1 BCom Statistics MCQ Revised & Steps in Research - Even Sem 20-21

1.
Median of 7, 6, 4, 8, 2, 5, 11 is
*6
12
2.Number which occurs most frequently in a set of numbers is
Median
*Mode
Mean
None of the above
3. If the mean of 6 numbers is 41, then the sum of the numbers is
250
*246
134
456
5. If the mean is 11 and median is 13, then the mode is
12
15
*17
none
6. Find Arithmetic mean if median is 52 and Mode is 50.
50
51
52
*53
7. In a perfectly symmetrical distribution the skewness is
Greater than 1
Less than 1
Equal to 1
*Equal to 0
8. Which of the following statements is true for a data following normal distribution
which is asymmetric
Mean lies between Median and Mode
*Median lies between Mean and Mode
Mode lies between Mean and Median
None of the above
9. A mean of a data set remains unaffected if an observation equal to mean is included

in the data set.
*True
False
10. _____________ is found always at the highest point of a frequency distribution

curve.
Mean
Median
*Mode
Geometric Mean
11. Which of the following are less affected by extreme values ______________
Mean and Median
Mean and Mode
*Median and Mode
Mean, Median and Mode
12. AM for the following data
X 5-15 15-25 25- 35-45 45-55

35
F 2 3 7 5 2
Lies between 25-30
*Lies between 30-35
Less than 25
More than 35
13. Median for the following data
X 0-10 10-20 20- 30-40 40-50

30
F 5 9 15 7 4
* Lies between 20-30
Lies between 30-35
Less than 20
More than 35
14. Mode for the following data is
X 0-10 10-20 20- 30-40 40-50

30
F 5 9 15 14 10
15
*ill defined
15. Median for the following data is
X 12 13 14 1 16
5
f 5 11 20 1 10
4
13
*14
15
None
16. Median for 32, 38, 48, 52, 60, 67, 68, 70 is
48
53
*56
52
17. In a group of 10 boys and 20 girls, the overall average marks in statistics of 30
students is 82. The average marks of boys is 78. Find the average marks of girls.
86
84.45
*84
83.28
18. Mode can be estimated graphically using

Less than ogive
More than ogive
Both more than and less than ogive
*Histogram
18. Median can be estimated graphically using
*Ogive curve
Frequency curve
Histogram
Bar graph
19. The median of the following data is is the 20th value which is 30. Find the missing
frequency
X 20 25 3 35
0
f 5 ? 1 9
5
*10
12
20. AM of 12 values is given as 800. Two values 756 and 810 were mistaken as 765
and 801. Find the corrected Mean.
801.25
803
798.5
*No change in the mean. Mean =800

MODULE 1
1) What is not a function of statistics?
To present facts in proper form
To simplify raw data
To measure uncertainty
*Study about quality phenomena
2) 1,2,3,4,5 is
*Organised data
Unorganised data
3)Range formula?
*Largest value- smallest value
Smallest value-largest value
4) Mid point formula?
upper limit-lower limit/2
*(Lower limit+upper limit)/2
5)No of classes formula?
1+3.32log
*1+3.32log N
6) Method of classification in which upper limit of one class is included in that class ?
*Inclusive method
Exclusive method
7)Which of the following is not a part of a table?
Head note
Title
*Table name
Foot note
8)What indicate the nature of the table?
Body
*Title
Headnote
Foot note
9)What is used for easy identification of a table?
*Table Number
Title
caption
stubs
10) The marks obtained by 100 students is analysed and found highest was 98 and
lowest was 18.Find number of classes?
7
*8
10
11)In a survey it was found that 5 families bought milk in the following quantities in a
particular week 10, 15, 20,25,30. Find Range?
*20
25
30
10
12)Method of classification in which upper limit of one class is not included in that
class?
Inclusive Method
*Exclusive method
13)What is derived by adding successive frequencies in ascending order?
Class frequency
*cumulative frequency
Class interval
Correlation factor
15)When the frequency distribution is in descending order it is?
Less than cumulative frequency

