Water Supply

System

o Storage Capacity and Fan o Water riser design

Selection
o Pressure reducer
o Domestic cold water supply
Storage Capacity and Tank Selection
 Storage Capacity

Tank Capacity depends on :

• Number of people in the building
• Daily consumption of water per person
• Irregular supply of city water

Day of storage:
• Underground storage:2-3 days
• Roof storage: 1 day
 Number of people
Typical floor
Ground Floor:
This floor contains 4 flats : 364 people
1. Flat 1 contains 2 bedrooms and one maids room
Number of people =(2*2)+1=5.
14th floor
2. Flat 2 contains 3 bedrooms and one maids room
Number of people =(3*2)+1=7.
18 people
3. Flat 3 contains 2 bedrooms and one maids room
Number of people =(2*2)+1=5. 15th floor
4. Flat 4 contains 2 bedrooms and one maids room
Number of people =(2*2)+1=5. 30 people

Total number of people=5+7+5+5=22 people Total # of people = 22 + 364 + 18 + 30

= 436 people
 Tank Selection

Domestic Water Tank Capacity:

• Daily consumption of water per person : 50 gallon/day
• The needed volume to support the building daily consumption:
=(nb of people in bldg) ×(consumption of water/person)
= 436 × 50 gallon/day= 21800 gallon = 80m3
• Since the building is in jaddah , we have irregular supply of city
water; So we need to store 1 day capacity on the roof and 2 day
capacity on the basements.
• Capacity of roof tanks is equal to 80m3.
• The roof tank is devided into two equal volume (40m3 each).
• Capacity for the underground tanks is equal to 2 ×80=160 m3
 Tank Selection
Drinking Water Tank Capacity:

• Number of people in the building :436 person

• Daily water consumption: 12 liter/person
• Total daily water consumption:
=436×12liter/person=5250liters=5.25m3.

• There are two tanks one on the basement and the other is on the
roof.
 Tank Selection
Irrigation Tank Capacity:
• Irrigation consumption per day =Green Areas ×0.02
• We have 300 m2 green areas
• Then irrigation tank capacity equal:300 ×0.02=6 m3/day
• We need a tank of Capacity equals to 6000 liters
 Tank Materials

Tank Material Capacity

Roof ”Domestic water” PPR 40000 liters
Roof ”Domestic water” PPR 40000 liters
Roof ”Drinking water” PPR 3000 liters
Basement 2 ”Domestic water” Concrete 80000 liters

Basement 2 ”Domestic water” Concrete 80000 liters

Basement 2 ”Drinking water” PPR 3000 liters
Basement 2 ”Irrigation” PPR 6000 liters
Domestic cold water supply
Kitchen

Total Fixture unit:

Cold = 3 , Hot = 4, Total = 5
Bath

Total Fixture unit:

Cold = 6.75, Hot = 3.75,
Total = 8
Toilet

Total Fixture unit:

Cold = 5.25, Hot = 2.25,
Total = 6
Guest Toilet

Total Fixture unit:

Cold = 3.75 , Hot = 0.75 ,
Total = 4
 Domestic cold water supply

How domestic water is calculated in one apartment:

• List all the fixture units in the apartment (Bathtub , shower , bidet ,
water closet , etc…)
• Get the equivalent GPM for the above F.U
• Using the pipe friction chart , get the diameter
Apartment floor
 Domestic Water(Apartment)

• This apartment contains:

3 Bathes
1 toilet
1 guest toilet
1 kitchen

• ∑F.U: Cold=32.25 , Hot=18.25 , Total=39

 Apartment Estimate curve for Demand load

24
gpm

Total FU
=39

Since the total Fixture unit is equal to 39 , then the demand gpm is equal to 24 gpm.
 Friction Diameter Curve

Diameter=
1 ½”
24
gpm

Pressure loss=4 psi/100ft

 Summary of Diameter

Fixture units GPM Diameter(inch)

