Etiquette & Faux Pas

Staying glued to the phone during meetings: Nothing irks people more than a half-hearted presence. People texting,
checking emails or talking on the phone in the middle of a meeting or conversation, is simply rude and insulting for others
present.

Switch off your phone or put it on vibrate mode when entering into a meeting. This will give you less opportunities to be
distracted.
If you are expecting an important call, inform the concerned person(s) beforehand, excuse yourself and find a private
place to take the call.
Respect others and value their time.
Bad mouthing others: Criticizing others is a sure way of losing business. You might think that by bad mouthing your
competition, ex-boss or employees, you are degrading them. Really, you are only discrediting yourself and your business.

Only talk about how good your product or service is and how it is better than others.
Never enter into a conversation where you are expected to criticize or degrade others.
Failure to really listen: Constantly talking without giving others the opportunity to present their views or constantly
interrupting them is another faux pas that you should avoid.

Remember, communication is a two-way process. It should be a mutually beneficial exchange of ideas and stories.
Fight the urge to share a similar story or let the other person know you know as much or more than them. Humble
yourself. It can have a very positive impact on how the other party opens up and shares with you.
Give your undivided attention to the talker. Do not be occupied by thinking about what you will say next.
Making up excuses: Making up excuses for being late for a meeting or for not being able to honour your commitments can
lead people to distrust you.

Mock Trial Vocabulary

affidavit: A written statement of facts confirmed by the oath of the party making it,
before a notary or officer having authority to administer oaths.
allegation: something that someone says happened.
appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals)
to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to
appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
bail: Security given for the release of a criminal defendant or witness from legal custody
(usually in the form of money) to secure his/her appearance on the day and time
appointed.
bench trial: Trial without a jury in which a judge decides the facts.
chambers: A judge's office.
capital offense: A crime punishable by death.
charge: The law that the police believe the defendant has broken.
charge to the jury: The judge's instructions to the jury concerning the law that applies to
the facts of the case on trial.
circumstantial evidence: All evidence except eyewitness testimony.
clerk of court: An officer appointed by the court to work with the chief judge in
overseeing the court's administration, especially to assist in managing the flow of cases
through the court and to maintain court records.
complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed
by the defendant.
continuance: Put off trial until another time.
conviction: A judgement of guilt against a criminal defendant.
counsel: Legal advice; a term used to refer to lawyers in a case.
court: Government entity authorized to resolve legal disputes. Judges sometimes use
"court" to refer to themselves in the third person, as in "the court has read the briefs."
court reporter: A person who makes a word-for-word record of what is said in court and
produces a transcript of the proceedings upon request.
cross examine: Questioning of a witness by the attorney for the other side.
defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person
accused of the crime.
defense table: The table where the defense lawyer sits with the defendant in the
courtroom.
deposition: An oral statement made before an officer authorized by law to administer
oaths. Such statements are often taken to examine potential witnesses, to obtain
discovery, or to be used later in trial.
discovery: Lawyers' examination, before trial, of facts and documents in possession of
the opponents to help the lawyers prepare for trial.
docket: A log containing brief entries of court proceedings.
evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade
the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
felony: A crime carrying a penalty of more than a year in prison.
grand jury: A body of citizens who listen to evidence of criminal allegations, which are
presented by the government, and determines whether there is probable cause to
believe the offense was committed. As it is used in federal criminal cases, "the
government" refers to the lawyers of the U.S. attorney's office who are prosecuting the
case.
hearsay: Statements by a witness who did not see or hear the incident in question but
heard about it from someone else. Hearsay is usually not admissible as evidence in
court.
impeachment: (1) The process of calling something into question, as in "impeaching the
testimony of a witness." (2) The constitutional process whereby the House of
Representatives may "impeach" (accuse of misconduct) high officers of the federal
government for trial in the Senate.
indictment: The formal charge issued by a grand jury stating that there is enough
evidence that the defendant committed the crime to justify having a trial; it is used
primarily for felonies.
instructions: Judge's explanation to the jury before it begins deliberations of the
questions it must answer and the law governing the case.
interrogatories: Written questions asked by one party of an opposing party, who must
answer them in writing under oath; a discovery device in a lawsuit.
interview: A meeting with the police or prosecutor.
issue: (1) The disputed point in a disagreement between parties in a lawsuit. (2) To send
out officially, as in to issue an order.
judge: Government official with authority to decide lawsuits brought before courts.
Other judicial officers in the U.S. courts system are Supreme Court justices.
judgement: The official decision of a court finally determining the respective rights and
claims of the parties to a suit.
jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent
jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2)
The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.