*More than cumulative frequency
MODULE 2
1. Median of 7, 6, 4, 8, 2, 5, 11 is
*6
12
2. Number which occurs most frequently in a set of numbers is
Median
*Mode
mean
None of the above
3.Mode of 12, 17, 16, 14, 13, 16, 11, 14 is
13
14
16
*Both b and c
4. If the mean of 6 numbers is 41, then the sum of it is
250
*246
134
456
5. Which number is not the mean, median, or mode of the data set 4, 3, 15, 11, 3, 8,
7, 5?
*6
6.The following are scores made on a math test. 80, 90, 90, 85, 60, 70, 75, 85, 90, 60, 80
What is the range of these scores?
*30
70
90
60
7.If the mean is 11, and median is 13, then the mode is
15
13
11
*17
8.If the value of mode is 14, and mean is 5, then median is

*12
18
14
9What is the formula for quartile deviation?
Q3 - Q1
Q3 + Q1
*(Q3 - Q1 ) / 2
( Q3 + Q1 ) / 2
MODULE 1
1) What is not a function of statistics?
To present facts in proper form
To simplify raw data
To measure uncertainty
*Study about quality phenomena
2) 1,2,3,4,5 is
*Organised data
Unorganised data
3)Range formula?
*Largest value- smallest value

Smallest value-largest value
4) Mid point formula?
upper limit-lower limit/2
*Lower limit+upper limit/2
5)No of classes formula?
1+3.32log
*1+3.32log N
6) Method of classification in which upper limit of one class is included in that class ?
*Inclusive method
Exclusive method
7)Which of the following is not a part of a table?
Head note
Title
*Table name
Foot note
8)What indicate the nature of the table?
Body
*Title
Headnote
Foot note
9)What is used for easy identification of a table?
*Table Number
Title
caption
stubs
10) The marks obtained by 100 students is analysed and found highest was 98 and
lowest was 18.Find number of classes?
*8
10
11)In a survey it was found that 5 families bought milk in the following quantities in a
particular week 10, 15, 20,25,30. Find Range?
*20
25
30
10
12)Method of classification in which upper limit of one class is not included in that
class?
Inclusive Method
*Exclusive method
13)What is derived by adding successive frequencies in ascending order?
Class frequency
*cumulative frequency
Class interval
Correlation factor
14) No of classes is denoted as?
*k
15)When the frequency distribution is in descending order it is?
Less than cumulative frequency
*More than cumulative frequency
The strength (degree) of the correlation between a set of independent variables X and a
dependent variable Y is measured by
Coefficient of Correlation
Coefficient of Determination
*All of the above
A coefficient of correlation is computed to be -0.95 means that

The relationship between two variables is weak
The relationship between two variables is strong and positive
*The relationship between two variables is strong and but negative
Correlation coefficient cannot have this value
Let the coefficient of determination computed to be 0.39 in a problem involving one

independent variable and one dependent variable. This result means that
The relationship between two variables is negative
The correlation coefficient is 0.39 also
*39% of the total variation is explained by the independent variable
39% of the total variation is explained by the dependent variable
Relationship between correlation coefficient and coefficient of determination is that
both are unrelated
*The coefficient of determination is the coefficient of correlation squared
The coefficient of determination is the square root of the coefficient of correlation
both are equal
Which of the following is NOT a possible value of the correlation coefficient?
negative 0.9
zero
positive 0.15
*positive 1.5
Two lists of numbers, X and Y, have a correlation of 0.3; X and Z have a correlation of -
0.7
We know that:
the stronger correlation is the correlation of X and Y, since it is positive.
*the stronger correlation is the correlation of X and Z.
the two correlations are equally strong, since 1.0 - 0.7 = 0.3
We cannot tell which is stronger without more information.
A study is done of students commuting to a large university by bicycle. The correlation