Cold water 32.25 20 1¼

Hot water 18.25 13 1¼
Total 39 24 1½

The cold water diameter is equal to 0.75×total diameter=0.75×1.5=1.25

inch.
The same for the hot water which is equal to 1.25inch
Water riser design
 Fixture Units for building
• Ground Floor: • Typical Floor:
Contains: Contains:
5 toilets 4 toilets
9 bathes 12 bathes
4 guest toilets 4 guest toilets
4 kitchens 4 kitchens
F.U = 5(6) + 9(8) + 4(4) + 4(5) F.U = 4(6) + 12(8) + 4(4) + 4(5)
= 138 F.U = 156 F.U/floor
T.F.U = 156*13
= 2028 F.U
• 14th Floor: • 15th Floor:
Contains: Contains:
4 toilets 2 toilets
8 bathes 14 bathes
4 guest toilets 4 guest toilets
4 kitchens 2 kitchens
F.U = 4(6) + 8(8) + 4(4) + 4(5) F.U = 2(6) + 14(8) + 4(4) + 2(5)
= 124 F.U = 150 F.U

Total fixture units for all the building = 138 + 2028 + 124 + 150
= 2440 F.U
 Estimate curve for Demand load

Example:
If we have a system with flush tank containing 2010 F.U,
then this value is equivalent to 330 GPM
 Summary of riser sizing
Floor Fixture Flow Diameter Floor Fixture Flow Diameter
NB Units (GPM) (inch) NB Units (GPM) (inch)

15* 150 57 2 3 606 150 3

14* 124 50 2 2 450 120 3
13* 156 55 2 1 294 80 2½
12 2010 330 5 G.F 138 53 2 * Booster pumps
11 1854 310 5 should be installed
10 1698 295 4 for floor 15,14,13
9 1542 275 4
8 1386 260 4
7 1230 240 4
6 1074 225 4
5 918 200 4
4 762 175 4
Water riser
Sizing
 Domestic Water upward riser

• Flow rate needed to fill the tank in 6 hours :

𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒌 80𝑚3 13.3𝑚3 𝒍

Q= = = = 𝟑. 𝟕
𝑻𝒊𝒎𝒆 6 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝒔𝒆𝒄
= 58.65 𝑔𝑝𝑚
Q=A×V Optimum
Velocity
2
3.14×𝐷
3.7×10-3= ×1.5
4
D=5.6cm = 2.5”
Pressure reducer
 Pressure Reducer

• Controls the pump

• Turn it on when the pressure in the
system is under the pressure
required ,which is 0.99 Bar ,round
to 1 bar .
 Pressure reduce station (PRS) , Gate valve and
Shock Arrestor
• The RPS is a network of 2 parallel
pressure reducing valves (PRV) and 2
strainers each surrounded by 2
isolating valves.
• Strainer job is to filter the flow.
• Isolating valve stops the flow
• Pressure Gauge are installed on the
PRV
• The PRV is connected using 2 unions ;
Unions are simple threaded type
fittings that allow you to quickly
remove a valve or other fixture from a
piping system
 Pressure reduce station (PRS) , Gate valve and Shock
Arrestor
It is used to reduce the inlet pressure to a value lower than 3 Bar in order to
protect the gate valve ,the fittings and all the fixtures in each branch of the
riser.
 Pressure Reducer

• Best pressure needed is between 1bar-3bar.

• Pressure reducer Station are used to maintain optimum pressure.
• Pressure(bar)=height×γ

Where:
γ = 0.0981 MN/m3
Height=3m×I
i:number of floor (i=1 for last floor)
 Pressure Reducer

Floor Pressure (Bar) Comment

15 P=0.2943 Booster pump should be installed(P<1 Bar)
14 P=0.5886 Booster pump should be installed(P<1 Bar)
13 P=0.8829 Booster pump should be installed(P<1 Bar)
12 P=1.1772 Acceptable
11 P=1.4715 Acceptable
10 P=1.7658 Acceptable
9 P=2.0601 Acceptable
8 P=2.3544 Acceptable
 Pressure Reducer

Floor Pressure (Bar) Comment

7 P=2.6487 Acceptable
6 P=2.943 Pressure Reducer station should be installed,P=1bar
5 P=1.2943 Acceptable
4 P=1.5886 Acceptable
3 P=1.8829 Acceptable
2 P=2.1772 Acceptable
1 P=2.4715 Acceptable
G.F P=2.7658 Acceptable
 Drainage

o Risers F.U Calculation

 Info

• All sanitary drainage systems

should be connected to the public
sewer system (wherever available)
at the nearest possible point , or
safe and nonpolluting sump.