contrast connectors
1. However / Sin embargo
Se utiliza para indicar un contraste o contradicción.
Ejemplo:
That man has much money. However, he isn’t happy at all / Ese hombre tiene mucho dinero. Sin embargo, no está nada
contento.
2. On the other hand / Por otro lado
Se usa para decir algo que es diferente de lo primero que se menciona.
Ejemplo:
I like playing football. On the other hand, my brother likes playing basketball. / Me gusta jugar al fútbol. Por otro lado, a
mi hermano le gusta jugar al baloncesto.

3. Even so / Incluso así

Se utiliza para indicar algo que es inusual o extremo.
Ejemplo:
This hypothesis is true, but even so, further research is required / Esta hipótesis es cierta, pero incluso así, se requiere una
mayor investigación.
4. Though / Aunque
Se utiliza para mostrar que dos ideas se oponen entre sí.
Ejemplo: Though it is not exactly accurate information, it is said that there are 3 workers under the dent. / Aunque no es
una información exacta, se dice que hay 3 trabajadores bajo la abolladura.
5. At the same time / Al mismo tiempo
Se utiliza para dos cosas que suceden juntas.
Ejemplo:
This is so people can watch TV and play playstation games at the same time. / Esto es para que la gente pueda ver la
televisión y jugar a la playstation al mismo tiempo.
6. Instead / En lugar de eso
Significa en lugar de algo o alguien más.
Ejemplo:
There is no chocolate now, I can give you some sugar instead. / No hay chocolate ahora, puedo darte un poco de azúcar en
su lugar.
7. Conversely / Por el contrario
Se utiliza para expresar una idea que es diferente o opuesta a la otra idea mencionada anteriormente.
Ejemplo:
I thought she would not come to the party; conversely, she came to the party with her boyfriend. / Pensé que no vendría a
la fiesta; por el contrario, vino a la fiesta con su novio.

8. In contrast / En cambio
Se utiliza para comparar dos cosas o personas y decir que la segunda es muy diferente de la primera.
Ejemplo:
This child is short and fat. In contrast, her sister is tall and thin. Este niño es bajo y gordo. / En cambio, su hermana es alta
y delgada.
9. Nevertheless / No obstante
Se utiliza para decir algo que contrasta con lo que se acaba de decir.
Ejemplo:
The place was so beautiful; nevertheless, we did not want to spend our holiday in here / El lugar era tan hermoso; no
obstante, no queríamos pasar nuestras vacaciones aquí.
10. On the contrary / Al contrario
Se utiliza para mostrar que un pensamiento o sentimiento que es el opuesto de lo que acaba de decir.
Ejemplo: A: Have you written the letter? / ¿Has escrito la carta?
B: On the contrary, I have not even started writing / Al contrario, ni siquiera he empezado a escribir.
11. Notwithstanding / A pesar de
Significa que a pesar de la cosa mencionada.
Ejemplo: He continues to exhibit the same behaviors, our warnings notwithstanding / Sigue mostrando los mismos
comportamientos, a pesar de nuestras advertencias.