between the time spent waiting at traffic lights and total cycling time was 0.50. This
means:
The average rider spent half his cycling time waiting at traffic lights.
*The more time a rider spends waiting at traffic lights, the higher is total time is likely to
be.
If the rider's time at traffic lights increases by 5 minutes, he will spend an additional 10
minutes commuting, on the average.
If the rider's time at traffic lights increases by 10 minutes, he will spend an additional 5
minutes commuting, on the average.
The correlation coefficient is used to determine:
A specific value of the y-variable given a specific value of the x-variable
A specific value of the x-variable given a specific value of the y-variable
*The strength of the relationship between the x and y variables
None of these
If there is a very strong correlation between two variables then the correlation
coefficient must be
any value larger than 1
*much smaller than 0, if the correlation is negative
much larger than 0, regardless of whether the correlation is negative or positive
None of these alternatives is correct.
In regression, the equation that describes how the response variable (y) is related to the
explanatory variable (x) is:
the correlation model
*the regression model
used to compute the correlation coefficient
The coefficient of correlation
is the square of the coefficient of determination
*is the square root of the coefficient of determination
is the same as r-square
can never be negative
In regression analysis, the variable that is used to explain the change in the outcome of
an
experiment, or some natural process, is called
the x-variable
the independent variable
the predictor variable
*all of the above (a-c) are correct
If the coefficient of determination is a positive value, then the regression equation
must have a positive slope
must have a negative slope
*could have either a positive or a negative slope
must have a positive y intercept
If the coefficient of determination is equal to 1, then the correlation coefficient
must also be equal to 1
*can be either -1 or +1
can be any value between -1 to +1
must be -1
If the correlation coefficient is a positive value, then the slope of the regression line
*must also be positive
can be either negative or positive
can be zero
can not be zero

If the coefficient of determination is 0.81, the correlation coefficient
is 0.6561
*could be either + 0.9 or - 0.9
must be positive
must be negative
A fitted least squares regression line
*may be used to predict a value of y if the corresponding x value is given
is evidence for a cause-effect relationship between x and y
can only be computed if a strong linear relationship exists between x and y
Suppose the correlation coefficient between height (as measured in feet) versus weight
(as measured in pounds) is 0.40. What is the correlation coefficient of height measured
in inchesversus weight measured in ounces? [12 inches = one foot; 16 ounces = one
pound]
*0.40
0.30
0.533
cannot be determined from information given
Which of the following is an example of time series problem?
1. Estimating number of hotel rooms booking in next 6 months.
2. Estimating the total sales in next 3 years of an insurance company.

3. Estimating the number of calls for the next one week.
Only 3
1 and 2
2 and 3
*1,2 and 3
Which of the following can’t be a component for a time series plot?
Seasonality
Trend
Noise
*None of the above
If the demand is 100 during October 2016, 200 in November 2016, 300 in December 2016,
400 in January 2017. What is the 3-month simple moving average for February 2017?
*300
350
400
Need more information
An orderly set of data arranged in accordance with their time of occurrence is called:
Arithmetic series
Harmonic series
Geometric series
*Time series
A time series consists of:
Short-term variations
Long-term variations
Irregular variations
*All of the above
The secular trend is measured by the method of semi-averages when:
Time series based on yearly values
*Trend is linear
Time series consists of even number of values
None of them
Increase in the number of patients in the hospital due to heat stroke is:
Secular trend
Irregular variation
*Seasonal variation
Cyclical variation
In time series seasonal variations can occur within a period of:
Four years
Three years
*One year
Nine years
Wheat crops badly damaged on account of rains is:
Cyclical movement
*Random movement
Secular trend
Seasonal movement
The method of moving average is used to find the:
*Secular trend
Seasonal variation
Cyclical variation
Irregular variation
A complete cycle consists of a period of:
Prosperity and depression
Prosperity and recovery
*Prosperity and recession
Recession and recovery

A complete cycle passes through:
Two stages
Three stages
*Four stages
Difficult to tell
In a straight line equation Y = a + bX; a is the:
X-intercept
Slope
*Y-intercept
None of them
In a straight line equation Y = a + bX; b is the:
Y-intercept
*Slope
X-intercept
Trend
Value of b in the trend line Y = a + bX is:
Always negative
Always positive
Always zero
*Both negative and positive

