Anna Gassett

History 1320

The American Yawp

Chapter 18 – Industrial America

1. In the late nineteenth century, which American city had the largest meat processing industry?
a. Chicago
b. New York
c. St. Louis
d. Dallas
A. Chicago. Pg. 57. Chicago produced the majority of the meat bought in the United States.
Specifically, they provided 4/5 of all American meat.

2. How did railroads transform the American economy?

a. Created a new white color middle class of managers
b. Inspired the development of organized labor to meet the needs of a permanent
working class
c. Increased the role of government in the economy
d. All of the above
B. Inspired the development of organized labor to meet the needs of a permanent working
class. Pg. 60. Labor unions were forming to create job permanence and growth within the
working class.

3. Which census first revealed that a majority of Americans were living in cities
a. 1880
b. 1900
c. 1910
d. 1920
D. 1920. Pg. 62. Largely because of immigration, the majority of Americans were living in
urban cities according to the 1920 census.

4. By 1890, in most large northern cities, immigrants and their children amounted to what
percent of the population?
a. 20%
b. 33%
c. 50%
d. 60%
D. 60%. Pg. 63. Immigrants flowing into majors cities in the U.S. accounted for about 60%
of the population by 1890.

5. All of the following groups provided cultural space for immigrants to maintain their arts,
languages, and traditions EXCEPT
a. Rotary clubs
b. Workmen’s clubs
c. Mutual-aid societies
d. Parish churches
A. Rotary clubs. Pg. 63. Communities of immigrants created organizations such as
workmen’s clubs, mutual-aid societies, and Parish churches.

6. Immigrant Americans tended to vote for which political party?

a. Democratic Party
b. Republican Party
c. Progressive Party
d. Immigrant voters were nearly equally divided in their party allegiance
A. Democratic Party. Pgs. 63 & 64. With the influx of immigrants in the U.S., cities were
booming with industrialization and support within the Democratic political party.

7. All of the following statements regarding the boosters of the New South are true EXCEPT
a. They saw economic independence as a means of limiting connections between
North and South
b. They embraced industrialization as a tool to encourage economic development
c. They were exclusively white and sought to maintain the racial status quo
d. They sought to move away from the South’s dependence on cotton, believing that
agricultural diversification would lead to economic development
C. They were exclusively white and sought to maintain the racial status quo. Pg. 65. The
booster of the New South pushed to reshape the South’s economy and move toward
industrialization and diversified agriculture.

8. From 1880 to 1950, approximately _______ African Americans were murdered by white
mobs.
a. 139
b. 345
c. 870
d. 5,000
D. 5,000. Pg. 66. Either for crimes or fabricated crimes, white mobs murdered about 5,000
African Americans in the years between 1880 and 1950.

9. ________________, wrote an influential book, Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases
and helped inspire the anti-lynching movement.
a. Ida Tarbell
b. Ida B. Wells
c. Lincoln Steffens
d. Booker T. Washington
B. Ida B. Wells. Pg. 67. African American and anti-lynching activist, Ida B. Wells wrote
Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases to expose the truth about the horrible
lynching culture in the South.
10. What tactics were used to disenfranchise black voters?
a. Poll taxes
b. Literacy tests
c. Violence and intimidation
d. All of the above
D. All of the above. Pg. 68. Black voters were threatened physically and economically when
voting as well as were required to pass difficult literacy test and pay poll taxes.

11. What was the Lost Cause?

a. A belief that the South could never have won the war because northern soldiers
exerted greater virtue and courage
b. A glorification of the memory of the Confederacy and a romanticization of the Old
South as a pastoral land with benevolent masters and happy slaves
c. The belief among northerners that southerners would never accept racial equality
d. All of the above
B. A glorification of the memory of the Confederacy and a romanticization of the Old
South as a pastoral land with benevolent masters and happy slaves. Pg. 69. The “Lost
Cause” was a glorification of what the South used to look like with slaves and masters on
plantations.

12. What was the most important aspect of the southern economy in the late nineteenth and
early twentieth centuries?
a. Agriculture
b. Textile mills
c. Tobacco production
d. Furniture making
A. Agriculture. Pg. 70. Although industrial growth was occurring, agriculture, specifically
cotton, was still was the main aspect of southern economy.

13. What was the “tainted money debate?”

a. A widely publicized debate between Pennsylvania Senate candidates that questioned
whether American industrial development damaged American liberty
b. The decision whether the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions
would accept a large donation by John D. Rockefeller
c. The title of a series of essays written by Jacob Riis that exposed corruption in New
York City government
d. Debates over whether the United States currency should be backed by the gold
standard
B. The decision whether the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions
would accept a large donation by John D. Rockefeller. Pg. 72. The “tainted money debate”
brought up questions about if religious groups could support the elite if they gain their
income through immorality. The issue arose when the richest man in America, Rockefeller,
donated to the American Board of Commissioners.

14. Which of the following statements regarding “muscular Christianity” are true:
a. Motivated by a fear that the country had become a nation of emasculated men
b. Sought to stiffen young men’s’ backbones by putting them in touch with their primal
manliness
c. Built summer camps and gymnasiums where young American men could strengthen
their bodies and spirits
d. All of the above
D. All of the above. Pgs. 74 & 75. Because of the rise of industrialization, men were often
working inside office jobs instead of laboring at the farm. Christians began to worry about
their men becoming “feminine,” so muscular Christians founded camps and clubs that
would strengthen their boys.

15. Which of these authors criticized Victorian era gender norms?

a. Charlotte Perkins Gilman
b. Kate Chopin
c. Both of these
d. Neither of these
B. Kate Chopin. Pg. 74. Kate Chopin’s The Awakening challenged gender norms by
allowing her female characters to feel desire and desperation.

How did Chicago represent industrial America?

Chicago was the largest industrial hub in America and was at the forefront of many
industries including the meat-packing industry and large corporations. The city’s
population was at 1.7 million at the turn of the twentieth century largely due to
urbanization and immigration. People were either populating the cities, including Chicago,
coming from rural areas or overseas because they wanted to be part of the industrial
triumph and success that Chicago was creating. (Information found on Pgs. 56-58).

How did the era of industrialization transform American culture?

The era of industrialization transformed American culture through creating
unskilled jobs for workers, which contribution to the country’s growing wealth. There was
an evolution of large urban cities. People were flocking from rural areas to the cities for the
opportunities that came with industrialization and patterns of rural life were shattered.
Immigration was common as immigrants saw America as the land of economic opportunity
and were in general more willing to work for lower wages than native-born Americans.
These immigrants helped transform American culture to believe that diversity is a sign of
strength as a nation.