VOCABULARIO SOBRE CINE Y PELÍCULAS

Actor: Actor
Actors: Actores
Actress: Actriz
Audience: Público, audiencia.
Cast: Reparto
Cinema: Cine
Climax: Clímax (desenlace de la película)
Director: Director de cine
Extra: Figurante, actor extra.
Film: Película (UK)
Genre: Género (tipo de película)
Language: Idioma
Lead role: Papel principal
Main actor: Actor principal
Movie: Película (USA)
Original Version: Versión original
Plot: Trama
Scene: Escena, escenario, decorado.
Script: Guión
Secondary role: Papel secundario
Sequel: Segunda parte de una película, continuación.
Setting: Escena
Soundtrack: Banda sonora
Special effects: Efectos especiales
Star: Estrella (actor o actriz más importante de la película)
Story: Historia
Subtitles: Subtítulos
Tipos de películas (género).
Action film/movie: Película de acción
Animation film/movie: Película de animación
Cartoon film/movie: Película de dibujos animados
Comedy: Comedia
Historical drama: Drama histórico
Horror film/movie: Película de miedo / terror
Martial arts film/movie: Película de artes marciales
Musical: Musical
Romantic comedy: Comedia romántica
Science fiction film/movie: Ciencia ficción
Silent film/movie: Película muda
Thriller: Película de misterio o suspense
War film/movie: Película de guerra
Western: Película de vaqueros (del oeste)
Chick-flick: Película romántica (en lenguaje coloquial).

Verbos
Act: Actuar
Be base on: Estar basada en
Be dubbed into: Estar doblada (lenguaje)
Direct: Dirigir
Film: Filmar, cinematografiar
Play the part: Desempeñar el papel
Record: Grabar
Set: Crear
Subtitle: Subtitular
Test: Ensayar.
 vocabulary to describe a city
Modern – moderna
Beautiful – bonita
calm – tranquila
unpleasant – desagradable
Crowded – aglomerada
Expensive – cara
Busy – ocupada, llena Car park – parking
Bus station – Estación de autobuses
Quiet – tranquila
Airport – aeropuerto
Exciting – emocionante
Train station – estación de tren
Small – pequeña
Pavement – acera
Big – grande
Traffic light – semáforo
Ancient – antigua Square – plaza
Polluted – contaminada Apartment block – edificio

Cheap – barata Huge – enorme church – iglesia

Avenue – avenida cinema cine
Boring – aburrida
Pharmacy – farmacia Shopping center – centro comercial
Interesting – interesante
Hairdressers – peluquería Bank – banco
Gym – gimnasio
Grocery – colmado
Fire station – station de bomberos

Ejemplos: descripción de una ciudad en inglés

My city is huge, and very crowded but absolutely beautiful. – Mi ciudad
es enorme y está muy llena de gente pero es absolutamente preciosa.
I live in one of the most popular cities in the world. – Vivo en una de las
ciudades más conocidas del mundo.
Here is not very cold in winter and summers are sunny and warm – Aquí
no hace mucho frío en invierno y los veranos son soleados y cálidos.
In Barcelona there are many places to visit such as: art museums,
shopping centers or interesting buildings and quiet parks. – En Barcelona
hay muchos lugares que visitar tales como museos de arte, interesantes
edificios, centros comerciales y parques tranquilos.
The living in my city is not so cheap, some things are more expensive than
in other cities, renting a flat for instance. Another kind of things are
cheaper, like food or eating in a restaurant. – La vida en mi ciudad no es
muy barata, algunas cosas son más caras que en otras ciudades, como por
ejemplo alquilar un piso. Otro tipo de cosas son más baratas como la
comida o salir a comer a un restaurante.
Ethos, Pathos, Logos
changing schedules is feasible and has many advantages:
Leisure time: a day with more hours of light encourages people to
do more outdoor activities and exercise, making it good for their
health and economy.
Energy savings: less energy is used during "summer time" as extra
hours of sunlight are used for activities.
The time change disrupts sleep. Additionally, medical equipment
such as pacemakers, defibrillators, and glucose monitors also have
to be adjusted.
There is concern for children and adults who leave home when it is
still dark, generating two possible effects: One on people's health
and in a more serious case, being victims of a criminal act.

Past be
I was a good student.
Yo era un buen estudiante).
We were old friends.
Nosotros éramos viejos amigos).
He was a student.
Él era un estudiante).
The pencil was on the desk.
El lápiz estaba sobre el escritorio).
She was absent from class yesterday.
Ella no estaba en clase ayer).
The sky was clear.
El cielo estaba limpio).
The child was in the garden.
El niño estaba en el jardín).
It was a pleasant day.
Fue un día placentero)
She was sick yesterday.
Ella estaba enferma ayer).
He was a businessman.
Él era un hombre de negocios).
He was a lawyer.
Él era un abogado).
Yesterday was Monday.
Ayer fue lunes).
Duolingo