• The drainage system should be so

designed as to guard against
fouling, deposit of solids and
clogging.
 Riser Design Typical
Typical floor:4 typical risers (1,2,7,8)

KS: 2 DFU WC: 4 DFU

DW: 2 DFU LV: 1 DFU
WM: 2DFU ST: 2 DFU
17 DFU
FD: 2*2 = 4 DFU
4 typical risers(3,4,9,10)
BT: 2*2 = 4 DFU
BID: 2*1 = 2 DFU
WC: 2*4 = 8 DFU
LV: 2*1 = 2 DFU
FD: 2*2 = 4 DFU

20 DFU
4 typical risers(5,6,11,12)

LV: 2*1 = 2 DFU BID: 1 DFU

WC: 2*4 = 8 DFU BT: 2*1 = 2 DFU 17 DFU
FD: 2*2 = 4 DFU
 Horizontal design
Riser DFU Diameter

1 17 4
2 17 4
3 20 4
4 20 4
5 17 4
6 17 4
7 17 4
8 17 4
9 20 4
10 20 4
11 17 4
12 17 4
There are 13 typical floors:
For typical risers (1,2,7,8):
Total DFU = 17*13 = 221 DFU/Riser
For typical risers (3,4,9,10):
Total DFU = 20*13 = 260 DFU/Riser
For typical riser (5,6,11,12):
Total DFU = 20*17 = 221 DFU/Riser
 14th Floor
2 typical risers (1,2)

KS: 2 DFU WC: 4 DFU

DW: 2 DFU LV: 1 DFU
WM: 2DFU ST: 2 DFU
17 DFU
FD: 2*2 = 4 DFU
4 typical risers(3,4)
BT: 2*2 = 4 DFU
BID: 2*1 = 2 DFU
WC: 2*4 = 8 DFU
LV: 2*1 = 2 DFU
FD: 2*2 = 4 DFU

20 DFU
4 typical risers(5,6,11,12)

LV: 2*1 = 2 DFU BID: 1 DFU

WC: 2*4 = 8 DFU BT: 2*1 = 2 DFU 17 DFU
FD: 2*2 = 4 DFU
2 typical risers (9,10)

DW: 2 DFU ST: 2 DFU

KS: 2 DFU LV: 1 DFU
WC: 4 DFU FD: 2*2 = 4 DFU

15DFU
 15th Floor
2 typical risers (1,2)

KS: 2 DFU WC: 4 DFU

DW: 2 DFU LV: 1 DFU
WM: 2DFU ST: 2 DFU
17 DFU
FD: 2*2 = 4 DFU
4 typical risers (3,4,9,10)
BT: 2*2 = 4 DFU
BID: 2*1 = 2 DFU
WC: 2*4 = 8 DFU
LV: 2*1 = 2 DFU
FD: 2*2 = 4 DFU

20 DFU
4 typical risers(5,6,11,12)

LV: 2*1 = 2 DFU BID: 1 DFU

WC: 2*4 = 8 DFU BT: 2*1 = 2 DFU 17 DFU
FD: 2*2 = 4 DFU
2 typical risers (7,8)

BT: 2 DFU
BID: 1 DFU
WC: 4 DFU

7 DFU
 Vertical design
Riser DFU Diameter

1 221+17+17=255 4

2 255 4
3 300 4
4 300 4
5 255 4
6 255 4
7 228 4
8 228 4
9 295 4
10 295 4
11 255 4
12 255 4
Vent
 Vents

Vent system
-Allows continuous airflow
through the system:

.Gases and odors can dissipate

.Bacteria do not have

an opportunity to develop
 Vent types

An INDIVIDUAL VENT is a vent

that connects the main vent with
the individual trap underneath
or behind a fixture
 Vent types

A COMMON VENT vents two

traps to a single vent pipe.