Tickets numbered 1 to 20 are mixed up and then a ticket is drawn at random. What is
the probability that the ticket drawn has a number which is a multiple of 3 or 5?
1/2
2/5
8/15
*9/20
A bag contains 2 red, 3 green and 2 blue balls. Two balls are drawn at random. What is
the probability that none of the balls drawn is blue?
*10/21
11/21
2/7
5/7
In a box, there are 8 red, 7 blue and 6 green balls. One ball is picked up randomly. What
is the probability that it is neither red nor green?
*1/3
3/4
7/19
8/21
What is the probability of getting a sum 9 from two throws of a dice?
1/6
1/8
*1/9
1/12
Three unbiased coins are tossed. What is the probability of getting at most two heads?
3/4
1/4
3/8
*7/8
Two dice are thrown simultaneously. What is the probability of getting two numbers
whose product is even?
1/2
*3/4
3/8
5/16
In a class, there are 15 boys and 10 girls. Three students are selected at random. The
probability that 1 girl and 2 boys are selected, is:
*21/46
25/117
1/50
3/25
In a lottery, there are 10 prizes and 25 blanks. A lottery is drawn at random. What is the
probability of getting a prize?
1/10
2/5
*2/7
5/7
From a pack of 52 cards, two cards are drawn together at random. What is the
probability of both the cards being kings?
1/15
25/57
35/256
*1/221
Two dice are tossed. The probability that the total score is a prime number is:
1/6
*5/12
1/2
7/9
A card is drawn from a pack of 52 cards. The probability of getting a queen of club or a
king of heart is:
1/13
2/13
*1/26
1/52
A bag contains 4 white, 5 red and 6 blue balls. Three balls are drawn at random from
the bag. The probability that all of them are red, is:
1/22
3/22
*2/91
2/77
Two cards are drawn together from a pack of 52 cards. The probability that one is a
spade and one is a heart, is:
3/20
29/34
47/100
*13/102
One card is drawn at random from a pack of 52 cards. What is the probability that the
card drawn is a face card (Jack, Queen and King only)?
1/13
*3/13
1/4
9/52
A bag contains 6 black and 8 white balls. One ball is drawn at random. What is the
probability that the ball drawn is white?
3/4
*4/7
1/8
3/7
Testing of hypothesis
In a statistical investigation, the totality of units under consideration is

called
*Population
Sample
Units
None of the options
_______________ is representative portion of the population.
*sample
Units
Data
Proportion
Which of the following methods collect data by selecting units according to
certain pre-assigned probabilities so that the chance of occurrence is the
same for all units
*Simple random sampling
Non random sampling
Deliberate sampling
Convenient sampling
Parameter refers to
*Population
Sample
Data collection
Primary data
Statistic refers to _________
Parameter
Population
*Sample
None of the options
50 youngsters data on time spent in social media showed a SD of 2 hrs.

Find the standard error.
*0.2828
0.04
0.352
None of the options
In a petrol filling station, on five random days the sale of petrol is as below.
Estimate the daily average sale.
Day 1 2 3 4 5
Sale 83.5 84.6 87.4 80.1 82.6
(‘ooo ltrs)
*83640 ltrs
85490 ltrs
84312 ltrs
None of the options
In a petrol filling station, on five random days the sale of petrol is as below.
. Estimate the annual expected sales.
Day 1 2 3 4 5
Sale 83.5 84.6 87.4 80.1 82.6
(‘ooo ltrs)
*30528.6 (‘000 ltrs)
42367.8 (‘000 ltrs)

39274.9 (‘000 ltrs)
None of the options
A branch of statistics dealing with the theory and techniques of making

decisions regarding the statistical nature of the population using samples
drawn from the population.
*Inferential statistics
Regression Anaysis
Qualitative Analysis
Time series Analysis
Hypothesis is a statement regarding
Sample
*population
Forecasting
All the options
H0 is a notatiion used for
Null hypothesis
Alternative Hypothesis
None of the options
Type I Error occurs when

