. school on the Annual Day by fixing colourful flags
on the straight passage of the school. They have
65. The sum of the first n terms of an AP whose first
27 flags to be fixed at intervals of every 2m. The
term is 8 and the common difference is 20 is equal
flags are stored at the position of the middle most
to the sum of the first 2n terms of another AP
flag. Ruchi was given the responsibility of placing
whose first term is  30 and the common
the flags. Ruchi kept her books where the flags
difference is 8. Find n.
were stored. She could carry only one flag at a
66. Kanika was given her pocket money on Jan. 1st, time. How much distance did she cover in
2008. She puts Re 1 on Day 1, Rs. 2 on Day 2, completing this job and returning back to collect
Rs. 3 on Day 3, and continued doing so till the her books ? What is the maximum distance she
end of the month, from this money into her piggy travelled carrying a flag ?
bank. She also spent Rs. 204 of her pocket money,
76. The minimum age of children to be eligible to
and found that at the end of the month she still
participate in a painting competition is 8 years. It
had Rs. 100 with her. How much was her pocket
is observed that the age of youngest boys was 8
money for the month ?
years and the ages of rest of participants are
67. Yasmeen saves Rs. 32 during the first month. having a common difference of four months. If
Rs. 36 in the second month and Rs. 40 in the the sum of ages of all the participants is 168 years,
third month. If she continues to save in this find the age of eldest participant in the painting
manner, in how many months will she save Rs. competition.
2000 ?
68. The sum of four consecutive numbers in an AP
EXERCISE - 3
is 32 and the ratio of the product of the first and PREVIOUS YEARS BOARDS QUESTIONS
the last terms to the product of the two middle
1. Find the next term of the AP : 3, 1,  1,  3, .... .
terms is 7 : 15. Find the numbers.
2. Find the common difefrence of the AP :
69. Solve the equation : 1+4:7+10+ ......+ x = 287
1 1 p 1 2 p
70. Find the , , ,............
(i) sum of those integers between 1 and 500 which p p p
are multiples of 2 as well as of 5.
(ii) sum of those integers from 1 to 500 which 3. For what value of k will k  9 , 2k  1 and
are multiples of 2 as well as of 5. 2k  7 are the consecutive terms of an AP..
(iii) sum of those integers from 1 to 500 which
4. Find the 19th term of the following sequence
are multiples of 2 or 5.
71. Find the sum of the integers between 100 and n 2 , where n in even
tn   2
200 that are n  1, where n is odd
5
 less than its preceding prize, find the value of each
5. For an AP, if a18  a14  32 , then find the of the prizes.
common difference d. 20. Find the sum of all two-digit numbers which when
1  3  5  .........up to n terms divided by 4 yield 3 as remainder.
6. If  9 , then find
2  5  8  ...up to 8 terms
the value of n.
7. Find the 7th term of the sequence whose nth term
is given by an  (1) n 1.n 3 . . ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE - 1 - MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
5 5
8. Find the 25th term of the AP : 5,  , 0, ,........ 1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (b)
2 2
6. (d) 7. (b) 8. (b) 9. (c) 10. (a)
9. Is 68 a term of the AP : 7, 10, 13, .... ?
11. (c) 12. (b) 13. (b) 14. (d) 15. (a)
10. Find the 7th term from the end of the AP :
7, 10, 13, ....., 184 16. (c) 17. (c) 18. (a) 19. (c) 20. (b)

11. If 21, a, b and  3 are in AP, then find the value EXERCISE - 2 - SUBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS
of (a + b). 1. 119 2. 22, 82, 5n  3
12. Sum of the first n terms of an AP is 5n  3n. 3.
2
762 4. Sn = n(3n  2)
Find the AP and also find its 16th term.
6. 25th 7. (i) k = 40, (ii) k = 76
13. Each year, a tree grows 5 cm less than it did the
preceding year. If it grew by 1 m in the first year, 9. 18 10. 209
then in how many years will it have ceased 11. 65 term th 12. 111222333
growing ? 13. 129 : 231 17. an = 10 n  8, ap=10p  8
14. The sum of four consecutive numbers in an AP 19. 3, 5, 7, ......... 20. c.d. = b, S20 = 20a + 210b
is 32 and the ratio of the product of the first and
the last terms to the product of the two middle 25. 11th
terms is 7 : 15. Find the numbers. 27. (i) d = 37, (ii) d = 40,
15. 360 bricks are stacked in the following manner, (iii) d = 5
30 bricks in the bottom row, 29 bricks in the next 28. 156375 29. 5610
row, 28 bricks in the row next to it, and so on. In
30. 18, 19
how many rows, 360 bricks are placed and how
many bricks are there in the top row ? 31. 18.25, 19.5, 20.75, 22, ... 50. 2100
16. Find the sum of the two middle most terms of the 32. 39 : 37
4 2 1 35. k=7 36. 19 terms
AP :  , 1, ,.........4 .
3 3 3 1  14m 1  2mn  2m
37. a8  , an =
17. The houses of a row are numbered consecutively m m
from 1 to 49. Show that there is a value of x such
41. n=0
that the sum of the numbers of the houses
preceding the house numbered x is equal to the 42. (i) Rs. 6900, (ii) 16 students.
sum of the numbers of the houses following it. 43. 25 days 44. 9 hrs.
Find the value of x.
45. 0 46. 9, 16
18. Mala saved Rs. 10 in the first week of a year
and then increased her weekly savings by Rs. 47. a25 = 76 49. x = 50
2.00. If in the nth week, weekly savings become 50. 852 51. 21, 23, 25
Rs. 68, find n. 53. 2, 6, 10, 14 54. 70336
19. A sum of Rs. 1408 is to be used to give 16 cash 55. 123525 56. 5 or 20
prizes to cricket players of a school for their
overall Test performance. If each prize is Rs. 10 57. 10 years 58. 5 Min.

6
59. 2195 m 60. n = 1
EXERCISE - 3
61. a =  1, b = 15, c = 31 62. k = 0
PREVIOUS YEARS BOARDS QUESTIONS
7n  1 1. 5 2.  1
63. (i)  9400, (ii) ,
2 3. k = 18 4. 360
11(11a  6b) 5. 8 6. n = 30
(iii)
ab
7. 343 8. 55
64. 504 65. 11 9. No 10. 166
66. Rs. 800 67. 25 months 11. 18 12. AP is 2, 12, 22
68. 2, 6, 10, 14 69. 40 13. 21
70. (i) 12250, (ii) 12750, 14. Hence the number are 2,6,10,14 or 14,10,6,2
(iii) 72875
15. 16 rows, 15 bricks 16. 3
71. (i) 1683, (ii) 13167
17. 35
72. 1 : 3 ; 5 : 49
18. 2, 7, 12, ...., S15 = 555
74. Rs. 3900 ; Rs. 44500 75. 728 m ; 26 m
19. n = 12 and S12 = 510
76. 16
20. 2, 12, 22, ..., a10 = 92