The unit vent can be used when

a pair of lavatories are installed
side by side, as well as when
they are hung back to back on
either side of a partition
 Vent types

Relief Vent Circuit Vent Branch Vent

 Sizing of vent pipe stack

A –Horizontal Branch vent pipe sizing:

. First of all the total fixture units on that branch must be calculate .
. Calculate the developed length of the vent pipe

For Horizontal branch in riser 1 of 3rd floor:

F.U among this branch is 17D.F.U , and the pipe diameter among this
branch is 4”.
Length of horizontal vent pipe among this branch is:3+11=14ft
Slope of horizantal drainage is 1/8 inch/foot.
From the table below ; the vent diameter will be :2”
 Sizing of vent pipe stack

B-Vent stack sizing

. Calculate the total fixture units connected to soil stack and size as
mentioned before.
. Calculate the developed length of the vent pipe

For Vertical soil stack 1 :

F.U among this riser is 255 D.F.U , and the pipe diameter among this
branch is 4”.
Length of vent stack is:(3 × 17)=51m=167ft
From the table; the
vent diameter will
be : 3”
 Pump Selection

o Pump Type o Pump Specification

o Pump Calculation o Pipe Flow Software
 Pump type selection

Horizontal split Available in a

Vertical Multi-Stage
case wide range

Benefits
Vertical inline High efficiencies

End suction VFD

Vertical Multi- High Flow rate

Stage and Head
 Manufacturer Selection
+ 10%
• Flow = 58.65 gpm -> Flow* = 64.5 gpm
• Head = 250.5 ft -> Head* = 253 ft

Model: PVM(X) 10 – 8

8 Stages

1800 – 3600 rpm

VFD @ 3304 rpm VFD @ 3449 rpm

Eff @ 66.26% Eff @ 64.81%

Graph

Performance curve

System curve

Operating Point
AUTOCAD

PipeFlow
Velocity = 4.217 ft/s Required pump head NPSHa
4 < V < 7 (ft/s) H (Calculated) = 250.5 ft
Similar to pipeflow results
NPSH

NPSHr = 10 ft

NPSHa = 39.49 ft > 10 ft + 5

• Cavitation is avoided
• Safe pump operation
Booster Pumps

Outlet F.U. Pressure (psi)

Dishwasher 10 8
Sink 10 8
Washing Machine 10 8
Lavatory 56 8
Shower 10 8
Water Closet 56 20
Bathtub 34 20
Bidet 34 20
 Booster Pumps

TWO-PUMP BOOSTER
SETS

On demand VARIABLE-SPEED
water supply MOTORS

PRESSURE TRANSDUCER GTKS20 Booster sets

CONTROL
 Selecting the boost pump
• Available pressure due to gravity is within 2.1 – 6.2 m of water
• Required pump pressure: 14.1m (20psi) – 2.1 = 12 m of water
Max Flow rate = 162 gpm (29.5 m3/hr) Pump Flow rate = 81 gpm (14.75 m3/hr)
Max Pressure = 17psi (12 m of water) Pump Pressure = 17psi (12 m of water)

START

END
 Building Management System

Did you know buildings account for 40% of the world’s energy use ?!!!!
Lighting is responsible for
about 35% of a commercial
building’s electrical use.
 Lighting Control

Reducing Lighting load!!!

 Unoccupied Setup/Setback

During un occupation we can rise the temperature from

22 degree Celsius to 29 degree Celsius.
 Night Ventilation Purge

• Reduces energy used& cooling load.

Warm up Cool Down Ventilation
Demand Controlled Ventilation
Questions?