Null hypothesis is accepted and the hypothesis is true for the population
Null hypothesis is accepted and the hypothesis is false for the population
*Null hypothesis is rejected and the hypothesis is true for the population
Null hypothesis is rejected and the hypothesis is true for the population
If the null hypothesis is accepted and the hypothesis is false for the
population then the error
Type I error
*Type II error
No error
None of the options
Null hypothesis is rejected and the hypothesis is true for the population
Type I error
Type II error
* No error
None of the options
Sample size of less than 30 units is
Large sample
*Small sample
Medium sample
Acceptable sample
If the Sample size is greater than or equal to 30 units then it is a
*Large sample
Small sample
Medium sample
Very large sample
A region which amounts to the rejection of null hypothesis is called
Critical region
Rejection region
Acceptance region
*Two of the answers are correct
Probability level below which leads to the rejection of the hypothesis is

known as
*Level of significance
Confidence limits
Test Statistics
None of the options
The probability of committing errors of Type I or Type II

*Level of significance
Confidence limits
Test Statistics
None of the options
For Z test the critical value if it’s a left tailed test at 5 % LOS is
1.645
1.96
-1.96
-1.64
For Z test the critical value if it’s a two tailed test at 1 % LOS is
2.33 & 2.58
-2.33 & +2.33
*-2.58 & +2.58
-1.96 & + 1.96
99% confidence limits indicate __________
5% Level of Significance
*1% Level of significance
None of the options

For large samples it is assumed that the data follows_________
Binomial Distribution
*Normal Distribution
Poisson Distribution
Chi square Distribution
The test statistics for a Z test , testing of means is Z=1.87, for a two tailed
test at 5% LOS do we accept or reject the null hypothesis
*Accept
Reject
Cannot be decided
National Institute of Nutrition in 2020 has changed the average height of

Indian men to 177cm compared to 171cm set in 2010. The average height of
50 adult men was found to be 176 cm with a standard deviation of 5 cm
Check from the data if the average height is less than 177cm at 5% LOS.
*Accept null hypothesis
Accept Alternative Hypothesis
Do not accept null Hypothesis
None of the options

50 adult Indian men was found to be 176 cm with a standard deviation of 5
cm Find the test statistics to Check from the data if the average height is
less than 177cm at 5% LOS.
-3.53
1.41
*-1.41
None of the options

50 adult men was found to be 176 cm with a standard deviation of 5 cm .
The null hypothesis is
*H0: Mean height of indian men = 177 cm
H0: Mean height of indian men < 177 cm
H0: Mean height of indian men > 177 cm
None of the options

To check if the average height of Indian men is not 177 cms. The
Alternative hypothesis is
H1: Mean height of indian men = 177 cm

*H1: Mean height of indian men ≠ 177 cm

To check if the average height of Indian men is not 177 cms. The
*H1: Mean height of indian men ≠ 177 cm

To check if the average height of Indian men is less than 177 cms. The
*H1: Mean height of indian men < 177 cm
H1: Mean height of indian men ≠ 177 cm

To check if the average height of Indian men is less than 177 cms. The
*H1: Mean height of indian men > 177 cm
H1: Mean height of indian men ≠ 177 cm
Suffering from a Not suffering

disease
Sample size 36 36
Mean Systolic Pressure 178 141
Standard Deviation 24 12
For the above data the test statistics for equality of means is Z=8.3
At 1% LOS test whether the average systolic pressure of the patients

suffering from a disease is greater than those who are not suffering from a
disease.
Accept null Hypothesis

Reject Alternative Hypothesis
*Do not reject Alternative Hypothesis
None of the options
The number of independent values generated by a sample of small size for

estimating a population parameter is
Level of significance
Confidence Limits
*Degrees of freedom
None of the options
Which of these is a small sample test
Z test
* t test
Chi square Test
All of the above
For t test degrees of freedom is
n
*n-1
n+1
1
For chi square test degrees of freedom is
n
n-1
n+1
*1
The management of a factory contends that the mean sound intensity of the
factory is less than 120 decibels. 23 random measurements have 117
decibels and SD of 8 decibels. Test at 1% level of significance, whether the
the contention of the management is acceptable .
Which test is applicable for this?
Z test for mean
Z test for equality of means
T test for mean
Chi square test
decibels and SD of 8 decibels. Test at 1% level of significance, whether the
contention of the management is acceptable . Find the test statistics.
1.76
*-1.76
1.678
-1.678
decibels and SD of 8 decibels. Using t test at 1% level of significance, test
whether the contention of the management is acceptable. Identify the
degrees of freedom.
23
*22
24
None of the Options
decibels and SD of 8 decibels. Using t test at 1% level of significance, test
whether the contention of the management is acceptable.
If the test statistics is -1.76 and critical value for the t test table is -2.51.
What do we conclude
*Average sound intensity in the factory is 120 decibels

Average sound intensity in the factory is less than 120 decibels
Cannot be decided
None of the options
Equality of mean of the population before and after a particular process can
be checked using
Z test for mean

Z test for equality of mean
t test for mean
*paired t test
Chi square test is used to test
Goodness of fit
Association of attributes
*All the options
The test used to check if the observed frequencies distribution is
according to any of the theoretical distributions (binomial, poisson,
normal, uniform distribution…etc) is
Z test
Paired t test
*Chi square test for goodness of fit
Chi square test for association of attributes
10000 digits are randomly chosen from a telephone directory and the
following data is obtained. Using chi square test for goodness of fit find the
expected frequency for digit 3
Digit 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Frequency 926 120 109 1066 127 833 100 872 864 853
7 7 5 7
10000
1066
*1000
None of the options
Chi square test is a
Two tailed test

Left tailed test
*Right tailed test
None of the options
A sample analysis of examination results of 500 students was made. It was

found that 220 students had secured first class. 170 had secured second
class, 90 had secured third class, and 20 had failed. Do these figures
support general examination result which is in the ratio 4:3:2:1 for the
respective categories. For the chi square test calculate the observed
frequency for first class.
*200
150
100
50
In order to test using chi square test if smoking and literacy are
independent, a survey of 200 literates and 250 illiterates was conducted.
The result of the survey is as follows.
Smokers Non Smokers Total

Literates 10 190 200
Illiterates 50 200 250
Total 60 390 N= 450
Find the test statistics.
15.21
-15.21
*21.63
-21.63
The result of the survey is as follows. Find the expected frequency for a i

Literates 10(a) 190(b) 200
Illiterates 50(c) 200(d) 250
Total 60 390 N= 450
The expected frequency for ‘a’ is given by

*(200 *60)/450
10/200
200/450
60/450

Total 60 390 N= 450
The expected frequency for ‘c’ is given by
*33.33
26.66
173.33
216.67
Total 60 390 N= 450
The observed and expected frequency for ‘a’ is given by
50 & 33.33
*10 and 26.66
190& 173.33
200 &216.67
Test Statistics chi square χ2= 15.216 with 1 d.f. and 5% LOS as a right
tailed test, Critical value = 3.84 then
Accept null hypothesis

*Accept Alternative hypothesis
For Chi square test for Independence (or association) of attributes at 5%

LOS the critical value is (as a right tailed test with 1 degree of freedom)
*3.84
-3.84
6.65
-6.65
For Chi square test for Independence (or association) of attributes at 1%

LOS the critical value is (as a right tailed test with 1 degree of freedom)
3.84
-3.84
*6.65
-6.65
*****************************
Steps In Research
Definition-
Research is a collection of methods and methodologies that researchers

apply systematically to produce scientifically based knowledge about the
social world.
-Neuman
Research process ( Steps)
1. Define the Research Problem

2. Review of literature
3. Formulate Hypothesis
4. Preparing Research Design
5. Data Collection
6. Data analysis
7. Interpretation and Report writing.
Basic steps of doing research-
What is the Research Process? The Research Process is a process of multiple

scientific steps in conducting the research work. Each step is interlinked
with other steps. The process starts with the research problem at first. Then
it advances in the next steps sequentially. Generally, a researcher conducts
research work within seven steps. In research work, primarily, you require
a Research Proposal. It is because the proposal approves the research
project whether you achieve the ability to conduct research or not. So when
you write a research proposal, present the detailed plans and specific
objectives of your research correctly.
Steps of the Research Process-

Research process consists of series of actions or steps necessary to
effectively carry out research and the desired sequencing of these steps.
The chart shown in Figure well illustrates a research process. The chart
indicates that the research process consists of a number of closely related
activities.
Step1: Identify and defining the Research Problem.
The first step in the process is to identify a problem or develop a research

question. The research problem may be something the agency identifies as
a problem, some knowledge or information that is needed by the agency or
the desire to identify a recreation trend nationally. However, the research
problem comes up with the ongoing phenomenon or issues. Formulate
Your Question. Your research may start as a general idea or a specific
question, statement or thesis. Know what you want to focus on before you
begin.A research problem is a statement about an area of concern, a
condition to be improved, a difficulty to be eliminated, or a troubling
question that exists in scholarly literature, in theory, or in practice that
points to the need for meaningful understanding and deliberate
investigation. In some social science disciplines the research problem is
typically posed in the form of a question. A research problem does not state
how to do something, offer a vague or broad proposition, or present a
value question.
Step 2: Review the Literature
Once the research problem is identified and defined, the next step is to
review the existing research. The researcher must learn more about the
topic under investigation. To do this, the researcher must review the
literature related to the research problem. This step provides foundational
knowledge about the problem area. The review of literature also educates
the researcher about what studies have been conducted in the past, how
these studies were conducted, and the conclusions in the problem area. Get
Background Information. Read research articles about your topic using
websites or research databases. It introduces you to the topic, helps you to
focus on its key elements and can help you decide to broaden or narrow
your focus. These sources often include bibliographies that you can
“piggyback” to find more sources on your topic. In the obesity study, the
review of literature enables the programmer to discover horrifying
statistics related to the long-term effects of childhood obesity in terms of
health issues, death rates, and projected medical costs. In addition, the
programmer finds several articles and information from the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention that describe the benefits of walking 10,000
steps a day. The information discovered during this step helps the
programmer fully understand the magnitude of the problem, recognize the
future consequences of obesity, and identify a strategy to combat obesity
(i.e., walking).
Step3: Formulating a Hypothesis
In this step, the researcher makes the problem precise. The research work is
topic focused and refined. Then the researcher steps forward to how the
problem would be approached? The nature of the research problem can
decide to formulate a definite hypothesis. A hypothesis is tested. Effective
research work formulates a hypothesis in such a way that collected factual
data will provide evidence that either supports or disproves them.
Formulation of Hypothesis in Research will make you more expert. In the
end, the hypothesis turns into a practical theory.
In order to develop working hypothesis researcher should adopt the

following approach.
a) Discussions with colleagues and experts about the problem, its origin
and the objectives in seeking a solution.
b) Examination of data and records, if available, concerning the problem
for possible trends,peculiarities and other clues.
c) Review of similar studies in the area or of the studies on similar
problems.
d) Exploratory personal investigation which involves original field
interviews on a limited scale with interested parties and individuals
with a view to secure greater insight into the practical aspects of the
problem.
Step 4: Research Design
The researcher then must find out a research design. Research design
decides how the research materials will be collected. One or more research
methods, for example, experiment, survey, interview, etc are chosen
depending on the research objectives . In some research contexts, a survey
may be suitable. In other facts, interviews or case studies or observation
might be more appropriate. Find the ways How to Choose a Research
Design? Research Design actually provides insights into “how” to conduct
research using a particular Research Methodology. Basically, every
researcher has a list of research questions that need to be assessed that can
be done with research design. In other words, the function of research
design is to provide for the collection of relevant evidence with minimal
expenditure of effort, time and money. But how all these can be achieved
depends mainly on the research purpose.
Step 5: Carry out the Research Process (Data Collection)
While the research design is decided, then the researcher collects data,
records information. The researcher proceeds with the research. Practical
difficulties may arise in this stage. For example, the research method may
not suit properly. The interviewer might be unwilling to let carry out the
research as planned. Moreover, a false interpretation could potentially bias
the result of the study. So, when you collect data, you need to know the
effective techniques of data collection in order to gather necessary and
relevant information with regard to research.
Step 6: Preparing Research Results ( Data Analysis)
Now work out the implications of the data you gathered. Your challenges
are not over yet. Rather problems might just begin! It is hardly easy to clear
out the implications of the gathered materials. While it is possible to clarify
the research questions, some investigations are less conclusive. So,
interpret your research results in order to report the findings. No matter
what kind of research you are doing, there comes a moment when your
head is full of ideas that originated from your analysis. Ideally, you’ll write
them down as they come to you. Now you need to convert the mass of
those elements and ideas into a written text that makes sense to the reader
and can do justice to your quest.
Step 7: Reporting Research Findings
The final step of the research process outline is to report the research
findings. Describe the significance of the research study. Work out how do
they relate to the previous research findings. Usually, the research report
published as a journal article or book. This is the last stage in terms of the
individual research project. Mostly, a research report discusses questions
that remained unanswered & suggest further research in the future in
general.This also signifies how do you write your research paper. You
must write your research findings in a proper way. Researcher follows
Research Report Writing Steps with Format.

1 BCom Statistics MCQ Revised & Steps in Research - Even Sem 20-21

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1.

2.Number which occurs most frequently in a set of numbers is

None of the above

3. If the mean of 6 numbers is 41, then the sum of the numbers is

5. If the mean is 11 and median is 13, then the mode is

7. In a perfectly symmetrical distribution the skewness is

Mean lies between Median and Mode

*Median lies between Mean and Mode

Mode lies between Mean and Median

None of the above

9. A mean of a data set remains unaffected if an observation equal to mean is included

10. _____________ is found always at the highest point of a frequency distribution

Mean and Median

Mean and Mode

*Median and Mode

Mean, Median and Mode

12. AM for the following data

X 5-15 15-25 25- 35-45 45-55

Lies between 25-30

*Lies between 30-35

13. Median for the following data

X 0-10 10-20 20- 30-40 40-50

* Lies between 20-30

Lies between 30-35

14. Mode for the following data is

X 0-10 10-20 20- 30-40 40-50

15. Median for the following data is

18. Mode can be estimated graphically using

More than ogive

Both more than and less than ogive

18. Median can be estimated graphically using

*No change in the mean. Mean =800

1) What is not a function of statistics?

To present facts in proper form

To simplify raw data

*Study about quality phenomena

*Largest value- smallest value

Smallest value-largest value

4) Mid point formula?

upper limit-lower limit/2

*(Lower limit+upper limit)/2

5)No of classes formula?

7)Which of the following is not a part of a table?

8)What indicate the nature of the table?

9)What is used for easy identification of a table?

13)What is derived by adding successive frequencies in ascending order?

15)When the frequency distribution is in descending order it is?

Less than cumulative frequency

2. Number which occurs most frequently in a set of numbers is

None of the above

3.Mode of 12, 17, 16, 14, 13, 16, 11, 14 is

4. If the mean of 6 numbers is 41, then the sum of it is

8.If the value of mode is 14, and mean is 5, then median is

9What is the formula for quartile deviation?

1) What is not a function of statistics?

To present facts in proper form

To simplify raw data

*Study about quality phenomena

*Largest value- smallest value

4) Mid point formula?

upper limit-lower limit/2

*Lower limit+upper limit/2